AP Music Theory Terms #1 1. Cadence - a breathing break; termination of a musical phrase. 2.

Cadential Extension - the prolongation (post-cadential extension) or delay (pre-cadential extension) of a cadence by the addition of material beyond (i.e. before or after) the point at which the cadence is expected. 3. Coda - "tail"; a concluding section of a musical composition. 4. Codetta - It has the same function of the coda but for a section rather than a movement of piece. 5. Contour - the shape of a melody or its rise and fall. 6. Countermelody - a melody designed to fit against a more important line, called the principal melody. 7. Elision (Phrase Elision) - in keyboard music, one slur might end at the same point where another slur begins. The two slurs share the center of the note head (elide) without touching each other. When the elision occurs on tied notes, the first phrase may end on the first tied note, while the second phrase can begin on the second tied note. 8. Fragment (Fragmented Motive) - an incomplete piece of literature or music, one the author/composer never finished entirely. 9. Introduction - the opening part of a piece of music, which may be no more than a chord or a lengthy preparation for the introduction of the main theme, for example, in a symphony or concerto. 10. Bridge - a connective part of a musical composition; the "b" section of AABA song form. 11. Chorus - in jazz, a single complete performance of a piece from top to bottom; refrain of a song. 12. Song Form (AABA) - the first section, A, is played twice before the middle section B, and a third time to conclude the piece. 13. Turnaround - in jazz, the technique uses a set of chords played at the end of one section to provide a smooth transition into the next section. Turnarounds are quite familiar during changes from the chorus to the verse in any jazz setting. In the standard A-A-B-A form the turnaround would occur between sections B and A. 14. Twelve-Bar Blues - a chord progression, typical of blues and later, blues-influenced, music. In addition to the harmonic formulae the twelve bar blues uses a rhythmic scheme of twelve 4/4 bars to the verse with swing or shuffle (and thus may be notated in 12/8). 15. Augmentation increase. 16. Conjunct - stepwise movement in the melody. 17. Diminution decrease. 18. Disjunct - melody formed by leaps rather than by steps. 19. Extension, Phrase Extension - a horizontal line placed immediately to the right of a lyric syllable, to show that a syllable must be held during the following note or notes. 20. Fragmentation division of a musical idea into segments. 21. Internal Expansion - phrase extends beyond the expected phrase length. 22. Inversion, Melodic Inversion - A chord without the root in the bass. 23. Literal Repetition - sequences are repeated, indicated by repeat sign, capo, or segno.

24. Motivic Transformation - when rhythmic theme is changed. 25. Octave Displacement - taking a melodic line and moving some of the notes into a different octave. 26. Retrograde - This occurs when in a melodic line is performed backwards. 27. Rhythmic Transformation - multiplication, rotation, permutation (i.e. transposition, inversion, and retrograde), and combinations thereof involving rhythm. 28. Sequence - pattern that is repeated immediately in the same voice but that begins on a different pitch class. 29. Sequential Repetition - Transposing a longer sequence to a different scale degree; may be diatonic or intervalically exact. 30. Transposition - to write or play music in some key other than the original. 31. Truncation - utilizing a melody with part of the end omitted.