EDEXCEL IGCSE MATHEMATICS Additional Practice

Algebra
1 Use of symbols
1. Write a c e g i k m o

down the algebraic expression for:

b d f h j l n p

2 more than x

6 less than x

k more than x x added to 3 y taken away from b

8 multiplied by x

x minus t d added to m p added to t added to w h multiplied by j

2 divided by x

x divided by 4 y divided by t a multiplied by a

w multiplied by t g multiplied by itself

2. Asha,

Bernice and Charu are three sisters. Bernice is x years old. Asha is three years older than Bernice. Charu is four years younger than Bernice. How old is Asha? How old is Charu?

a b 3. An

approximation method of converting from degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit is given by this rule: Multiply by 2 and add 30. Using C to stand for degrees Celsius and F to stand for degrees Fahrenheit, complete this formula. F =

4. a

Anne has three bags of marbles. Each bag contains n marbles. How many marbles does she have altogether? Beryl gives her another three marbles. How many marbles does Anne have now? Anne puts one of her new marbles in each bag. How many marbles are there now in each bag? Anne takes two marbles out of each bag. How many marbles are there now in each bag? I go shopping with $10 and spend $6. How much do I have left? I go shopping with $10 and spend $x. How much do I have left? I go shopping with $y and spend $x. How much do I have left? I go shopping with $3x and spend $x. How much do I have left? the total cost of:
b d

c d 5. a b c d

6. Give a c

5 pens at 15p each 4 pens at Ap each

x pens at 15p each y pens at Ap each.

7. 8.

A boy went shopping with $A. He spent $B. How much has he got left? Simplify the following expressions:
a

2 3t

2w 4

2w w

3t 2t

9.

Joseph is given $t, John has $3 more than Joseph, Joy has $2t.
a b

How much more money has Joy than Joseph? How much do the three of them have altogether?

10.

Write each of these expressions in a shorter form.

a c e g i k

a+a+a+a+a
4e + 5e

b d f h j l

c+c+c+c+c+c f + 2f + 3f
3i + 2i i 9q 3q 3q 2w + 4w 7w 8y2 + 5y2 7y2 y2
m

g+g+g+gg
5j + j 2j 3r 3r 5x2 + 6x2 7x2 + 2x2

2z2 2z2 + 3z2 3z2

11.

Simplify each of the following expressions.

a c e g i

3x + 4x 5t 2t 2x 3x

b d f h

4y + 2y

t 4t
k 4k 2y2 + 3y2 5y2

m2 + 2m2 m2
f 2 + 4f 2 2f 2

12.

Simplify each of the following expressions.

a c e g

5x + 8 + 2x 3 4p + 2t + p 2t 3 + 2t + p t + 2 + 4 p

b d f h

7 2x 1 + 7x 8 + x + 4x 2 5w 2k 2w 3k + 5w 9k y 5y k + 10

a+b+c+dabd

13.

Write each of these in a shorter form. (Be careful some of them will not simplify.)
a c e g i k m

c+d+d+d+c f + 3g + 4h
4k + 5p 2k + 4p 4m 5n + 3m 2n 5u 4v + u + v 2w + 4y 7y 8y2 + 5z 7z 9y2

b d f h j l n

2d + 2e + 3d 3i + 2k i + k 3k + 2m + 5p

n + 3 p 6p + 5 n
2v 5w + 5w 5x2 + 6x2 7y + 2y 2z2 2x2 + 3x2 3z2

2 Algebraic indices
1. Rewrite a f

each of the following expressions in fraction form.

b

5x3
1 x3 2

6t 1

c h

7m2
3 t 4 4

d i

4q4
4 y3 5

e j

10y5
7 x5 8

1 1 g m 2

2. Change a

each fraction to index form.

b

7 x3

10 p

5 t2

8 m5

3 y

3. Find a

the value of each of the following, where the letters have the given values.

Where x = 5
i

x2

ii

x3

iii

4x1

Where t = 4
i

t3

ii

t 2

iii

5t 4

Where m = 2
i

m3

ii

m5

iii

9m1

Where w = 10
i

w6

ii

w3

iii

25w2

4. Simplify a d

these and write them as single powers of a.

b e

a2 a a6 a2
these expressions.

a3 a2 a3 a

c f

a4 a3 a5 a4

5. Simplify a d

2a2 3a3 2a2 3a2

b e

3a4 3a2 4a3 2a5

c f

(2a2)3 2a4 5a7

6. Simplify a d

these expressions.
b e

6a3 2a2 18a2 3a1 these expressions.

