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Industry Standard Welding Procedures Software AWS, ASME and API Welding Codes

Modern Design Criteria for Stainless Steel Welding Consumables

by Vincent van der Mee & Jan Hilkes

CWA Welding Symposium, October 22, 2002 Toronto CWA Welding Symposium, October 22, 2002 Toronto
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Content Introduction Design Criteria Weld Metal Grades Slag Systems Properties Applications / Procedures

Introduction Stainless Steel World Production 1950-2000

20 18 16 million ton 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 year
3

600
Estimated Stainless Consumables Potential North America & Canada Europe 14.8 x 103 ton 23.8 x 103 ton

500 million ton

s les n tai S

400 300

Steel total

200 100 0

Introduction Share of consumables per process Process SMAW GMAW FCAW SAW Total Welding Stainless Steel Market Only 22 % 60 % 57 % 35 % 15 % 5% 6% <1 %

Weld Metal Grades Stainless Steel Base Materials Regular stainless steel
Austenitic, with up to 12 FN

Fully Austenitic Duplex & Superduplex Supermartensitic

5

Non N-alloyed Base Metal N-alloyed Base Metal Weld Metal Identification Supermartensitic EN / AWS X80-11Cr2Ni 22 9 3 NL / 2209 B X80-13Cr4.5Ni1.5Mo / X80-13Cr6Ni2.5Mo 25 9 4CuWNL / 2553 A (Super)Duplex X2CrNiMoN 22-5-3 22 9 3 NL sion 2209 / B corro ess A resistan 25-7-4 tr 25 9 4CuWNL / 2553 d X2CrNiMoNce to s Increase X2CrNiMoCuWN 25-7-4 25 9 4CuWNL / 2553 A Regular stainless steel X2CrNi18-9 X2CrNiN18-9 19 9 L / 308L C X6CrNiTi18-10 19 9 Nb / 347 D X2CrNi17-12-2 X2CrNiMoN17-12-2 19 12 3 L / 316L E X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 19 12 3 Nb / 318 F X2CrNiMo18-14-3 X2CrNiMoN17-13-5 18 16 5 NL / (4439) G 20 16 3 MnNL / (4455) H Fully Austenitic X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5 20 25 5 CuNL / 385 J X1CrNiMoN25-22-2 and 25eneral cor310Mo n K g 22 2 NL / rosio g sistance to pittin X1NiCrMoCu31-27-4e 27 31 4 CuL / 383 L Increased r X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 Ni6059 / NiCrMo-13 M 6 Ni6625 / NiCrMo-3 N

Weld Metal Grades Schaeffler Diagram

Weld Metal Grades WRC 92 diagram

WRC '92 Diagram
Ni Equiv. = %Ni + 35(%C) + 20(%N) + 0.25(%Cu) 17
A AF
4 10

Ferrite Number FN
20

FA
30 40

15

50 60

E
13

F B

70 80 90
100

D C
11

9 17 19 21 23 25 27 Cr Equiv. = %Cr + %Mo + 0.7(%Nb) 29 31

Weld Metal Design Criteria Controlled Ferrite content A controlled weldmetal ferrite content requires a balanced chemical composition Controlled ferrite for an E(R)316L type implies a ferrite content of 4 - 10 FN Too low ferrite increases the risk of hotcracking Too high ferrite increases the risk of embrittlement and/or preferential corrosion attack of the ferrite
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Weld Metal Design Criteria External requirements for E316L electrodes

AWS A5.4 %C % Si % Mn % Cr % Ni % Mo Ferrite (FN) 0.04 max. 0.90 max. 0.5-2.5 17.0-20.0 11.0-14.0 2.0-3.0 --EN 1600 0.04 max. 1.20 max. 2.0 max. 17.0-20.0 10.0-13.0 2.5-3.0 --Smitweld Standard 0.030 max. 0.4-0.9 0.5-1.1 17.0-19.0 11.0-12.5 2.7-3.0 4-10

Among investigated European and US suppliers, 6 out of 14 comply for -17 grades 10 out of 12 comply for -16 grades
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Weld Metal Design Criteria Horses for Coarses! The type of slag system to be used, depends on the required combination of: Weldability, Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Resistance AND Specific Application

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Weld Metal Design Criteria Balanced chemistry

Cr, Ni, Mo, Mn, Si, C, S, P, Cu, Nb, W & N, etc.

Weld metal to match or exceed base metal for CORROSION RESISTANCE.

