By Paul Barnett

Beginning Access Database Macros ............................................................... 3 What is an Access macro? ....................................................................... 3 The macro designer .................................................................................. 4 Creating our first macro ............................................................................ 6 A macro to filter a form by a value ............................................................ 6 Create a macro to copy and back up an object....................................... 10 Create a macro to open a form and move to a blank new record ........... 14 Create a macro to find a record in a form ............................................... 16 Macro conditions..................................................................................... 19 Create a macro to open a report ............................................................. 21 Create a macro to open a form with criteria ............................................ 25 Create a macro to import a text file ......................................................... 28 Summary ....................................................................................................... 33

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Beginning Access Database Macros

For beginners of Microsoft Access databases VBA programming can be a daunting task. Fortunately Access offers an alternative in the shape of macros.

What is an Access macro?

A macro can best be thought of as an action or group of actions which can perform a database related operation. For example we can create a macro for opening a form, printing a report or automating many other tasks. We can create a single macro containing a set of actions or a macro group. We can also add conditions to our macros in order to provide greater flexibility. One complaint of MS Access macros has always been that they do not have any error checking. This is not now an issue with newer versions of Access 2007 onwards. Another issue is that if a macro fails it does not offer a good enough explanation. We get the standard Access macro error messages and cannot add our own.

Apart from the issues mentioned, Access macros enable us to create some powerful functionality. This guide will enable you to get started and experience the power of MS Access macros.

The macro designer

Lets create a new macro. Go to the database window and select the Macros option.

Now select the new option.

You will now see the macro designer window.

There are 3 columns shown Macro Name Action Comment

You can also add another column by going up to the view menu and selecting conditions.

So now you get

Lets now go over what each column is used for. Macro Name As the title suggests this is where we give the macro a descriptive name. Condition This is where you specify what conditions the macro needs to meet when executed. For example a condition could be - does the order have an order number? If it does, then execute the macro actions. Action This is the macro task to be performed. For example CopyObject will copy an object such as a table or query to the current or another database. Comment A description of what the macro actually does. This is optional, but can be handy for a new developer working on an existing system.

Creating our first macro A macro to filter a form by a value

I have created and saved a query which filters records on my form by country. The country is set to Germany.

I have called the query Country Filter.

Back at the macro designer window. In the macro name section I have typed in CountryFilter.

I am not adding anything in the condition section. In the action section I select the ApplyFilter action.

This brings up some properties at the bottom of the macro window.

In filter name I now enter the name of the saved query.

Save the macro as Macro1. Close the macro designer window.

On my form I create a new command button using the wizard. I select the miscellaneous category and the run macro action.

I now select the macro I want to use behind the button. Notice it gives the macro name and the action within it.

So now I have wired up my macro to a button on a form. When the button is clicked my macro will fire and will apply a filter to the form for all records in Germany.

We have our Macro1 saved which applies the filter.

We could set up more macros and call them Macro2,3,4,5 etc. However, it is better to set up a macro group to hold more than one macro. Each one is identified and called by name.

Create a macro to copy and back up an object

I am now going to use the CopyObject macro action. This action will copy objects such as tables and queries to the same or another database. I select the original macro I used and go into design mode again. Under the macro name column I enter a new macro name BackUpObject. I also select the CopyObject macro action.

At the bottom of the window I set the following:

Destination database is where I want the object saved. I enter a path here to the database. New name is any new name I want to give to this object. As I am making a backup in another database I called it Customers_BK. In the source object type tell it the type of object you are selecting. In this case my type is a table. The source object name will be the current name of the object in the database. In this case it is my customers table. You may also want to back up additional tables. The procedure would be the same. Just add more CopyObject actions to this group.

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Ive also added my orders table in, so now I have two CopyObject actions.

Ive also added a message box action to display a message when the operation is complete.

The message I want displayed is Backup is complete. I now save and run the macro.

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I create a simple form with a command button.

Right click on the button and select Build Event.

Now select code builder and click ok.

