Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Beijing, China, March 2327, 2009

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An Improvement to Decrease the Eect of Handset Internal Components on a Dual Band PIFA Performance
M. Pasandehmanesh, D. Arefan, and M. A. Ebrahimi-Ganjeh Electrical Engineering Department, Sadjad Institute of Higher Education, Iran

Abstract This paper presents a dual band planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) which has
been designed to get less eect of handset internal components than previous ones in 900 and 1800 MHz. The applied technique based on decreasing the space between radiation plane and ground plane in some parts of the antenna. Two shapes of a handset ground plane, as well as the antenna alone are examined. VSWR and radiation pattern of the antenna has been computed, and compared in each case. All numerical simulations are performed using the Ansoft HFSS software. 1. INTRODUCTION

In the early 20th century, wireless telecommunication hardware was so heavy and large that their equipments would occupy a car carrying the device. Furthermore, the required power to operate these systems was too high, which would lead to a very poor battery life. However, the advent of microelectronics held a revolution in the mobile communication technologies. With this revolution, mobile communication devices became lighter and smaller, and consumed less power to operate [1, 2]. Nowadays, the spread of mobile communications technologies is really remarkable and the handsets are reduced in sized as much as possible. It is well-known that the most signicant factor in decreasing the size of a handset is reducing the dimension of its antenna, yet maintaining the good radiation performance. A mobile handset consists of internal components such as a PCB (that may roll as a ground plane), a battery, a locking member for securing the battery, etc. In fact, the various types of these components from handset to handset can remarkably aect the antenna radiation characteristics [35]. For instance, [3] presents results from a comprehensive investigation on the performance of a conventional PIFA mounted on ground planes with various shapes and sizes. It has been shown there is signicant impact of ground plane size of more than 0.4 on any radiation characteristics of the PIFA. [4] investigates a modied ground plane to design ultra thin PIFA. It oers a slotted meandered ground plane to gain this specication. It is seen in [5], depending on size and situation, the presence of other components around the antenna may damage the antennas total radiated power to the far eld, and also increase the VSWR quantity. Furthermore, a modied miniature antenna in [6], which operates at 2.45 GHz, exhibits low coupling to the PCB. The main purpose of this paper is designing a dual band PIFA antenna for various mobile phones with any size and any shape. Therefore, it should get less eect of other handset internal components to be able to work independent from the type of the handsets. This antenna is designed to be used in 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, the typical frequencies in the mobile communication. This antenna also includes other advantages of PIFAs, such as low prole, easy fabrication, etc.
2. DESIGNED ANTENNA

Figure 1 shows the dual band PIFA antenna designed by this paper in the presence of a typical ground plane. In addition to this, the details of the antennas structure are depicted in Fig. 2. The applied technique, which supports the idea of this paper, based on decreasing the space between radiation and ground plane in some parts of the antenna [6], which is well seen in the gures. For more studies of the radiation performance in presence of any handset internal components around the antenna, two more other structures have been considered covering this purpose. One without presence of the phone ground plane and the other with presence of both the phone ground plane and the battery, as shown in Fig. 3.
3. RESULTS

Figure 4 and Fig. 5 illustrate the computed VSWR in various cases considered in Section 2 around 900 and 1800 MHz. Normalizing to 900 and 1800, It is seen that there is less than 5% variations

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PIERS Proceedings, Beijing, China, March 2327, 2009

Figure 1: Dual band PIFA antenna in presence of the phone ground plane (phone box).

Figure 2: The dimensions and the details of designed antenna in Fig. 1.

Figure 3: (a) Antenna with phone box and a component like battery; (b) Antenna without phone box.

in the frequency resonances of the designed antenna when the battery is added or even when the handset ground plane is totally removed. Therefore eect of the handset internal components on the frequency resonances at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz can be neglected. Moreover the variation of the bandwidth except in the one case (900 MHz without ground plane) can be neglected. Radiation patterns of the antenna are shown in Fig. 6. It can be seen the variations of the radiation patterns can be neglected when the battery is added. However the presence of the handset ground plane has great eect on the radiation patterns, which was predictable (it plays reector roll).

Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Beijing, China, March 2327, 2009

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 Designed With Battery Without Handset Ground Plane

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Figure 4: VSWR plots for various cases around 900 MHz.

10 8 6 4 2 0 Designed With Battery Without Handset Ground Plane

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Figure 5: VSWR plots for various cases around 1800 MHz.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Figure 6: Radiation patters for antenna in three dierent cases in 900 MHz and 1800 MHz, the coordinate system is shown in Fig. 1. (a) Antenna with phone box in 900 MHz; (b) Antenna without phone box in 900 MHz; (c) Antenna with phone box and battery in 900 MHz; (d) Antenna with phone box in 1800 MHz; (e) Antenna without phone box in 1800 MHz; (f) Antenna with phone box and battery in 1800 MHz. 4. CONCLUSION

In this paper, a dual band PIFA antenna in 900 MHz and 1800 MHz has been designed to get less eect of handset internal components. The obtained results conrmed the idea of the paper. It is seen that there is less than 5% variations in the frequency resonances of the designed antenna

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PIERS Proceedings, Beijing, China, March 2327, 2009

when the battery is added or even when the handset ground plane is totally removed. Moreover, except the one case, the eect on bandwidth is not noticeable. Finally, it is shown the variations of the radiation patterns can be neglected when the battery is added.
REFERENCES

1. Yacoub, M. D., Foundations of Mobile Radio Engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 1993. 2. Lecuyer, C., Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech., 19301970, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2005. 3. Hyunh, M. C. and W. Stutzman, Ground plane eects on planar inverted-F antenna performance, IEE Proc. Microw. Antennas Prop., Vol. 150, No. 4, 209213, 2003. 4. Abedin, M. F. and M. Ali, Modifying the ground plane and its eect on planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA) for mobile phone handsets, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propag. Letters, Vol. 2, 226229, 2003. 5. Ebrahimi-Ganjeh, M. A. and A. R. Attari, Interaction of dual band helical and PIFA handset antennas with human head and hand, Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 77, 225 242, 2007. 6. Gao, Y. and X. Chen, Study of a miniature PIFA, Asia-Pacic Microwave Conference, Vol. 4, 2005.