Core-wire alloyed

Weld metal adapted to match or exceed base metal MECHANICAL properties. Free of detrimental phases
Carbides, sigma, etc.

Controlled ferrite content (FN)

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Weld Metal Design Criteria Flux types & Slag systems Vertical down
Fast freezing High rutile

Downhand fillets
Wettability Rutile / Silicate

All position
Weldability Mechanical properties Rutile / Basic Basic

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Weld Metal Design Criteria Coating composition vs Slag system

TiO2 SiO2 20-25 25-30 20-25 <5 <5 <5 CaCO3 CaF2 5-10 5-10 10-15 30-40 30-40 25-35 5-10 5-10 5-10 40-50 5-15 20-25 Na3AlF6 ------5-15 40-50 30-40

Rutile Rutile/Silicate Rutile/Basic Basic-Fluorspar -Cryolite -Combined

55-65 50-55 50-55 5-10 5-10 5-10

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Weld Metal Design Criteria

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Weld Metal Design Criteria Suitability of stainless steel electrode types

rutile Limarosta rutile/basic Arosta rutile/silicate Jungo basic Vertarosta

Appreciation

PA

PB

PF

PF

PG

Horizontal fill

Horizontal / vertical fillet

Vertical fill 16

Vertical up fillet

Vertical down fillet

Weld Metal Design Criteria Summary of stainless Steel Alloy Effects

ELEMENT Chromium PROMOTES Ferrite EFFECT ON PROPERTIES Improves general corrosion resistance and resistance to oxidizing environments Improves general corrosion resistance and resistance to reducing environments Increases strength, decreases corrosion resistance Increases strength, improves pitting resistance Improves hot cracking resistance, increases solubility of nitrogen Improves pitting a nd crevice corrosion resistance
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Nickel

Austenite

Carbon

Austenite

Nitrogen

Austenite

Manganese

Austenite or netural Ferrite

Molybdenum

Continued . . .

Weld Metal Design Criteria Summary of stainless Steel Alloy Effects

ELEMENT Niobium Silicon PROMOTES Ferrite Ferrite or neutral Ferrite Ferrite EFFECT ON PROPERTIES Forms stable carbonitrides to resist sensitization Improves wetting and flow, improves high temperature oxidation and carburization resistance Forms stabl e carbonitrides to resist sensitization Improves high temperature oxidation and carburization resistance Improves resistance to reducing environments. Can be used for precipitation hardening Improves machinability, promotes hot cracking Promotes hot cracking
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Titanium Aluminum

Copper

Austenite (weak) Neutral Ferrite

Sulfur Phosphorus

Weld Metal Design Criteria External requirements for E316L electrodes

Smitweld Standard %C 0.04 max. 0.04 max. 0.030 max. % Si 0.90 max. 1.20 max. 0.4-0.9 % Mn 0.5-2.5 2.0 max. 0.5-1.1 % Cr 17.0-20.0 17.0-20.0 17.0-19.0 % Ni 11.0-14.0 10.0-13.0 11.0-12.5 % Mo* 2.0-3.0 2.5-3.0 2.7-3.0 *some customer requirements 2.7-3.0 % Mo
Among investigated European and US suppliers, 5 out of 14 comply for -17 grades 3 out of 12 comply for -16 grades
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AWS A5.4

EN 1600

Properties Corrosion Resistance

As an indicator for the corrosion resistance we can use the PITTING RESISTANCE EQUIVALENT, being: PREN = %Cr+3.3x%Mo+16x%N

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Elements C Si

Effect negative positive

Reason Precipitation of carbides, resulting in Cr depletion Si stabilizes the passive film

Practical limitation Max. 0,03%

Properties Properties Properties Corrosion Resistance Corrosion Resistance Corrosion Resistance

Mn

negative

S Cr

negative positive

Mn rich sulphides act as initiation points for pitting. Mn may destabilize the passive film Sulphides (except Cr- and Ti-) tend to initiate pitting Cr stabilizes the passive film

Max. 2,0%, dueto its effect on structural stability and on nitrogen solubility Max. 2%, as high amounts might increase the risk for precipitation of intermetallics Max. 0,02% Max 25-28%, depending on Mo content. Higher contents increase the risk for precipitation of intermetallics Nickel is primarely ised to control the austenite content

Ni

negative

Mo

positive

With other elements constant, nickel dilutes the austenite with regard to N, which in turn decreases the PRE. When the alloy is very sensitive to precipitation of Cr-nitrides, nickel can have a positive effect. Mo stabilizes the passive film.

positive

N increases the PRE of the austenite significantly.