The code window will appear. My procedure looks like the following. Private Sub Command0_Click() DoCmd.RunMacro ("Macro1.BackupObject") End Sub

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The line that calls the macro is DoCmd.RunMacro ("Macro1.BackupObject") Macro1 is the name of the saved macro shown in the database window. BackupObject is the name of the group inside the macro1 that contains the actions. The other groups will not be run, only the one referred to in the code above. When the macro has finished running the message specified in the macro is displayed.

And in my external database the tables have been saved. Customers_BK Orders_BK

Objects such as forms and reports can also be copied by using the CopyObject action.

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Create a macro to open a form and move to a blank new record

In this example I am going to cover the OpenForm and GoToRecord actions. The OpenForm action has the following properties. I enter the form to open in the macro Customers.

The view is Form. You could also open it as a datasheet, print preview, design etc. Next I use the GoToRecord action. Set the object type to be form. The object name is the name of the form, in this case Customers. Set record to new.

I now set a name of FormNavigate for this macro group.

Save the macro.

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I now go to my form in design view. Bring up the form properties and look for the event called On Open. Click the down arrow and select the macro and macro group. Here I select Macro1.FormNavigate.

Save and run the form.

The form opens at a brand new blank record, ready for inputting information.

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Create a macro to find a record in a form

We will often want to locate records in our forms. I will show you a cool way of doing this by using a macro. We will be covering the GoToControl and FindRecord actions. The first thing to do is go into the design view of the form and add a new combo box control using the wizard. I fill it with the item I want to search on, in this case customer id. This happens to be the primary key of the customers table. I name the combo box cboFindCustomer.

Now lets go back to the macro design window.

Create a new macro and call it LocateRecord.

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Select the GoToControl action. The properties below ask for the control name that the focus is to be moved to. It will be the control that holds the data you wish to locate.

Going back to my form, the control name is the CustomerID field.

Now go back to the macro design window and select the FindRecord action.

The properties for this action are:

In the Find What line I enter the name of my combo box. I also enter the column that holds the data I want to search for. The row source of my combo box is: SELECT Customers.CustomerID, Customers.CompanyName FROM Customers ORDER BY [CompanyName]; My combo box contains the ID at position 0 and the company name at position 1 so I select =[cboFindCustomer].[column](0). Remember to enter the equals (=) sign at the start of the line.

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Now save the macro.

Go to the form design view and right click on the combo box to bring up the properties. Look for the After Update event.

Select the macro Macro1.LocateRecord. As soon as an item is selected from the combo box the After Update event is fired. The form will move to the record you selected from the combo box.

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Macro conditions
A conditional macro is only launched if a particular condition is met. Here I have added a new macro called ConditionTest.

In the condition column it is saying if the unit price is greater than 20, then display a message box.

The message box says Unit Price is greater than 20! Lets now test this in a form. I add a new command button.

I then select the new macro Macro1.ConditionTest.

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I run the form and move through each record. If I click the button on a record where the unit price is greater than 20, then the macro condition is met and the message is displayed.

We could quite easily change this to run on the On Current event of our form. For example, we could display a message to the user saying the value they enter has to be between a certain range. As soon as they try to move to a new record the On Current event is fired and the condition tested.

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Create a macro to open a report

Ive created a form with an option frame using the wizard. When I click one or the other of the options the report will either open in print preview mode or start printing.

I call the option frame fraOptions.

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Lets go back to the macro design window.

I call the new macro PrintReport. The condition is: 1=[fraOptions] Recall my option frame is called fraOptions. This action says, if option 1 is clicked then open the report in print preview mode. The properties of the action allows us to enter the report to print and select how we wish to view it.

The next line uses the action StopMacro. This does what it says and stops the macro. Notice the condition has 3 dots. This says continue to run the action on that line. Once the condition is satisfied this line with the 3 dots is run StopMacro. The next line has no condition and just an action of OpenReport. Think of this as being similar to an else condition. If true then do this Else do this

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What we are saying is, if the condition is met then execute the action, and the actions that have 3 dots next to them. Otherwise, if the condition is not met, go and execute the other action OpenReport. The other OpenReport action opens the report for printing.

Back at the form design, right click the option frame and select the On Click event. This is where the macro will be attached. Select the macro Macro1.PrintReport.

