DMD5422 PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN

KOLEJKEMAHIRANTINGGIMARA PASIRMAS,KELANTAN

TOPIC 4: PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN

PREPARED BY:

En. E HAFIZUDDIN BIN ABU BAKAR

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INSTRUCTIONALAIMS INSTRUCTIONAL AIMS

In the end of this lecture all lecture, students will able to:
1. Explain about the meaning of design pressure. 2. Explain about the meaning of operating p pressure. 3. Convert a value from operating pressure to design pressure. 4. Explain about design temperature. 5. Know about th stress in pressure vessel 5 K b t the t l
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DESIGNPRESSURE DESIGN PRESSURE

1. The pressure used in the designing of a vessel or 2. to determine the minimum required thickness of each vessel shell component and 3. 3 Divide into internal and external pressure pressure.

4. Should be higher than operating pressure g p gp which design pressure should be more than 30psi or 10% from operating pressure, p p gp whichever is greater. 5. Example: 5 E l What is the value of design pressure if the operating pressure is 350psi.

OPERATINGPRESSURE OPERATING PRESSURE

1. The pressure which is required for the process served by the vessel at which the vessel is normally operates. 2. The maximum gauge pressure permissible in its operating position at the designated temperature.

OPERATINGPRESSURE OPERATING PRESSURE

3. It is based on the nominal vessel thickness, corrosion allowance, and the thickness required for other loads than pressure. 4. In 4 I most case it will b equal or very t t ll be l close to the design pressure.

COMPARISIONBETWEENOPERATING PRESSUREandDESIGNPRESSURE.
1. The design pressure should be more than 10% or 30psi from operating pressure pressure. g p 2. Design pressure will be used when we want to make a make a design of pressure vessel and 3. Operating pressure will be used when we want 3 O to run a vessel in normal operation.

OPERATINGPRESSURETO DESIGNPRESSURE
Example: p gp p Given the operating pressure is 220psi. Therefore the design pressure should be: 220psi + 10% x 220psi = 242psi 220psi + 30psi 220 30 = 250 250psi larger value should be taken into consideration. therefore the design pressure = 250psi.

MAXIMUMALLOWABLE WORKINGPRESSURE
1. Theinternalpressureatwhichtheweakest elementofthevesselisloadedtothe ultimatepermissiblepoint,whenthevesselis assumedtobe: assumed to be:
a) b) c) d) Incorrodedcondition. Undertheeffectofadesignatedtemperature. d h ff f d d Innormaloperatingposition. Undertheeffectofotherloadingswhichare additivetotheinternalpressure. p
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DESIGNTEMPERATURE DESIGN TEMPERATURE

1. More a design of environmental condition . 2. It is important design condition that influences to a great degree the suitability of the selected material for vessel construction. 3. 3 When the rising temperature happened, it will happened decrease in metal strength and

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5. When the falling temperature happened, it will increase b l brittleness in vessel material. l l 6. 6 The lowest design metal temperature for pressure storage vessels should be taken 15oF F. 7. The design temperature of vessel internals is the maximum temperature of the vessel when it is in normal operation.

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STRESSINPRESSUREVESSEL STRESS IN PRESSURE VESSEL

SphericalPressureVessel
1. Consider a spherical p p pressure vessel with radius r and wall thickness t subjected to an internal gage pressure p. 2. 2 For reasons of symmetry, all symmetry four normal stresses on a small stress element in the wall must be identical. Furthermore, there can be no shear stress. h
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STRESSINPRESSURE VESSEL(Cont..)
Thenormalstressesscanberelatedtothe p pressurep byinspectingafreebodydiagram p y p g y g ofthepressurevessel.Tosimplifytheanalysis, wecutthevesselinhalfasillustrated. we cut the vessel in half as illustrated
The stress around the wall must have a net resultant to balance the internal pressure across the crosscross section

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STRESSINPRESSURE VESSEL(Cont..)

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STRESSINPRESSURE VESSEL(Cont..)
CylindricalPressureVessel
1. Consideracylindricalpressure vesselwithradiusr andwall thicknesst subjectedtoan internalgagepressurep. i t l 2. Itisnaturaltoalignone coordinatealongtheaxisofthe coordinate along the axis of the vessel(i.e.inthelongitudinal direction). ) 3. Toanalyzethestressstateinthevesselwall,asecond coordinateisthenalignedalongthehoopdirection. g g p
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STRESSINPRESSURE VESSEL(Cont..)
Todeterminethelongitudinal stressl,wemakeacutacross thecylindersimilarto th li d i il t analyzingthespherical pressurevessel. pressure vessel Thefreebody,illustratedon theleft,isinstaticequilibrium. the left is in static equilibrium Thisimpliesthatthestress aroundthewallmusthavea around the wall must have a resultanttobalancethe internalpressureacrossthe p crosssection.
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STRESSINPRESSURE VESSEL(Cont..)

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STRESSINPRESSURE VESSEL(Cont..)
Todeterminethehoop stressh,wemakeacut alongthelongitudinalaxis andconstructasmallslice asillustratedontheright. Theformulaforhoop stress stress his:

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