Cu W Ferrite

positive positive positive

Slight positive effect Similar effect as Mo Increased ferrite increases the N, Cr and Mo content of the austenite Precipitates with accompanying depletion of alloying elements Cr carbides and nitrides cause Cr depleted zones, which are selectively attacked in certain corrosive environments 21

Max. 4-5%, depending on Cr content. Mo enhances the precipitation of intermetallics Max. 0,15% in Mo-free DSS. Max 0,3 in 25Cr high Mo SDSS, and max 0,4% in 25%Cr SDSS with high Mn and Mo Max 2%, due to undesired hardenability Increases tendency to precipitation of intermetallics Too high ferrite content may cause precipitation of Cr carbides and nitrides

Intermetallics Cr-carbides / nitrides

negative negative

Properties Effect of heat-input on pitting corrosion SDSS

CPT (base metal) - CPT(weld)
30

high heat input (1.5-2.0 kJ/mm)

25 20 15 10 5 0 0 -5 1 2 3 4 5 6

low heat input (0.5-0.7 kJ/mm)

PREN(weld) - PREN(Base metal)

22

Properties Effect of Oxygen level on impact toughness

140

Impact (J) @ -40C

120 100

GTAW
80 60 40 20 0 0 200 400
23

GMAW Basic SAW, SMAW Rutile SMAW, SAW, FCAW

600

800

1000

oxygen content (ppm)

Stick Electrodes
General Corrosion Resistance 304L, 308L and 347 range
Arosta, Limarosta, Jungo, Vertarosta

Increased Pitting and General Corrosion Resistance 316L and 318 range
Arosta, Limarosta, Jungo, Vertarosta

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Stick Electrodes
Dissimilar Joints, Buffer Layers and Difficult Weldable Metals 308MoL, 309L, 309Nb, 309MoL, 329 and 312 range
Arosta, Limarosta, Jungo, Vertarosta

Dissimilar Steel Grades, Armour Plates E307 range

Arosta, Jungo

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Stick Electrodes
High Temperature Applications, Highly Oxidation Resistant 308H, 309H, 310 range
Arosta, Intherma

Highly Stress Corrosion Resistant in 22%Cr and 25%Cr (super) Duplex Stainless Steels and Supermartensitic Steels 2209, 2553 range
Arosta, Jungo, Zeron100
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Stick Electrodes
Special Corrosion Resistant Steels, with Increased Pitting Resistance in Oxidizing and Reducing Media
Pitting-, Intergranular-, Stress Corrosion , Chemical Tankers Arosta / Jungo 4439 Cryogenic, Non-magnetic Jungo 4455 Urea, Nitric Acid,Strong Oxidizing and Slightly Reducing Jungo 4465 Phosphoric, Sulphuric Acids, Paper Mill Plants Jungo 4500
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Applications / Procedures
Process Type of joint Filler material Coated electrodes 2,0 - 2,5 mm Comments Only when acceptable to have slag on inside

Full penetration root runs in pipe

SMAW

GTAW Rod 1,6 - 2,4 mm

Purging or welding on Cu or ceramic backing Good weld pool control Manual or mechanized Risk of overheating when manual In closed joints, addition of filler metal is required

GMAW-STT

Wire 1,0 - 1,2 mm

5G : mechanized 1G: Manual or mechanized low HI, improved corrosion resistance Only mechanized Requires solution annealing

PAW

No filler

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Applications / Procedures Chemical process installations

29

Applications / Procedures Chemical process installations

30

Applications / Procedures Chemical process installations

Base material 22Cr DSS (UNS 31803), consumables SMAW E2209-15, Jungo 4462
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Applications / Procedures Pipelines

32

Applications / Procedures Flow lines

33

Applications / Procedures Chemical tankers

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Welding Procedure Approval Record

