muslim polymath reintroduced Aristotle to Jewish and Muslim academics 1126 1198 Born the end of the andalusian

n Golden Age Averroes writes important commentaries on Aristotle. He goes to North Africa Toledo is center of Translation from Arabic 1126 1151 Raymond of Toledo led a team of translators who included Mozarabic Toledans, Jewish scholars, Madrasah teachers, and monks from the Order of Cluny. They translated many works, usually from Arabic into Castilian, and then from Castilian into Latin, as it was the ofcial church language. In some cases, the translator could work directly from Arabic into Latin or Greek. Maimonides integrates aristotle into Jewish thought 1135 1204 200,000 Gnostic Christians transplanted from Armenia to Bulgaria 970 Mu'tazili philosophy grows in Baghdad and Basra in response to Manichaens 748 Syriac nestorian and jacobite christians translate greek to arabic 750 950 nestorian and jacobite christians translate greek to arabic House of Wisdom in Bagdad: traslation movement 754 847 The House of Wisdom was modeled on Sassanid learning. It became a major center fro science and translation of texts from Persia, india and greek into arabic Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, Hippocrates, Euclid, Plotinus, Galen, Sushruta, Charaka, Aryabhata and Brahmagupta Anan Ben David founds Baghdad's Karaite reaction to Rabbinical Judaism 770 Paulicianism was an Armenian Gnostic Sect. It served as a conduit for Manichaeanism and neoplatonic Dualism into christian europe Paulicians spark the Bogomil Manichaen Heresy 970 1200 Bogomils were a gnostic manichaen sect in the Balkans, Theer Gnostic, Dualistic Heresies inltrated Europe and fed into the Cathar Heresy Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity in Iraq 1000 Arab scholars in Basra, Iraq form a new blend of Islam and neoplatonic, hermitic philosophy Koran translated into Persian in Bukhara 976 Avicenna (Ibn Sina) in Persian Khorasan 980 1037 Great scholar of the Islamic golden age, reconciled neoplatonism and aristotle. Lived in Central Asia and Persia michael psellos form Byzantian Hermetic tradition 1018 1081 combines plato, chaldean oracles, and corpus hermeticum Seljuks capture Kharasan and become Persianized 1029 Al-Ghazali rejects neo-platonism in Persian Khorasan (retrenchment) 1058 1111 Al-Ghazali was immensely inuential in creating an Islamic Epistemology that rejected the ancient greeks. It seems like an intellectual retreat Sicily and Palermo Golden Age of translation 1074 1250 Rabbi Academy in Lucena near cordoba 1078 1148 Conservative Berbers take cordoba (retrenchment) 1090 Berbers ended the golden age of Moorish Spain. Many jewish scholars left for the Christian North or the Middle East Church becomes corporation after Investiture Cotroversy 1122 other corporate bodies were towns, guilds, universities and professional bodies Maimondes was born in the Jewish community of Cordoba, but joined diaspora to levant and egypt after 1148 Southern Italian Monastaries produce Joachimite Millenarian Prophecies 1135 1202 Joachim of Fiore prophesied of a new prophet leading into an the Aquarian Age of the Spirit. This has become a staple of Utopian Millenarianism in the Hermetic Reformation. His prophecies are similar to the zoroastrian prophecies. Cathar Heresy in Southern France & Italy 1143 1325 Based in the Provence in Southern France this gnostic manichaean movement seems to be a branch of the Bogomils. this heresy is often considered protoprotestant Suhrawardi founds Persian Hermetic Shi'ite Illuminism 1155 1191 Suhrawardi came out of the Muslim Islamic neo-platonic tradition of Avicenna. Surawhardi