12a5 3a2 24a5 6a2

c f

15a5 5a 30a 6a5

7. Simplify a d

2a2b3 4a3b 12a2b4 6ab these expressions.

b e

5a2b4 2ab3 24a3b4 3a2b3

6a2b3 5a4b5

8. Simplify a

6a4b3 2ab

2a2bc2 6abc3 4ab2c

3abc 4a3b2c 6c2 9a2bc

9. Rewrite a

the following in index form.

b

t 2
3

m3
4

k2
5

x3

3 Expanding and factorising

1.

Expand these expressions.

a d

2(3 + m)

b e

3(2 4f ) 5a(3a2 2b)

t(t + 3)

k(k2 5)

2.

Simplify these expressions.

a d g

4t + 3t 3t t 3ab + 2ab

b e h

3d + 2d + 4d 2t 2 + 3t 2 7a2d 4a2d

c f

5e 2e 6y2 2y2

3.

Expand and simplify.

a c

4(3 + 2h) 2(5 + 3h) 5(5k + 2) 2(4k 3)

b d

5(3g + 4) 3(2g + 5) 4(4e + 3) 2(5e 4)

4.

Expand and simplify.

a c

t(3t + 4) + 3t(3 + 2t)

4e(3e 5) 2e(e 7)

b d

2y(3 + 4y) + y(5y 1) 3k(2k + p) 2k(3p 4k)

5.

Factorise the following expressions.

a d

6m + 12t 6ab + 9bc + 3bd

b e

3m2 3mp 8ab2 + 2ab 4a2b

4a2 + 6a + 8

6.

Expand the following expressions.

a d g

(x + 3)(x + 2) ( f + 2)( f 3) (x + 3)(x 3)

b e h

(m + 5)(m + 1) (x 3)(x + 4) (t + 5)(t 5)

c f i

(x + 4)( x 2) (y 2)( y + 5) (m + 4)(m 4)

What do you notice about your answers to g, h and i?

7.

Expand the following expressions.

e d

(2x + 3)(3x + 1) (6 + 5t)(1 2t)

b e

(5m + 2)(2m 3) (4 2t)(3t + 1)

(2a 3)(3a + 1)

8.

Expand the following squares.

e d

(x + 5)2 (3x + 1)2

b e

(m + 4)2 (x + y)2

(t 5)2

9.

Factorise the following.

e d g

x2 + 5x + 6 t 2 5t + 6 n2 3n 18

b e h

p2 + 14p + 24 c2 18c + 32 d2 + 2d + 1

c f

a2 + 8a + 12 p2 8p + 15

10.

Factorise the following expressions.

e c

2x2 + 5x + 2 6y2 + 33y 63

b d

24t2 + 19t + 2 6t 2 + 13t + 5

11. a

Solve the following equations. 4 5 + =2 x+1 x+2 3 4 =1 2x 1 3x 1 Simplify the following expressions.
b

18 1 =1 4x 1 x + 1

2x 1 6 =1 2 x+1

12. a

x2 + 2x 3 2x2 + 7x + 3
4x2 + x 3 4x2 7x + 3

4x2 1 2x + 5x 3
2

6x2 + x 2 9x2 4

4x2 25 8x 22x + 5
2

4 Changing the subject

1. T 2. A

= 3k

Make k the subject. Make r the subject. Make m the subject. Make r the subject. Make p the subject. Make d the subject.
a a

= 4r + 9 m 3. g = v
4. C 5. m

= 2r

= p2 + 2 1 6. A = d 2, 4
7. v 8. K

= u2 t = 5n2 + w

Make t the subject. Make w the subject.

b b

Make u the subject. Make n the subject.

9. Make a c 10.

the letter in brackets the subject of each formula. (x) (r)

b

3(x + 2y) = 2(x y)

p(a + b) = q(a b)

(b)

s(t r) = 2(r 3)

When two resistors with values a and b are connected in parallel, the total resistance is given by:

R=
a b 11. a

ab a+b

Make b the subject of the formula. Write the formula when a is the subject. Make x the subject of this formula. x+2 x2 y= 4 Show that the formula y = 1 + can be rearranged to give: x2 4 x=2+ y1 Combine the right-hand sides of each formula in part b into single fractions and simplify as much as possible. What do you notice?