Procedure Specificatio n
B ase ma t erial Welding p ro cesses Manual or mac hine Welding posit ion Filler metal (trade) Flu x Fille r metal classific. Shielding ga s[l/min] Bac king (gas) [l/min] Pur ging gasSAW C urrent / polarity Pr eheat temp. [C] Inter pa sstemp. [C] Postheat treatment Welder's name Labor ato r y Test N o. Remar k : s D uplex SS Grade 1.4462 A: GMAW - STT B: SAW Manual and mac hine 5G down and 1G (PG / PA) 1: LNM 4462 2: LNS 4462 P2000 EN760: A AF 2 63 DC 1: EN 12072: G 22 9 3 N L 2: EN 12072: S 22 9 3 NL 98Ar + 2% CO STT: Ar 99.99% N2 dr y DC + RT max. 140 N.A. D. R ema and J. Ter s its teeg DM 32 Spec ific ation -c ode: Stoomwe zen T220/T210; EN 288- 3 NAM N SS-60C-7- 02 Welding Current Amper e Volts BC: 95 PC: 260 2 3 4 5 B2 B2 B2 B2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 350 390 390 400 27.0 28.5 30.0 31.6 650 600 600 600 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ferrite Content (FN) BM Fa ce C entre Root H ardness Te st type : Vic ke r s BM 257 - 243 --248 - 236 73 - 74 --73 - 78 N.D. Speed [mm/min] H.I. [kJ/mm] - 20C 80 73 72 75
2

WPAR : Re v. : Ref. WPQ:

STT.008 2 95.048

Test Resu lts

R adiographic Examination: Visual Examination: R educed-section tension test Tensile strength [MPa] 17.7 x11.5 mm 779 MPa Ac ceptable Good Fr ac tur e loc ation Base mate rial

Welding procedures

All-weld-me tal tension test Yield point [MPa] : 15 12 - 15 Tensile strength [MPa] : Elongation, A5 [% ] : Reduc tion, Z [% ] : B end t est s Root Fa ce Side Impact t ests 20 x 15 20 x 15 10 x 15 ISO - V Former diameter: 180 180 180 [Joule] 3 xt + 3.8 xt No remar k s No remar k s No remar k s Test temp [ C]: . see below Requir ed 40 J oule av.

Flow Flow

Siz of spec imen: e 10 x 10 x 55mm Clw av.

Weld ing Procedure

Pa s s No. 1 C onsumable index [mm] A1 1.2

CTO D testing Notc h lo cation Temp. [C] C TOD value [mm] Frac tur e mode

90 - 150 0.5 - 1.0

Magne Gage method HAZ 91 - 91 - 89 - 99 99 - 79 - 99 - 82 93 - 98 - 99 - 98

Req. 30 - 99 WM 65 - 62 - 66 56 - 56 - 56 70 - 71

Joint D et ail

Load : 20 k g HAZ 256 - 257 - 268 - 269 255 - 266 - 263 - 274 277 - 288 - 264 - 274

Req. < 325 WM 245 - 261 - 258 252 - 249 - 254 278 - 260

Fa ce C entre Root

Corrosion test s Modified ASTM G48a 24 hours C PT > 30C We the under s igned, certify that the statementsin this r e cor d ar e correct. Manufactur er or C ontr actor Autho riz by ed Issued b y 35 D ate Linc oln Smitweld bv Nijmegen L.van Na ssau Fred N eessen 23 September 1995

Welding Procedure Approval Record

Procedure Specification
Base ma t rial e Welding pro ce s s se Manual o r machine Welding position Filler me t l (trade ) a Flux Filler metal cla s sific. Shielding ga s[l/min] Ba c k (gas) [l/min] ing Gouge method Cu rrent / polarity Preheat temp. [C] Inte rpass temp. [C] Po s theat treatment Welde r's name Laborato ry Tes No. t Welding equipment: 2205 duple x(1.4462 ) A: GMAW -STT B: GMAW-Pulse Manual PA (1G) 1: LNM Z eron 100X Radiographic Examination:

WPAR: Rev. :
Ref. WP Q :

Page 1 / 1 LNM 4462.01 0 W DR STT-17

Test Results
Acc eptable

Cross Tensile Tes t (reduced section) a t + 20C Tens s ile trength [MPa] Full cro s s s ection: 30 x25 mm 784 MPa All weld metal Tension tes t Yield point [MPa] : 15 15 Tens s ile trength [MPa] : Elongation, A5 [% ] : Reduction, Z [%] : Guided B end Tes ts Forme r diameter: Root satis facto ry, no defe cts Face satis facto ry, no defe cts Side -Impact Tes ts ISO-V [Joule] 3xt Fractu re location base material

Welding procedures

2: LNM 4462

N.A. 1: EN12072: G 25 9 4 N L 2: EN12072: G 22 9 3 N L 98Ar + 2% CO Argon 4.0 N.A. DC + RT ma x 100 . N.A. Arie van der Sluis & Dirk Rits ema BR 96 B STT - I Po w erwave 450
2