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Save and run the form. When the first option is clicked the macro condition is met and the action is executed. The report opens in preview mode.

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Create a macro to open a form with criteria

A macro can be used to open a form. The opened form can be filtered to a condition on the calling form. In this example I have a suppliers main form which contains a command button for products. When this button is clicked it will open the form containing the related products for the supplier.

I create a new macro called OpenProducts. Select the action OpenForm.

The condition I will be using is: [SupplierID]=[Forms]![OurSuppliers]![SupplierID] This says open the form called ProductList where its SupplierID matches the SupplierID on the suppliers form.

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The properties of the OpenForm are:

The form name to open is ProductList. The view is Form. The condition is [SupplierID]=[Forms]![OurSuppliers]![SupplierID] Save the macro.

I now attach the OpenProducts macro to the click event of the command button.

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Now when I click the command button on a record it opens the form with the related products.

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Create a macro to import a text file

Imagine you receive data in a text file format and want to bring it into an Access database. The file may arrive on your server overnight. Wouldnt it be nice if Access could be used to import the file and have it ready for users to view in the morning? Ill demonstrate a sequence of macro actions to import a text file.

I create a new macro name ImportData. The first action to use is SetWarnings. This action turns off the Access warning messages. For example, when we run a query Access tells us that it is about to append, update etc a certain number of records. We have to answer yes or no to continue. We will not get these messages if we turn SetWarnings to off. At the bottom of the screen for the SetWarnings macro actions, set Warnings On to No.

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This is how my CSV text file looks. "REVIEW_DATE","AUTHOR","ISBN","DISCOUNTED_PRICE" "1985/01/21","Douglas Adamson",0564391802,3.95 "1990/01/12","Douglas Hofmeister",0465767026567,7.95 "1998/07/15","Timothy ""The Knowledge"" Williams",0219648411304,11.99 "1999/12/03","Richard Frien",0434360630353,2.95 "2001/09/19","Karen Angel",0345676384563,9.95 "2002/06/23","Bruce Smith",0434198504691,19.95 "2002/06/23","Jackie Hyton",083618057072,13.50 "2003/09/30","Mandy West",0933740721909,2.97 "2004/10/04","Hugh Taggart",77608064818088,2.79 "2004/10/04","Ruth Simpson",054087975572775,3.25

Create a table to hold the import data and set all fields to have a text data type. I have named my table BookImport. The field names have the same names as the field names in the CSV text file.

Create a delete query to clear out the previous import data from the table. This query deletes all records from my BookImport table.

I name this query Book_Delete. 29

Back at the macro design window, select the action called OpenQuery. At the bottom of the screen for the OpenQuery macro action I set the query name to Book_Delete.

Now I am going to create another action. I select the TransferText text action.

At the bottom of the screen for the TransferText macro action, the transfer type should be set to Import Delimited. The table name is set to BookImport. The file name is a path to the location of the CSV text file. I set Has Field Names to be yes. I create another table called Books and this time I set the proper data types for the fields.

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I now create an append query to append the imported data to this new table called Books. This query is called qryBooksAppend.

The last column contains a new field.

It basically sets todays date to the DateOfImport field in the table it is appending to. This way I know when the import was done. Back at the macro design window I am going to create another action. I select the action called OpenQuery. At the bottom of the screen for the OpenQuery macro action, I set the query name to qryBooksAppend.

I am almost there. There is just one final step left to do. Because we initially turned all warnings off, we now need to turn them back on again. On a new line select the SetWarnings macro action.

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At the bottom of the screen for the SetWarnings macro action set Warnings On to Yes.

So now I have created the macro, the set of steps are:

. I now attach the macro to a command button.

So now when I run the macro the table is filled with the imported CSV file.

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The complete list of macros covered in this tutorial are as follows:

Summary
Macros are an important feature of MS Access. We can enhance our applications by using macros when necessary. For beginners who do not want to go near a programming language, macros offer an easier alternative. I hope you enjoyed this introduction to the power of MS Access macros.

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2010 Paul Barnett. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced without permission.

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