1.What is amplifier? An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal.

Amplifiers are used in wireless communications and broadcasting, and in audio equipment of all kinds. They can be categorized as either weak-signal amplifiers or power amplifiers. 2.What is current? Current is a flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron- deficient atoms. The common symbol for current is the uppercase letter I.

3.What is common emitter amplifier? A BJT circuit in which the emitter connection is common to both input and output. 4.What is Voltage Voltage is the potential energy that makes the electrical current flow in a circuit by pushing the electrons around. The unit of voltage is volt shown as 'v'. 5.what is amplification The word amplification refers to the addition of increasing magnitude like that of voltage, current and power 6.Diode Application All rights reserved. The Si diode has a breakdown voltage of 20V which will stay off state when the apply voltage is less than. 20V. So will protect the red LED. 7. What is ce amplifiers? A: REFERS TO A common emitter amplifier 8. What is the Advantages of CE amplifier? it can achieve the highest voltage gain 9. Why does a CE amplifier have a high gain? GAIN is a function of load current but basically a small current in the base will make a big change of collector current therefore making a transistor a voltage amplifier as opposed to a current... 10. Why is ce amplifiers preffered over cb amplifiers? yes because efficiency and application specify is more improve 11. Why ce is most popular amplifier circuit? because it has high input impedance and low output impedance and current amplification factor is more than cb and cc amplifier (20-500 ).That means te output current is more than that of the input by...

12.What are the advantages of CE amplifier?

more current amplification more voltage amplification efficiency more input resistance high output resistance low

13. Why CE amplifier is widely used for amplification purpose?

the purpose of the amplifier is to make the sound from the speakers louder then it actually is i know i have 2 2000 watt amplifiers and 4 12inch subs in my bronco

14. Explain how the CE amplifier is producing 180 Phase Shift?

When input voltage is increased, then, Ib is increased and Ic is also increased. Since Rc is between Vcc and Collector, the voltage drop across Rc is increased. Thus, collector-to-ground voltage is decreased. In a similar fashion, when input voltage is decreased, collector-to-ground voltage is increased.

15. What are the advantages of Common source amplifier?

Due to high input impedence curret gain is high

16. What is the type of capacitor used in RC coupled amplifier for a) coupling two
phases b) by pass emitter

Ans. Generally electrolytic capacitors are used 17. What is signal source used for experiment of an RC coupled amplifier and how much maximum voltage it could give

Ans. A function generator with 1 MHz highest frequency 0-30 V P P output is used in sine wave mode
18. What is the pin configuration on bread board used in the lab Ans. In the bread boards there are two rows of horizontally shorted pin bank on top and bottom, there are vertically shorted rows of pins in two halfs up and down from the center of the bread board. 19. For Class A amplifier How do you bring operating point of amplifier at center of supply voltage Ans. By adjusting the value of resistor used from base to supply. If Vc < Vcc/2 base resistor is increased and if Vc > Vcc/2 it is decreased

20. What are the transistors used in complementary push pull experiment give type number Ans. A matched pair of NPN (CL100 or SL100) and PNP (CK100 or SK100) used. Matching can be done by testing above in diode position of DMM for same drop and HFE sockets of NPN, PNP for . 21. How do you determine AC power output in class A amplifier i.e., do you measure current or voltage and how? Ans. P-P voltage is measured using CRO since AC current cannot be measured. 22. How much current do you pass through reference zener in series regulated power supply experiment Ans. Iz min approximately equal to 5 mA is used. 23. In shunt regulator how is the value of resistor between base and emitter of shunt transistor determined Ans. VBE = 0.7 V, Resistor between BE = 0.7 / Iz min. practically 100 is used 24. How do you determine Q of oil used in tuned amplifier experiment Ans. Q = L /Rs where is Resonant frequency; R is series resistance of coil 25. What is the transistor used in shunt regulator and what is its Case style Ans. NPN transistor SL100 is used the case style is TO2 26. Name one NPN and PNP transistors we have used in ECA lab Ans. BC 107 NPN, CK 100 PNP 27. What ammeter do you need to measure DC power to class C amplifier (DMM, Analog coil meter or Analog moving iron meter) Ans. Analog coil meter 28. What is the input resistance of oscilloscope you have used Ans. 1 M, 1 % 29. What is the lamp used on all instruments to show presence of mains Ans. In all modern equipment LED(Light emitting diode) is used in various colors

30. What is the color code for 1.2 M 10 % resistor Ans. Brown, Red, Green, Silver 31. For connection on bed board did you use single strand or multi strand wire. Ans. single strand wire 32. How do you check a transistor in DMM Ans. Transistor contains BE and CB diode junctions. These can be tested in DMM in diode check position. Positive lead of DMM gives positive voltage and black negative 33. Name the type of digital display on the DMM you have used in the lab Ans. 3 digit LCD display 34. What is the type of voltage stabilizer used in the lab to ensure constant AC power

Ans. Servo controlled voltage stabilizer with 5 KVA rating is used

35. What is the color code 820 5 % Ans. Gray, Red, Brown, Gold 37. How do you adjust the input signal for class AB operations Ans. Input is adjusted for initially no distortion. Gradually it increased such that there is flattening on top or bottom. 38. When you touch CRO input by hand very large signal appears on screen. What signal is it? Ans. The signal is 50 cycles mains (HUM) picked up by body 39. What is the resistance a good fuse show? Ans. A good fuse shows 0 or very few resistance 40. What is the color code 680 K20% Ans. Blue, Gray, Brown

41.What are tuned amplifiers?