12.

The volume of the solid shown is given by:

2 V = r 3 + r 2h 3

a b c

Explain why it is not possible to make r the subject of this formula. Make the subject. If h = r, can the formula be rearranged to make r the subject? If so, rearrange it to make r the subject.

5 Substitution
1. Find

the value of 4b + 3 when

a a

b = 2.5, x = 6, y = 2, x = 5,

b b b b

b = 1.5, x = 24, y = 4,
1 x = , 2

c c c c

1 b = . 2

2. Evaluate 3. Find 4. Find

x when 3
when 24 when x

x = 30. y = 6.
3 x = . 4

the value of the value of

a a

5. Where a

A = b2 + c2, find A when

b

b = 2 and c = 3,
A= 180(n 2) , find A when n+5

b = 5 and c = 7,

b = 1 and c = 4.

6. Where a

n = 7,
Z=

n = 3,

n = 1.

7. Where a

y +4 , find Z when 4+y

b

y = 4,

y = 6,

y = 1.5.

6 Proportion
In each case, first find k, the constant of proportionality, and then the formula connecting the variables.
1. T a

is directly proportional to M. If T = 20 when M = 4, find the following.

b

T when M = 3

M when T = 10

2. W a 3. Q a 4. X a

is directly proportional to F. If W = 45 when F = 3, find the following.

W when F = 5

F when W = 90

varies directly with P. If Q = 100 when P = 2, find the following.

Q when P = 3

P when Q = 300

varies directly with Y. If X = 17.5 when Y = 7, find the following.

X when Y = 9

Y when X = 30

5. The

distance covered by a train is directly proportional to the time taken. The train travels 105 miles in 3 hours.
a b

What distance will the train cover in 5 hours? What time will it take for the train to cover 280 miles? is directly proportional to x2. If T = 36 when x = 3, find the following.

6. T a

T when x = 5

x when T = 400

7.

W is directly proportional to M 2. If W = 12 when M = 2, find the following.

a

W when M = 3

M when W = 75

8.

E varies directly with . If E = 40 when C = 25, find the following. C

a

E when C = 49

C when E = 10.4

9.

X is directly proportional to . If X = 128 when Y = 16, find the following. Y

a

X when Y = 36

Y when X = 48

10.

P is directly proportional to f 3. If P = 400 when f = 10, find the following.

a

P when f = 4

f when P = 50

11.

In an experiment, the temperature, in C, varied directly with the square of the pressure, in atmospheres. The temperature was 20 C when the pressure was 5 atm.
a

What will the temperature be at 2 atm?

What will the pressure be at 80 C?

12.

The weight, in grams, of ball bearings varies directly with the cube of the radius measured in millimetres. A ball bearing of radius 4 mm has a weight of 115.2 g.
a b

What will a ball bearing of radius 6 mm weigh? A ball bearing has a weight of 48.6 g. What is its radius?

In each case, first find the formula connecting the variables.

13.

T is inversely proportional to m. If T = 6 when m = 2, find the following.

a

T when m = 4

m when T = 4.8

14.

W is inversely proportional to x. If W = 5 when x = 12, find the following.

a

W when x = 3

x when W = 10

15.

Q varies inversely with (5 t ). If Q = 8 when t = 3, find the following.

a

Q when t = 10

t when Q = 16

16.

M varies inversely with t 2. If M = 9 when t = 2, find the following.

a

M when t = 3

t when M = 1.44

17.

W is inversely proportional to . If W = 6 when T = 16, find the following. T

a

W when T = 25

T when W = 2.4

18.

The grant available to a section of society was inversely proportional to the number of people needing the grant. When 30 people needed a grant, they received $60 each.
a b

What would the grant have been if 120 people had needed one? If the grant had been $50 each, how many people would have received it?

19.

While doing underwater tests in one part of an ocean, a team of scientists noticed that the temperature in C was inversely proportional to the depth in kilometres. When the temperature was 6 C, the scientists were at a depth of 4 km.
a b

What would the temperature have been at a depth of 8 km? To what depth would they have had to go to find the temperature at 2 C?

20.