is very important for Persian Islam Michael Scot joins frederick II's court 1194 1232 Scot translates Arabic version of Aristotle into Latin, thus making it accesible to european audience. He read Avicenna and wrote books on Astrology, Alchemy and Occult science. He was known as a Magus. Frederick II brings early Renassaince to Sicily 1194 1250 Sicilian cities give refuge to diaspora of Andalusian Jewish Intellectuals. His patronage allows Maimondides scholar Jacob Anatoli to translate Averroes from arabic to Hebrew Rumi Part of Persian Language cultural owering in Turkey 1207 1273 Great Persian Poet and Mystic. Lived in Central Turkey, sultanate of Rum. Franciscan Joachimites persecuted 1223 1323 The Franciscan Spirituals thought that Francis of Assisi was the prophetic New Adam of the Aquarian Age of the Spirit. They rejected all material possesions Sant Francis creates the second covenant 1223 Near the end of his life Francis saw that the Franciscan Reformers were being Co-Opted by the Pope. He proclaimed a much more radical occupy-like coventant for his order in 1223 Byzantine Civil War 1341 1347 Byzantium collapsed from within, allowing the Ottomans to intervene and play each side against the other. They take Anatolia and part of Thrace Abulaa spreads Kabbalah around europe 1240 1292 Abulaa was from Catelonia he spread Kabbalah throughout Spain, Italy and Greece. He settles in kingdom of Siclily. His work translated into Latin. marks beginning of Christian Kabbalah Moses de Leon composes the Kabbalah text: the Zohar, in Spanish Castille 1250 1305 lived around Madrid. Spain was a haven for cabbalah from the decline of cordoba in 1148 until Queen Isabellas reign in 1472 Alfonso X of Castile Toledo Translators 1252 1284 Alfonsos death marks the end of Toledos role Hillis teaches Maimonides to abulaa in capua 1260 1271 Sicily was one vector of the foreign ideas into europe John Wycliffe founds Lollard Heresy 1328 1384 Wycliffe is known as the founder of the Lollard protoprotestants. The movement was absorbed into the english reformation Pletho 1355 1452 Pletho was was a Greek intellectual who transmitted the Hermetic Theosophy of Egypt 200-400 to Florence, sparking off what most people call the Renaissance. Interestingly he did not learn the Hermetic Philosophy in his intolerant native Constantinople. Instead he learned it in Ottoman Turkish Academies. Turkish Murad I defeats Byzantium and takes control most of greece and turkey 1361 1389 The Ottoman Emperor, Murad I was a great patron of the arts and learning. He gathered Jewish Scholars into academy at his capitol In the Balkans. This was a soft power move against the fossilized east-block culture of Constantinople. Pletho learned his heretical Hermetic beliefs from Jewish scholars at Turkish Universities. Pletho transmitted Hermetic Culture to Florence, sparking the Hermetic Renaissance. Pletho studies Averroes Illuminationism from Jewish scholar 1390 Murad I collected a group of Jewish Scholars in Bursa & Adrianopolis. Elisha taught Pletho about surawardis illumination and Averroess neo-platonism Henry the Navigator makes Lisbon Science center 1394 1460 constant exchange of cultural ideals made Portugal a centre of knowledge and technological development. Due to these connections with Islamic kingdoms, many mathematicians and experts in naval technology appeared in Portugal. The Portuguese government impelled this even further by taking full advantage of this and by creating several important research centres in Portugal, where Portuguese and foreign experts made several breakthroughs in the elds of mathematics, cartography and naval technology.