Flo w Flo w

Te te [C]: st mp. Root

- 40 av . 0 0 0 0

Siz of s e pecimen: 10 x10 x 55 mm Cap av . Clw 121 121 116 119 Fl Fl + 2 Fl + 5 CTOD testing 0 0 0 Temp. [C] CTOD v alue [mm]

Welding Procedure
Pas s No. 1 2 3+4 5+6 7 - 11 12 -14 Consumable index [mm] A1 1,0 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 Welding Cu rrent Ampe re Volts BC: 75 14 - 16 PC: 275 145 145 145 145 150 24 - 26 24 - 26 24 - 26 24 - 26 24 - 26

Speed H.I. Notch [mm/min] [k J/mm] location 120 (0,6 -0,8) 139 236 231 227 260 1,6 0,9 1,0 1,0 0,9

Fr actu re mode

Ferrite Content (FN) Face 1 Mid Root Face 2 BM 45 45 HAZ

see sketch

WM 36 32

HAZ

BM 46 45

Joint De tail

Hardness Survey Te s type: t Vic k rs e BM Face Root 256 259 HAZ 250 262

Load: 10 kg WM 285 279 HAZ 251 269 BM 260 255

Sketch

We ce rtify that the data in this report are actual te s re s t ults. Project Clarification test welding equipment Manufactu rer or Contra ctor Lin coln Smitweld b v Autho rized b y Issued by Date Mr. Ir. Leo van Nassau Fred Neessen 27 July 1999

36

Welding Procedure Approval Record

Procedure Specif icatio n
Base ma t erial Welding pr oc esses Manual o r mac hine Welding position Filler metal Flux Filler metal c lassific . Shielding gas [l/min] Bac king (gas) [l/min] Gouge method Current / polarity Preheat temp. [ C] Inte rpa s temp. [C] s Postheat treatment Welder's name Remar k : s 1.4462 A: GTAW B: SAW Manual and mac hine 1G (PA) 1: LNT 4462 2: LN S 4462 P 2000 , EN 760: A AF 2 63 D C 1: EN 12072: W 22 9 3 N L 2: EN 12072: S 22 9 3 N L Ar gon 4.0 Flow Ar gon Flow N.A. GTAW = DC - ; SAW = DC + min. 100 max. 150 N.A. Tiny Boumans 10 10

Page 1 / 2 WPAR: Rev. : Ref. WPQ: P2000.01 1 95.023

Test Resu lts

R adiographic-ultrasonic Examina tion: Reduced- section t ension t est Tensile str ength [MPa] C ap : Root : All-weld-met al tension test Yield point [MPa] : Tensile str ength [MPa] : Elongation, A5 [% ] : Reduc tion, Z [% ] : Side -bend t est s Root Fac e Impact t est s Size of specimen: Level 1 2 3 4 H.I. [kJ /mm] 1.8 2.18 1.93 2.0 1.32 1.44 1.57 1.67 ISO - V [J ] 10 x 10 x 55mm Test temp. [C]: RT St 1 601 775 30 Fr ac ture loc ation ac c eptable

Welding procedures
676 805 30 47

St 2 626 773 26

St 3

51 51 Former diameter:

P 2000, batc h F3053 LNT 4462, batc h 51469429 LNS 4462, batc h 51467032 W elded under fully r estr aint conditions

Clw 100 104 102 92 100 90 106 108 106 138 132 134

Fl + 0- 0.5 294 298 293 136 120 121 131 87 136 256 224 243

Fl + 2- 5 173 182 148 98 96 90 98 135 101 154 119 122 - 40 Fl + 2- 5

Weld in g Proced ure

Pass No. 1 2-4 5-7 8- 13 14- 21 22- 23 24- 54 55- 59 Con s umable index [mm] A1 A1 A1 A1 B2 B2 B2 B2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.2 W elding Current Ampere 85 - 90 106 115 120 350 450 450 450 Volts 12 12 12 12 32 32 32 34 Speed [mm/min] 35 35 43 43 50 - 52 60 55 55

Impact t est s Size of specimen: Level 1 2 3 4 79 73 111 77 C lw 86 73

ISO - V [J ] 10 x 10 x 55mm 91 72 91 113 93 81

Test temp. [C]:

Fl + 0- 0.5 86 83

76 83 80 295 295 295 92 91 98 220 260 272 HAZ BM

99 100 79 72

90 90 90 109 140 106

see sketch

Ferrit e Cont ent (FN ) BM HAZ Fac e 1 Mid Root Fac e 2 H ardness Test ty pe : Fac e 1 Mid Root