A new engine was being tested, but it had serious problems. The distance it went, in km, without breaking down was inversely proportional to the square of its speed in m/s. When the speed was 12 m/s, the engine lasted 3 km.
a b

Find the distance covered before a breakdown, when the speed is 15 m/s. On one test, the engine broke down after 6.75 km. What was the speed?

21.

The amount of waste which a firm produces, measured in tonnes per hour, is inversely proportional to the square root of the size of the filter beds, measured in m2. At the moment, the firm produces 1.25 tonnes per hour of waste, with filter beds of size 0.16 m2.
a b

The filter beds used to be only 0.01 m2. How much waste did the firm produce then? How much waste could be produced if the filter beds were 0.75 m2?

7 Solving equations
1.

Solve these equations. f e +2=8 5

d

x + 3 = 12 8

3y 1=8 2

2.

t x + 10 +3=1 e =3 5 2 Solve each of the following equations. Remember to check that each answer works for its original equation.
e c

2( x + 5) = 16

b d

2(3y 5) = 14 9(3x 5) = 9

x + 1) = 11

3.

Solve each of the following equations.

a d

2x + 3 = x + 5 3(2y + 3) = 5(2y + 1)

b e

7p 5 = 3p + 3 4(3b 1) + 6 = 5(2b + 4)

2(d + 3) = d + 12

Set up an equation to represent each situation described below. Then solve the equation. Remember to check each answer.
4. A

man buys a daily paper from Monday to Saturday for d pence. On Sunday he buys the Observer for 1.60. His weekly paper bill is 4.90. How much is his daily paper?

5. In a b

this rectangle, the length is 3 centimetres more than the width. The perimeter is 12 cm. What is the value of x? What is the area of the rectangle?

6. Mary

has two bags of sweets, each of which contains the same number of sweets. She eats four sweets. She then finds that she has 30 sweets left. How many sweets were in each bag to start with?

7. A

boy is Y years old. His father is 25 years older than he is. The sum of their ages is 31. How old is the boy? thought of a number. He then multiplied his number by 3. He added 4 to the answer. He then doubled that answer to get a final value of 38. What number did he start with?

8. Max

8
1.

Simultaneous equations
By drawing their graphs, find the solution of each of these pairs of simultaneous equations.
a

x + 4y = 8 xy=3 y=x+8 x+y=4 x y= +1 3 x + y = 11

y=x x + y = 10
3x + 2y = 18

y = 3x

2.

Solve these simultaneous equations.

a

4x + y = 17 2x + y = 9

3x + 2y = 11 2x 2y = 14

2x + 5y = 37

y = 11 2x

3.

Solve these simultaneous equations.

a

5x + 2y = 4 4x y = 11

2x + 3y = 19 6x + 2y = 22

5x 2y = 4 3x 6y = 6

4.

Solve these simultaneous equations.

a

2x + 5y = 15 3x 2y = 13

3x 2y = 15 2x 3y = 5

2x + y = 4

xy=5

3x + 2y = 2 2x + 6y = 13

3x y = 5

x + 3y = 20

Read each situation carefully, then make a pair of simultaneous equations in order to solve the problem.
5.

Amul and Kim have $10.70 between them. Amul has $3.70 more than Kim. Let x be the amount Amul has and y be the amount Kim has. Set up a pair of simultaneous equations. How much does each have? Three chews and four bubblies cost 72p. Five chews and two bubblies cost 64p. What would three chews and five bubblies cost? A taxi firm charges a fixed amount plus so much per mile. A journey of 6 miles costs 3.70. A journey of 10 miles costs 5.10. What would be the cost of a journey of 8 miles? When you book Bingham Hall for a conference, you pay a fixed booking fee plus a charge for each delegate at the conference. The total charge for a conference with 65 delegates was $192.50. The total charge for a conference with 40 delegates was $180. What will be the charge for a conference with 70 delegates? Solve these pairs of simultaneous equations.
a

6.

7.

8.

9.

xy = 2 y=x+1

xy = 4 2y = x + 6

10.

Solve these pairs of simultaneous equations.

a

x2 + y2 = 25 x+y=7

x2 + y2 = 9 y=x+3

x2 + y2 = 13 5y + x = 13

11.

