XIII

DEMONSTRATION OF THE BEING

AND ATTRIBUTES OF GOD, DR. SAMUEL CLARKE
ETHICA ORDINE GEOMETRICO
DEMONSTRATA SPINOZA.

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Demonstration of the Being and Attributes of God,

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Ethics Benedict Spinoza ,

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. Dr. Samuel Clarke ,
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CLARKE.
I.

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Dr. Clarke


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x = .
y=

z = .
p = .
q = .
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x (XI.
7), x = 1, x = 0, .
:1

x = 1

x = v[y(1 x) + z(1 y)]

x = v[p(1 q) + q(1 p)]

p = vy

q = v(1 z)

v,

6.

1 x = 0

(1)

x = [yz + (1 y) (1 z)] = 0

(2)

x = [pq + (1 p) (1 q)] = 0

(3)

p(q y) = 0

(4)

qz = 0

(5)

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y, z, p, q, , ,
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y,
z, .
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x (1), (2), (3),
(2) (3) x (1). ,
yz +(1 y)(1 z)=0

(6)

pq +(1 p)(1 q)=0

(7)

p (4) (7), ,
p(1 y) + pq + (1 p)(1 q) = 0

(8)

,
(1 y)(1 q)=0.

(9)

q (5) (9),
qz + (1 y)(1 q) = 0

x(1 y) = 0.
(6) (10), , , ,
yz + 1 y = 0.

(10)

 z,
1 y = 0, , y = 1.

(11)

y,
z = 0.

(12)
(11)
.
(12)
.
(6), (7), (4), (5),

p q . y (4)
(6),
p(1 y) + yz +(1 y)(1 z) = (0)

(p + 1 z)z = 0, or, pz = 0.

(13)

z (5) (13),
qz + pz = 0
,
0 = 0.
(7), q, 0 = 0
, p.

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, p,

0 = 0, q, ,

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(7) p q,

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(7),
p(1 q) + q(1 p) = 1, ,
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Dr. Clarke,
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II.

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 x = .
y = .
z = .
p = .
q = .
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1 x = 1
2 x = v{y(l z) + z(1 y)}
3 z = v{p(l q) + (1 p)q}
4 p = 0
5 q = 0,
, v,
l x = 0

(1)

x{yz + (1 y)(1 z)} = 0

(2)

z{pq + (1 p)(1 q)} = 0

(3)

p = 0

(4)

q = 0.

(5)
x, p, q, y, z = 0.

x, p, q, z,
y=1.
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Dr. Clarke . ,
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w =

x(1 y)(1 z) + y(1 x)(1 z) + z(1 x)(1 y) = l,

(1)

x = 0,

(2)

w=v(1 y),

(3)

v,
wy = 0.

(4)

, , 0 1,
. x
y(1 z) + z(1 y) = 1

(5)

, yz +(1 y)(1 z) = 0.

(6)

(4) (6), y,
w(1 z) = 0,

w = vz

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9.

Dr. Samuel Clarke

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( Sir Isaac Newton
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x =

y=

t=

z=

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w=

v=

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q :
x = q{y(1 t) + (1 y)t}.
tz = q(1 w).
y = qv.
v = q(1 x).
x = qz.
w = 1.

 , q, ,
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x{yt +(1 y)(1 t)} = 0.

(1)

tzw = 0.

(2)

y(1 v) = 0.

(3)

vx = 0.

(4)

x(1 z) = 0.

(5)

1 w = 0.

(6)

w, v, z, y, t,

x = 0,
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Dr. Clarke.
( v, z, y, t, x, w = 1),
0 = 0.

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tz = 0,
z = q(1 t) .

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10.

Dr. Clarke

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IV. .
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VI.

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4

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x = .
y = .
z = .
w = .
t = .

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xy(1 z) = 0.

(1)

x(1 w) = 0.

(2)

w(1 t) = 0.

(3)

tz = 0.

(4)

t,w, z,
xy = 0,
y = 0/0 (1 x);
,- .
VII. .
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y = .
z = .
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x(1 y) = 0.

(1)

y(1 z) = 0.

(2)

zx = 0.

(3)
y z,

x = 0.
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11.

Bishop Butler, Demonstration,

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Dr. Clarke,
Butler. Butler :
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Dr. Clarke .
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VIII.

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x = ( )
1 x = .
y = .
p = .
q = .
r = .
s = .

x = vy.
1x = v {p (1 q) (1 r) + q (1 p) (1 r) + r (1 p) (1 q)}.
p = vy.
q = vs (1 s) = 0.
r (1 q) (1 p) = 0.
, , q = 0, , q
,
x = vy,

1x = v {p (1 r) + r (1 p)},

p = vy,

r (1 p) = 0,

v, ,
x (1 y)=0,

(1)

(1 x) {pr +(1 p)(1 r)} = 0,

(2)

p(1 y) = 0,

(3)

r (1 p) = 0.

(4)

y,
Dr. Clarke. , x (1) (2),
(1 y){pr + (1 p)(1 r)} = 0.