italian wars and Counter reformation wipe out Free Thought in Sicily and Florence 1517 1559 italian wars and Counter reformation wipe out Free Thought in Sicily and Florence Radical Reformation takes Munster and proclaims end of sin 1524 The Anabaptist Mennonites took Munster through legal guild elections. They proclaimed Polygamy and were fond of Public Nudity. Their descendants the Amish and Menonites ee to Pennsylvania Protestant Spiritualist Schwenkfeld in Silesia (poland) 1489 1561 Jews and Muslims are expelled from Spain 1492 Queen Isabella comes to power and brings the inquisition to spain 1474-1504 Occultist Paracelsus pioneered the use of chemicals and minerals in medicine. 1493 1541 Taborite Rebellion 1419 1434 Radical arm of the Prage Hussite rebellion, revives gnositc radicalism. Forms the heart of the Hussite army which defeats unitied Europe. Mount Tabor became the home of many radical Hermetic sects who were Autonomous from the State for 16 years. It is the early Gnostic Reformation. Ficino 1433 1499 revives neoplatonism Hermeticism. Leads, medicis revival of Platos academy in Florence council of Florence 1438 Pletho Meets Medici and introduces him to Hermetic Philosophy. Medici uses his fortune to fund the Hermetic Reformation in Florence Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist. Important for history of New Age Healing End of the Italian Renaissance 1494 French invade Italy leading to 4 decades of war Jewish Refugees from Spain and Italy make Safed a vibrant hermetic center 1494 prominent rabbis found their way to Safed, among them the Kabbalists Isaac Luria and Moshe Kordovero; Joseph Caro Agrippa 1496 1535 Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim was a German magician, occult writer, theologian, astrologer, and alchemist. Luria helps synthesize Hermetic philosophy & Kabbalah 1534 1572 Luria had a massive inuence on Jews and Christiansn from his outpost of Safed in Ottoman Palestine Moses ben Jacob Cordovero systematizes Kabbalah 1522 1570 Cordovero helped make safed a center of Kabbalah, Occulta Philosophia published in paris 1531 Agrippas master encyclopedia became reference Francis Bacon starts britain's hermetic enlightenment 1561 1626 Bacon saw his own movement for the advancement of learning to be in conformity with Rosicrucian ideals. Revival of gnostic illuminism in Shi'a Iran 1572 1660 Martin Luther's 95 theses 1517 This is the beginning of the German Reformation John Dee 1527 1608 English mathematician, astronomer, astrologer, occultist, navigator, imperialist and consultant to Queen Elizabeth I. He devoted much of his life to the study of alchemy, divination and Hermetic philosophy. Valentin Weigel 1533 1588 German theologian, philosopher and mystical writer, from Saxony, and an important precursor of later theosophy. Dutch Family of Love cult is founded 1540 1580 The Quakers, Baptists and Unitarians may have derived some of their ideas from the "Family." Hartlib Circle brings German Hermetic Science to England 1630 1660 Hartlibs cricle gave refuge to Hermetic scientists and translated important work into English. brought Comenius to England Hebrew printing press was established in Safed 1577 A Hebrew printing press was established in Safed in 1577 by Eliezer Ashkenazi and his son, Isaac of Prague. [7] It was the rst press in the whole of the Ottoman Empire. Johannes Valentinus Andreae 1586 1654 Writes important Rosicrucian founding document Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz 1616 Comenius 1592 1670 last bishop of Unity of the Brethren. Inuenced Hartlib Circle Luria's Kabbalah distributed in Italy 1592 1598 The New Kabbalah of Luria was published and propagated in Italy by Israel Sarug from 92-98 Boehme is Illuminated in Bohemia 1600 1624 Boehme (b. 1575) becomes a major gure in German and English Mysticism. A critic called it spinoza-ism of the mob Galileo put on trial for Copernican view 1634 Rhode Island Becomes center of Heresy in North America 1636 1682 Religious Dissenters from Massachussets founded Rhode Island. It welcomed many sects. Rosicrucian Manifestos announce Hermetic Holy War 1616 Rosicrucian Manefestos announced a war of Hermetic and Calvinist Europe against the Catholic Hapsburg Empire. Manifestos foreshadow the coming 30 years war in Germany 30 years war devastates Hermetic Reformation in Central Europe 1618 1648 Spener found Pietism in Germany 1635 1705 Anarchy of English Revolution Brings Free Press to england 1640 1660 Quakers founded and grow to 40,000 1650 1660 Radical groups of the 1640-1649 English Civil War are largely subsumed by the Quakers Hobbes Leviathan critiques anarchy of the civil war 1651 Hobbes famous critique of Anarchy is a foundation for the Liberal-Consevative Theory Turkish Jew, Shabbatai Zvi Announce self as new Messaiah 1665 1666 Sabbatereans were a major evangelical Messianic movement in Europes Jewish Public Sphere Pennsylvania becomes promised land for Hermetic Radicals 1682 Kelpius founds Hermetic Commune in Pennsyvania 1694 Baal Shem-tov's Kabbalistic Hasidism takes root in Eastern Europe. 1698 1760 considered founder of Hasidic Judaism. Baal Shem-tov created a form of Mystical Juddaism with roots in Sabbatereans