Solve these pairs of simultaneous equations.

a

y = x2 + 2x 3 y = 2x + 1

y = x2 2x 5 y=x1

y = x2 2x y = 2x 3

9 Quadratic equations
1. Solve a d

these equations.
b

(x + 2)(x + 5) = 0 (x 3)(x 2) = 0

(x + 3)(x 2) = 0

(x 1)(x + 2) = 0

2. First a d

factorise, then solve these equations.

b e

x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 x2 + 4x + 4 = 0

x2 8x + 15 = 0 t 2 + 8t + 12 = 0

t 2 + 4t 12 = 0

3. First a

rearrange these equations, then solve them.

b

x2 + 10x = 24

x2 + 2x = 24

4. Solve

the following equations using the quadratic formula. Give your answers to 2 decimal places. 2x2 + x 8 = 0 4x2 + 9x + 3 = 0
b e

a d

x2 x 10 = 0
3x2 7x + 1 = 0

c f

7x2 + 12x + 2 = 0 4x2 9x + 4 = 0

5. The

sides of a right-angled triangle are x, (x + 2) and (2x 2). The hypotenuse is length (2x 2). Find the actual dimensions of the triangle.

length of a rectangle is 5 m more than its width. Its area is 300 m2. Find the actual dimensions of the rectangle. 3 7. Solve the equation x + = 7. Give your answers correct to 2 decimal places. x 8. On a journey of 400 km, the driver of a train calculates that if he were to increase his average speed by 2 km/h, he would take 20 minutes less. Find his average speed.
6. The 9. A

train has a scheduled time for its journey. If the train averages 50 km/h, it arrives 12 minutes early. If the train averages 45 km/h, it arrives 20 minutes late. Find how long the train should take for the journey.

10 Inequalities and graphs

1. Solve a

the following linear inequalities. 7

b

x+4

2x 3

x +4 2
3y 12 2(4x 1)

t 2 3

2. Solve a d

the following linear inequalities. 3x 5

b e

4x + 1 2x + 3

5t 3 5w 7

2t + 5 3w + 4

c f

y4
3(x + 4)

x+1

3. Solve a

the following linear inequalities.

x+4 2
4x 3 5

x3 5
3t 2 7

2x + 5 3 5y + 3 5

10

4. Write

down the inequality that is represented by each diagram below.

5. Draw a e

diagrams to illustrate the following. 3 1

b f

x x

x
2

x
1

x
3

6. Solve a e 7. a b 8. a b

the following inequalities and illustrate their solutions on number lines. 8 18

b f

x+4

x+5 x +3 2

3 2

c g

4x 2

12 8

d h

2x + 5

3 3

2(4x + 3)

x 2 5

x +5 3

Draw the line x = 2 (as a solid line). Shade the region defined by x 2.

Draw the line y = 3 (as a dashed line). Shade the region defined by y 3.

9. a Draw b c 10. a b c 11. a

the line x = 2 (as a solid line).

Draw the line x = 1 (as a solid line) on the same grid. Shade the region defined by 2

1.

Draw the line y = 1 (as a dashed line). Draw the line y = 4 (as a solid line) on the same grid. Shade the region defined by 1

4.

On the same grid, draw the regions defined by these inequalities.

i

ii

Are the following points in the region defined by both inequalities?

i

(2, 2)

ii

(1, 5)

iii

(2, 4)

12. a b c d e

Draw the line y = 3x 4 (as a solid line). Draw the line x + y = 10 (as a solid line) on the same diagram. Shade the diagram so that the region defined by y 3x 4 is left unshaded. 10 is left unshaded.

Shade the diagram so that the region defined by x + y

Are the following points in the region defined by both inequalities?

i

(2, 1)

ii

(2, 2)

iii

(2, 3)

11

13.

Pens cost 45p each and pencils cost 25p each. Jane has 2.00 with which to buy pens and pencils. She buys x pens and y pencils.
a b

Write down an inequality that must be true. She must have at least two more pencils than pens. Write down an inequality that must be true.

14.

Mushtaq has to buy some apples and some pears. He has 3.00 to spend. Apples cost 30p each and pears cost 40p each. He must buy at least two apples and at least three pears, and at least seven fruits altogether. He buys x apples and y pears.
a

Explain each of these inequalities.

i

3x + 4y

30

ii

iii

iv

x+y

Using a suitable scale draw four lines to show the inequalities in part a. Shade the unwanted regions.

c 15.

What is the maximum number of apples and pears which Mushtaq can buy?