(5)

, r (4) (5),
r(l p) + (1 y){pr + (1 p)(1 r)} = 0,
{1 p + (1 y)p} x (1 y)(1 p) = 0;

(1 y)(1 p) = 0.

(6)

, p (3) (6),
1 y = 0,
y=1,
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y (1), (2), (3),
(4), , ,
(1 x){pr +(1 p)(1 r)} = 0,

r(1 p) = 0.

(7)

x,
r(1 p) = 0, r = vp,
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(1 x)(1 p) = 0,
, 1 x = vp,
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, p,
(1 x) r = 0,
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1 x = r(1 r),

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r = vx,
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(VI. 16)
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px = 0,
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(1 x) {pr + (1 p)(1 r)} + r(1 p) + px = 0.

(8)

p,
r = 0,
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r (8),
(1 x)(1 p) + px = 0, or, 1 x = p
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w = .
x = .
y = .
z = .
p = .
q = .
r = .
t = .
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w = v {x(1 y)(1 q) + y(1 x)(1 z) + z(1 x)(1 y)}.
x = v(1 t).

y = v {p(1 q)(1 r) + q(1 p)(1 r) + r(1 p)(1 q)}.

p(l q) + q(l p) = v(1 t).
t = vw.
, v,
w {1 x(1 y)(1 z) y(1 x)(1 z) z(1 x)(1 y)} = 0,

(1)

xt = 0,

(2)

y {1 p(1 q)(1 r) q(1 p)(1 r) r(1 p)(1 q)} = 0,

(3)

{p(1 q) + q(1 p)} t = 0,

(4)

t(1 w) = 0.

(5)

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t z r.
w, x, y, p, q . ,
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w (1) (5),
t{1 x(1 y)(1 z) y(1 x)(1 z) z(1 x)(1 y)} = 0.

(6)

p (3) (4)
yqr + yqt + yt(1 r)(1 q) = 0.

(7)

q
yt(1 r) = 0.

(8)

x (2) (6)
t{yz + (1 y)(1 z)} = 0.

(9)

y (8) (9)
t(1 z)(1 r) =0.
t, z, r.

t = 0/{(1z)(1r)}
= (0/0)zr + (0/0)z(1r)+(0/0)(1z)r+0(1z)(1r)
= (0/0)z + (0/0)(1z)r

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. (8)
t=0/y(1r) = (0/0)yr + (0/0) (1y)r + 0/0(1y)(1r)=(0/0)yr + (0/0)(1y)
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z, p, q, 0 = 0.
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x, t, p
xt + pt = 0;

t = 0/(p+x)=(0/0)=(1p)(1x).
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pqy = 0,
y = 0/pq = (0/0)p(1q)+(0/0)(1p).
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4.
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 y(1 z) = s, , ,
ts(1 r) = 0
s = 0/t(1r )=(0/0)tr+0/0(1t).
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1 t = yz + (0/0)y(1 z) + (0/0)(1 y)z + (1 y)(1 z).
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1.

(w) (x), (y), (z).

2.

(x) (t).

3.

(y) (p),

(q), (r).

4.

(p) (t).

5.

(q) (t).

6.

(z) (u).

7.

(r)

(u).
8.

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v, :
w(1 x)(1 y)(1 z) = 0,

(1)

xt = 0,

(2)

y(1 p)(1 q)(1 r) = 0,

(3)

pt = 0,

(4)

qt = 0,

(5)

z(1 u) = 0,

(6)

r(1 u) = 0,

(7)

t(1 w) = 0.

(8)

V(1 V) = 0.

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16.

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Spinoza.
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1.

(causa sui),

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(in suo genere finita)

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, (in se), (per se

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. (Idea vera debet cum suo

ideato convenire.)
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Ethics ,
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Spinoza.

17.

, , , Spinoza

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1 , x,
, x' , ,

x + x' = 1; (. I.)
, x = 1 - x'.
2 , y,
, y'
y =1 - y'. (. II.)
3 , z, , z'
z =1 - z'. (. III., V.)
4 , f, , f';
f =1 - f'. (. VII.)

, e,

, e'
e =1 - e'. (. I. . VII.)
,
, . . III.,
,
z = y.
, . IV., Spinoza,

y = e.
, . VII.,
f = e.
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z' = x', ,
z = x.
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:

x = y = z = f = e = 1 - x' = 1 - y' = 1 - f' = 1 - z' = 1 - e'.

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z = 1 - e',
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z = e,
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18.

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: Quum finitum esse revera sit ex parte negatio, et infinitum absoluta
affirmatio existentiae alicujus naturae, sequitur ergo ex sola Prop. VII. omnem substantiam
debere esse infinitam.
Clarke, Butler (. 11),
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19.

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Clarke Spinoza
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: Mens humana adaequatum habet cogni-tionem aeternae et infinitae
essentiae Dei (. XLVII., 2). . XXXIV., 2
Omnis idea quae in nobis est absoluta sive adaequata et perfecta, vera est
VI., 1, Idea vera debet cum suo ideato convenire. ,
: De natura rationis est res sub quadam aeternitatis
specie percipere (. XLIV., 2). ,
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