Persian cultural owering in Bukhara, Khorasan 819 999 Samanid Empire in Afghanistan and NE Iran experiences a cultural owering Palermo Becomes center of Arabic Sicily 831 Sabian inventor of Statics established a pagan Hermetic school in Baghdad 836 901 Thabit ibn Qurra Syriac Harran was a Hermetic centre for translating 847 900 Harran was a centre for translating works of astronomy, philosophy, natural sciences, and medicine from Greek to Syriac by Assyrians, and thence to Arabic, Muslim Al-Farabi studies humanism with Syriac Christian scholars in Baghdad 872 950 Great Muslim philosopher studied in Baghdad with Aramaic Christian scholars including the cleric Yuhanna ibn Haylan, Yahya ibn Adi, and Abu Ishaq Ibrahim alBaghdadi. commented on Aristotle and Plato. Important for neo-platonism Saadia Gaon rst major Arabic Jewish Philosopher Baghdad 892 942 Syriac Christian Ibn 'Adi Philosopher in Baghdad 893 974

Rudaki helps create Persian Literature in Khorasan 914 943 Rudaki was the court poet to the Samanid ruler Nasr II (914943) in Bukhara Golden Age of Cordoba in Moorish Spain 929 1031 Caliphate of Crdoba became a haven for Jewish and Muslim Scholars al-Tawhidi - great philosopher in Baghdad and Persia 930 1023 Great Baghdad Humanist al-Sijistani 932 1000 assembles circle of neo platonists

Johann Reuchlin 1455 1522 he was the nomadic centre of all Greek and Hebrew teaching in Germany. translation of Hermes from Greek into Latin 1463 Hermes Trismegistus is the apochryphal name of a body of writings from the 200s in Alexandria, Egypt. It was essential to stimulating the Divinatory, Alchemical scientic millieu. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola 1463 1494 major gure of Hermetic Reformation

Hermetic Giordano Bruno burned at the stake 1548 1600

Marian Exiles ee London to Geneva and other Reformed Lands 1554 The families of these exiles formed the Puritan Movement

Rudolph II creates Alchemist's court in Prague 1575 1611 Rudolph (b 1552) Kepler, Brahe, and Dee all attended his court. It was a center of science until 30 years way in 1620

Radical Cults and Revolutionaries ourish during English Civil War 1640 1649 Diggers, Seekers, Levellers, Ranters are some of the Groups who ourished in this period of radicallism

al-Kindi, Father of islamic Philosophy in Baghdad 801 873

Hermetic Reformation 745 750 755 760 765 770 775 780 785 790 795 800 805 810 815 820 825 830 835 840 845 850 855 860 865 870 875 880 885 890 895 900 905 910 915 920 925 930 935 940 945 950 955 960 965 970 975 980 985 990 995 1000 1005 1010 1015 1020 1025 1030 1035 1040 1045 1050 1055 1060 1065 1070 1075 1080 1085 1090 1095 1100 1105 1110 1115 1120 1125 1130 1135 1140 1145 1150 1155 1160 1165 1170 1175 1180 1185 1190 1195 1200 1205 1210 1215 1220 1225 1230 1235 1240 1245 1250 1255 1260 1265 1270 1275 1280 1285 1290 1295 1300 1305 1310 1315 1320 1325 1330 1335 1340 1345 1350 1355 1360 1365 1370 1375 1380 1385 1390 1395 1400 1405 1410 1415 1420 1425 1430 1435 1440 1445 1450 1455 1460 1465 1470 1475 1480 1485 1490 1495 1500 1505 1510 1515 1520 1525 1530 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 1560 1565 1570 1575 1580 1585 1590 1595 1600 1605 1610 1615 1620 1625 1630 1635 1640 1645 1650 1655 1660 1665 1670 1675 1680 1685 1690 1695 1700 1705 1710 1715 1720 1725 1730 1735 1740 1745 1750 1755