An amplifier in which the load is a tuned circuit; load impedance and amplifier gain then vary with frequency.

42.what is oscillator?
An oscillator is a mechanical or electronic device that works on the principles of oscillation: a periodic fluctuation between two things based on changes in energy. Computers, clocks, watches, radios, and metal detectors are among the many devices that use oscillators.

43.What is Ohm's Law? Definition

Ohm's Law is the mathematical relationship among electric current, resistance, and voltage. The principle is named after the German scientist Georg Simon Ohm.

44.what is ampere?
An ampere is a unit of measure of the rate of electron flow or current in an electrical conductor. One ampere of current represents one coulomb of electrical charge (6.24 x 1018 charge carriers)

45.what is current?
Current is a flow of electrical charge carriers, usually electrons or electron-deficient atoms. The common symbol for current is the uppercase letter I. The standard unit is the ampere

46.what is electron?
An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle. It can be either free (not attached to any atom), or bound to the nucleus of an atom.

47.what is resistance?
Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current. It is represented by the uppercase letter R. The standard unit of resistance is the ohm,

48.what is voltage?
Voltage, also called electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field. 49.what is frequency? For an oscillating or varying current, frequency is the number of complete cycles per second in alternating current direction. The standard unit of frequency is the hertz 50.what is semiconductor? A semiconductor is a substance, usually a solid chemical element or compound

51.what is signal? In electronics, a signal is an electric current or electromagnetic field used to convey data from one place to another.to another. 52.what is transistor? The transistor, invented by three scientists at the Bell Laboratories in 1947, rapidly replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic signal regulator. A transistor regulates current or voltage flow and acts as a switch or gate for electronic signals. 53.what is bipolar transistor? A bipolar transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used for amplification. The device can amplify analog or digital signals. 54.what is capacitor? A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores energy in the form of an electrostatic field.

1. Define linear wave shaping?

Ans. The process where by the form of a non-sinusoidal signal is altered by transmission

through a linear network is called linear wave shaping

2. When does the low pass circuit act as integrator?

Ans. When the time constant of an RC low-pass circuit is very large in comparison with the time required for the input signal to make an appreciable change, the circuit acts as an integrator.

3. When does the high pass circuit acts as a differentiator?

Ans. The high-pass RC circuit acts as a differentiator provided the RC constant of the circuit is very small in comparison with that required for the input signal to make an appreciable change.

4.In the fig.1 if reference voltage is 0v then what will be the output?
Ans. If the reference voltage is 0v,then the whole positive peak is clipped off and only the negative peak is appeared at the output.

5.What are the other names for the clippers?

Ans. Clippers are also called as amplitude limiters, slicers, voltage limiters

6. What is a clamper?
Ans. Clamping circuits are circuits, which are used to clamp or fix the extremity of a periodic wave form to some constant reference level . 7. Give some practical applications of clamper. Ans. Horizontal section in TV to separate the sync signals, Voltage doubler circuits.

8. What is the purpose of shunt resistance in clamper?

Ans. If the amplitude of the input signal is decreased after the study state condition has been reached, there is no path for the capacitor to discharge. To permit the voltage across the capacitor to discharge. It is necessary to shunt a resistor across C, or equivalently to shunt a resistor across diode..

9. What are the universal gates? Why they are called universal gates?
Ans NAND and NOR gates are called universal gates, because using these two gates we can realize all other logic gates.

10. What is the other name of the EX-NOR gate?

Ans. Equalence Gate

11.Define stable state ?

Ans Stable state of a binary is one in which the voltages and currents satisfy the kirchhoffs laws and are consistent with the device cheracteristics and in which,in addition, the condition of the loop gain being less than unity is satisfied.

12.Define quasi stable state ?

Ans It is temporary state , after predefined time circuit comes to steady state.

13. What do you mean by a bistable circuit?

Ans. A bistable circuit is one which can exist indefinitely in either of two stable states and which can be induced to make an abrupt transition from one state to the other by means of external excitation.

14. What are the other names of a bistable multivibrator?

Ans. Ecless Jordan circuit, Trigger circuit, Scale-of-2, Toggle circuit, Flip flop, Binary.

15. What do you mean by triggering signal?

Ans. The triggering signal is employed to induce a transition from one state to other is either a pulse of short duration of step voltage

16. What are the other names of sampling gates?

Ans. Linear gate ,tranmision gate.

17. What do you meant by pedestal?

Ans. Pedastal is the base voltage in the output on which the input siganal is superimposed.

18. What are the applications of sampling gates?

Ans. Multiplexers, Sample &Hold circuit, digital to analog converter

19. What is the other name of the Schmitt trigger?

Ans Emitter coupled Binary

20. What are the applications of the Schmitt trigger?

Ans Amplitude Comparator, Squaring circuit

21. Define the terms UTP & LTP?

Ans. UTP is defined as the input voltage at which Q1 starts conducting, LTP is defined as the input voltage at which Q2 resumes conduction