WM

Joint D et ail

see sketch

Vicker s WM

Load : HAZ
270-264-270-264-258

10 kg BM
236-236-236 228-232-232 236-233-232

242-258-258-251-254 264-258-268-274-264 274-274-274-274

258-264-258-262-268-264 285-285-279-279-274

Sket ch

W e the undersigned, c ertify that the statements in this r ec or d ar e c orrec t. Manufac tur er or C ontr ac tor Linc oln Smitweld and MPS/DSM Authoriz by ed Issued b y D ate

37

Bert C olaris from MPS/DSM Fr ed N eessen 4 June 1995

60? Procedure Specification 16

Base ma t rial e

Welding Procedure Approval Record

Radiographic Examination:

WPAR: Rev. : Ref. WPQ:

13Cr-018b 0

Test Results
No defects, A cceptable

20se Welding pro ce s s Manual o r machine

11 Cr-2,5 N s i upermart.s tainl.s teel A: GMAW - STT B: SAW SAW Manual and ma chine

Visual Examination: Good, smooth surf aces Cross Tensile Tes t (reduced section) Fractu re location 20,1 x19,0 mm 20,0 x19,3 mm Ten s strength [Mpa] ile 689 694 base me tal base me tal

Welding procedures

STT 1 Welding position 1G (PG / PA); STT at 2h pos. 20 -V60 -STT 5 Filler me t l (trade ) 1: LNM Zeron 100X 2: LNS SD2509 a Flux Filler metal cla s sific. Shielding ga s[l/min] Ba c k (gas) [l/min] ing Pu rging gas SAW Cu rrent / polarity Preheat temp. [C] Inte rpass temp. [C] Po s theat treatment Welde r's name Laborato ry Tes No. t Rema rks: Specification-code: BIL 13Cr project P2000 EN 760: A AF 2 63 DC 1: EN12072: G 25 9 4 N L 2: EN12072: S 25 9 4 N L 98Ar + 2% CO STT: Ar 99.99% N 2 dry DC + RT ma x 140 . N.A. D. R ema and T.Bou w its man s
2

All-weld-metal tension test Yield point Rp0,2[MPa] : 15 12 - 15 Tens s ile trength [MPa] : Elongation, A5 [% ] : Reduction, Z [%] : Bend tests Root Face Side Impact tests 680 871 27 54 678 869 29 49

Flo w Flo w

Forme r diameter:

ISO - V [Joule] Te te [C]: st mp. seebelo w Siz of s e pecimen: 10 x10 x 55mm Required 40 Joule n.loc./T WCL avg. FL avg. -20 face 61 65 65 64 51 61 50 54 root 57 51 52 53 51 54 40 48

Welding Procedure
Pas s No. 1 Consumable index [mm] A1 1.2 Welding Cu rrent Ampe re Volts BC: 95 PC: 260 2+3 4+5 6 -13 14 -16 B2 B2 B2 B2 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 200 300 350 300 30 30 30 30 650 600 600 600 0,6 0,9 1,1 0,9 N.D. Speed [mm/min] 90 - 150 H.I. [k J/mm] 0.5 - 1.0

CTOD testing Notch location WCL Temp. [C] -20 CTOD v alue [mm] 0,26 0,24 0,24 Fr actu re mode m

Ferrite Content (FN)

Magne Gage method WCL 40 42 49

Face Centre Root Hardness Te s type : t Vic k rs e BM 254-234 249-234 232-244

Joint De tail

Load : 20 k g HAZ 296-313 254-334 254-293

Req. < 325 WM 254 -293 260 -303 296 -299

Face Centre Root

Chem.comp. All weld metal sample LE-A1 C

0, 0 30

Mn
1, 0 2

Si

Cr
0, 6 21, 2 8 0

Ni
8, 7 0

Mo
2, 9 0

Cu
0, 2 0

V
0, 0 5

N
0, 2 2

We the undersigned, ce rtify that the s tatementsin this rec or d are co rre ct. Manufactu rer or Contra ctor Autho rized b y Issued by Date Lin coln Smitweld b v Nijmegen L.van N assau '21 -03 -2000

38

SUMMARY SMAW is still a popular welding process Depending on the application, various slag systems can be applied, such as rutile, rutile-silicate, rutile-basic or true basic Weldmetal chemical composition must be related to the required corrosion and in some applications, mechanical properties Mo is vital for corrosion resistance and should have a decent minimum value Ferrite content must be controlled
39