A shop decides to stock only sofas and beds. A sofa takes up 4 m2 of floor area and is worth $300. A bed takes up 3 m2 of floor area and is worth $500. The shop has 48 m2 of floor space for stock. The insurance policy will allow a total of only $6000 of stock to be in the shop at any one time. The shop stocks x sofas and y beds.
a

Explain each of these inequalities.

i

4x + 3y

48

ii

3x + 5y

60

Using a suitable scale draw two lines to show the inequalities in part a. Shade the unwanted regions.

c 16.

What is the maximum number of sofas and beds which can be stocked?

The 300 pupils in Year 7 are to go on a trip to Adern Towers theme park. The local bus company has six 40-seat coaches and five 50-seat coaches. The school hires x 40-seat coaches and y 50-seat coaches.
a

Explain each of these inequalities.

i

4x + 5y

30

ii

iii

Using a suitable scale draw three lines to show the inequalities in part a. Shade the unwanted regions.

The cost of hiring each coach is $100 for a 40-seater and $120 for a 50-seater. Which combination of 40-seater and 50-seater coaches gives the cheapest option?

12

11Patterns and sequences

1. Look

carefully at each number sequence below. Find the next two numbers in the sequence and try to explain the pattern. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, numbers are found as follows.
b

a c

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36,

2. Triangular

Find the next four triangular numbers.

3. The

first two terms of the sequence of fractions 11 0 = =0 1+1 2

n1 are: n+1

n = 1:

n = 2:

1 21 = 2+1 3

Work out the next five terms of the sequence.

4. A
1 sequence is formed by the rule n (n + 1) for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 2 1 The first term is given by n = 1: 1 (1 + 1) = 1 2 1 The second term is given by n = 2: 2 (2 + 1) = 3 2

a b

Work out the next five terms of this sequence. This is a well-known sequence you have met before. What is it?

5. Find

the next two terms and the nth term in each of these linear sequences.
a d

3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 1, 5, 9, 13, 17,

b e

8, 13, 18, 23, 28, 2, 12, 22, 32,

5, 8, 11, 14, 17,

6. Find a d

the nth term and the 50th term in each of these linear sequences.
b e

4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26,

3, 8, 13, 18, 23, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33,

2, 10, 18, 26,

7. The

powers of 2 are 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,

This gives the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, The nth term is given by 2n.
a b

Continue the sequence for another five terms. Give the nth term of these sequences.
i ii iii

1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96,

13

8.

A pattern of squares is built up from matchsticks as shown.

a b c d 9.

Draw the 4th diagram. How many squares are in the nth diagram? How many squares are in the 25th diagram? With 200 squares, which is the biggest diagram that could be made?

A pattern of triangles is built up from matchsticks.

a

Draw the 5th set of triangles in this pattern. How many matchsticks are needed for the nth set of triangles? How many matchsticks are needed to make the 60th set of triangles? If there are only 100 matchsticks, which is the largest set of triangles that could be made?

b c d 10.A

school dining hall had tables in the shape of a trapezium. Each table could seat five people, as shown on the right. When the tables were joined together as shown below, each table could not seat as many people.

In this arrangement, how many could be seated if there were:

i

four tables?

ii

n tables?

iii

13 tables?

For an outside charity event, up to 200 people had to be seated. How many tables arranged like this did they need?

14

12 Interpreting graphs
1. This a

graph is a conversion graph between C and F.

How many F are equivalent to a temperature of 0 C? What is the gradient of the line? From your answers to parts a and b, write down a rule which can be used to convert C to F.

b c

2. This a b

graph illustrates charges for fuel.

What is the gradient of the line? The standing charge is the basic charge before the cost per unit is added. What is the standing charge? Write down the rule used to work out the total charge for different amounts of units used.

3. This

graph shows the hire charge for heaters over so many days. Calculate the gradient of the line. What is the basic charge before the daily hire charge is added on? Write down the rule used to work out the total hire charge.

a b

4. This

graph shows the length of a spring when different weights are attached to it. Calculate the gradient of the line. How long is the spring when no weight is attached to it? By how much does the spring extend per kilogram? Write down the rule for finding the length of the spring for different weights.

a b

15

5. Paul

was travelling in his car to a meeting. He set off from home at 7:00 am, and stopped on the way for a break. This distancetime graph illustrates his journey. At what time did he:
i ii iii

stop for his break? set off after his break? get to his meeting place?

At what average speed was he travelling:

i ii iii

over the first hour? over the second hour? for the last part of his journey? was travelling to Cornwall on his holidays. This distancetime graph illustrates his journey.

6. James

His fastest speed was on the motorway.

i ii

How much motorway did he use? What was his average speed on the motorway? When did he travel the slowest? What was his slowest average speed? and Paul had a 5000 m race. The distance covered is illustrated below.

b i ii

7. Richard a

Paul ran a steady race. What is his average speed in:

i ii

metres per minute? km/h?

Richard ran in spurts. What was his quickest average speed? Who won the race and by how much?

16

8. Three

friends, Patrick, Araf and Sean, ran a 1000 metres race. The race is illustrated on the distancetime graph below. Describe the race of each friend. What is the average speed of Araf in m/s? What is this speed in km/h?

b i ii

9. Calculate

the average speed of the journey represented by each line in the following diagrams.

13 Linear graphs and coordinates

1. Draw 2. Draw

the graph of y = 3x + 4 for x-values from 0 to 5 (0

5).

the graph of y = 2x 5 for 0 x 5. x 3. Draw the graph of y = + 4 for 6 x 6. 3

4. a b

On the same axes, draw the graphs of y = At which point do the two lines intersect? the gradient of each of these lines.

x x 1 and y = 2 for 0 2 3

12.

5. Find

17

6. Find

the gradient of each of these lines. What is special about these lines?

7.

Draw these lines using the gradient-intercept method. Use grids, taking x from 10 to 10 and y from 10 to 10.
a

y = 2x + 6

y=x+7

1 y = x 3 4

y=x+8

8.

Using the gradient-intercept method, draw the following lines on the same grid. Use axes with ranges 6 x 6 and 8 y 8.
i

y = 3x + 1

ii

y = 2x + 3

b 9.

Where do the lines cross?

Give the equation of each of these lines, all of which have positive gradients. (Each square represents 1 unit.)

18

10.

Give the equation of each of these lines, all of which have negative gradients. (Each square represents 1 unit.)

14 Quadratic
1. a

Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = 3x2 for values of x from 3 to 3.

x y
b c 2. a

3 27

1 3

2 12

Use your graph to find the value of y when x = 1.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 10. Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = x2 + 2 for values of x from 5 to 5.

x y = x2 + 2
b c 3. a

5 27

3 11

2 6

Use your graph to find the value of y when x = 2.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 14. Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = x2 2x 8 for values of x from 5 to 5.

x x2 2x 8 y
b c

5 25 10 8 27

3 9

2 4 4 8 8

Use your graph to find the value of y when x = 0.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 3.

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4. a

Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = x2 + 2x 1 for values of x from 3 to 3.

x x2 +2x 1 y
b c d

3 9 6 1 2

1 2

1 1

2 4 4 1 7

Use your graph to find the y-value when x = 2.5. Use your graph to find the values of x that give a y-value of 1. On the same axes, draw the graph of y =

x + 2. 2 x + 2 cross? 2

e 5. a

Where do the graphs y = x2 + 2x 1 and y =

Copy and complete the table for the graph of y = 2x2 5x 3 for values of x from 2 to 4.

x y
b 6. a

2 15

1.5 9

0.5

0 3

0.5 5

1.5

2.5 3

3.5

4 9

Where does the graph cross the x-axis? Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x2 + 4x for 5

2.

x x2 +4x y
b 7. a

5 25 20 5

2 4 8 4

1 1 4 5

Use your graph to find the roots of the equation x2 + 4x = 0. Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x2 6x for 2

x
8

8.

x x2 6x y
b

2 4 12 16

1 1 6 5

4 16 24 8

Use your graph to find the roots of the equation x2 6x = 0. Copy and complete the table to draw the graph of y = x2 4x + 4 for 1

8. a

5.

x y
b c

1 9

3 1

Use your graph to find the roots of the equation x2 4x + 4 = 0. What happens with the roots?

20

15Gradients and tangents

1. Draw

a graph of the curve y = x2 + 1.

Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c d

x=5 x=1 x = 2 x = 5
a graph of the curve y = x(x 3).

2. Draw

Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c d

x=5 x=3 x=0 x = 1.5

a graph of the curve y = x3 3.

3. Draw

Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c 4.

x=2 x = 1 x = 2

a b

Use the graph to find the gradient of the curve when x = 2. Write down the coordinates of the points where the gradient is zero.

21

5. Draw

a graph of the curve y = sinx for 0 < x < 360 .

Use your graph to find the gradient of the curve at the following points:
a b c 6. a b

x = 60 x = 90 x = 240
Draw a graph of the curve y = x2. Use your graph to complete the following table:

x gradient at x
c d

Use your table to find a formula for the gradient of the curve y = x2. What can you say about the formula for the gradient of the curve y = x2 + 1 and y = x2 1.

16 Functions
1.

Given that f(x) = x + 1 and g(x) = x2 find:

a b c d e f

f(2) g(2) fg(x) f1(x) fg1(x) gf1(x)

2.

State which values of x cannot be included in the domain of the following functions.
a b c

f : x 1/x g : x (x 5) 10 h:x (x + 1)

3.

The function f(x) is defined as f(x) = x(x 1).

a

Find i f(3) ii f(3)

Given that f(x) = 6, find the values of x.

22

4. Complete

the tables for the following functions and their inverses

f(x) = x+2 x 10 2x

f 1(x) =

3x 1/x 3 x sin x cos 1 x tan x

5. f(x) a

= x and g(x) = 3x2 + 4 for all values of x. Find i

f(100)

ii g(1) iii fg(2)

b

Find an expression for gf(x) in terms of x. function f(x) is defined as f(x) = 2 .. (x + 2)

6. The a b 7. f a

Given that f(x) = 5, find the value of x. Find f 1(x). 1 (x 1)

: x x3 and g : x Find i

fg(2)

ii gf(1)
b

Find i

fg(x)

ii gf(x) iii gg(x) giving your answer in its simplest terms

c

For each composite function in part b, state which values of x cannot be included in the domain.

23

17 Calculus
1. Differentiate: a b c d e f g h i j k

3x 7 5x + 11 x2 8x + 5 3x2 2x + 121 (x 1)(x + 5) (x 3)2 x3 + x2 + x 1 5x3 + 4x2 8x 17 x(x + 1)(x 4) 1/x + 2/x2 10/x + 4/x2 + 3/x3 7/x4 the gradient of the tangent at the given point on the following curves:

2. Find a b c d 3. A a b c 4. A a b c

y = x2 7x + 2 at the point where x = 5 y = x2 4x 21 at the point (2, 9) y = 3x2 + 5x 2 at the point (1, 4) y = (2x 1)(x + 1) at the point (0, 1) curve has the equation y = x2 6x + 11. dy Find . dx Find the gradient of the curve at the point with coordinates (4, 3). Find the coordinates of the turning point. curve has the equation y = x2 2x 8. dy Find . dx Find the coordinates of the turning point. Is this turning point a maximum or a minimum? Give a reason for your answer.

24

5. a

Differentiate with respect to x: y = x3 3x2 + 8

Hence find the coordinates of the minimum point on the curve. graph shows the curve y = 2x3 15x2 + 24x + 20.

6. The

a b c 7. A

dy . dx Find the gradient of the curve at A. Find Find the coordinates of the turning points at B and C. body is moving in a straight line which passes through a fixed point O.

The displacement, s metres, of the body from O at time t seconds is given by the formula: s = t(t 1)(t 2)
a b

Find an expression for the velocity, v m/s, at time t seconds. Find the acceleration after 3 seconds. temperature T of liquid after t seconds is given by the formula T = t2 11t + 28.

8. The a b 9. A

Find the rate of change of the temperature after 3 seconds. Find the time when the temperature is at its maximum. car is moving along a straight road. It passes a point O.

After t seconds its distance, s (in metres) from O is given by the formula s = 10(t t2) where 0 t 10.
a b c d

Find the time when the car passes through the origin again. ds Find . dt Find the maximum distance of the car from O. Find the speed of the car 4 seconds after passing O.

25

10.

A farmer wishes to make a rectangular pen for keeping sheep. She has 30 metres of fencing which she builds against the wall AB. She wants to make the area of the pen as large as possible.

If the width of the pen is x metres, show that the area y, of the pen is given by the formula: y = 30x 2x2

b c

Find the value of x for which the area is a maximum. Hence find the largest possible area of the sheep pen.

26