1. Determine the energy of the discrete time sequence (2) x(n) = ()n, n0 =3 n, n<0 2.

Define multi channel and multi dimensional signals (2) 3. Define symmetric and anti symmetric signals. (2) 4. Differentiate recursive and non recursive difference equations. (2) 5. What is meant by impulse response? (2) 6. What is meant by LTI system? (2) 7. What are the basic steps involved in convolution? (2) 8. Define the Auto correlation and Cross correlation? (2) 9. What is the causality condition for an LTI system? (2) 10. What is zero padding? What are it uses? (2) 11. State the Sampling Theorem. (2) 12 What is an anti imaging and anti aliasing filter? (2) 13. Determine the signals are periodic and find the fundamental period (2) in 2 t i) sin 20t+ sin5t 14. Give the mathematical and graphical representations of a unit sample, unit step sequence. (2) 15. Sketch the discrete time signal x(n) =4 (n+4) + (n)+ 2 (n-1) + (n-2) -5 (n-3) (2) 16. Find the periodicity of x(n) =cost(2n / 7) (2) 17. What is inverse system? (2) 18. Write the relationship between system function and the frequency response. (2) 19. Define commutative and associative law of convolutions. (2)

20. What is meant by Nyquist rate and Nyquist interval? (2) 21. What is an aliasing? How to overcome this effect? (2) 22. What are the disadvantages of DSP? (2) 23. State initial value theorem of Z transform. (2) 24 What are the different methods of evaluating inverse z transform? (2) 25 What is meant by ROC? (2) 26 What are the properties of ROC?(2) 27 What is zero padding? What are it uses?(2) 28 State convolution property of Z transform. (2) 29 State Cauchy residue theorem. (2) 30 Define fourier transform. (2) 31 Define discrete fourier series. (2) 32 Compare linear and circular convolution. (2) 33 Distinguish between Fourier series and Fourier transform. (2) 34 What is the relation between fourier transform and z transform. (2) 35 What is the use of Fourier transform? (2) 36. Define system function. (2) 37. State Parseval relation in z transform (2) CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS: 1. Determine whether the following system are linear, time-invariant (16) i)y(n) = Ax(n) +B ii)y(n) =x(2n) iii)y(n) =n x2 (n)

iv)y(n) = a x(n) 2. Check for following systems are linear, causal, time in variant, stable, static (16) i) y(n) =x(2n) ii) y(n) = cos (x(n)) iii) y(n) = x(n) cos (x(n) iv) y(n) =x(-n+2) v) y(n) =x(n) +n x (n+1) 3.a) For each impulse response determine the system is i) stable ii) causal (8) i) h(n)= sin ( n / 2) ii) h(n) = (n) + sin n iii) h(n) = 2 n u(-n) . b)Find the periodicity of the signal x(n) =sin (2n / 3)+ cos ( n / 2) (8) 4. Explain in detail about A to D conversion with suitable block diagram and to reconstruct the signal. (16) 5 a) State and proof of sampling theorem. (8) b)What are the advantages of DSP over analog signal processing? (8) 6 a)Explain successive approximation technique. (8) b)Explain the sample and hold circuit. (8) Z TRANSFORM: 1. a)State and proof the properties of Z transform. (8) b)Find the Z transform of (8) i) x(n) =[ (1/2)n (1/4)n ] u(n) ii) x(n) = n(-1)n u(n)

iii) x(n) (-1)n cos (n/3) u(n) iv) x(n) = () n-5 u(n-2) +8(n-5) 2 a) Find the Z transform of the following sequence and ROC and sketch the pole zero diagram (8) i) x(n) = an u(n) +b n u(n) + c n u(-n-1) , |a| <|b| <| c| ii) x(n) =n2 an u(n) b)Find the convolution of using z transform (8) x1(n) ={ (1/3) n, n>=0 (1/2) - n n<0 } x2(n) = (1/2) n INVERSE Z TRANSFORM: 5. Find the inverse z transform (16) X(z) = log (1-2z) z < |1/2 | X(z) = log (1+az-1) |z| > |a| X(z) =1/1+az-1 where a is a constant X(z)=z2/(z-1)(z-2) X(z) =1/ (1-z-1) (1-z-1)2 X(z)= Z+0.2/(Z+0.5)(Z-1) Z>1 using long division method. X(z) =1- 11/4 z-1 / 1-1/9 z-2 using residue method. X(z) =1- 11/4 z-1 / 1-1/9 z-2 using convolution method. 6.. A causal LTI system has impulse response h(n) for which Z transform is given by H(z) 1+ z -1 / (1-1/2 z -1 ) (1+1/4 z -1 ) (16) i) What is the ROC of H (z)? Is the system stable?

ii) Find THE Z transform X(z) of an input x(n) that will produce the output y(n) = - 1/3 (-1/4)n u(n)- 4/3 (2) n u(-n-1) iii) Find the impulse response h(n) of the system. ANALYSIS OF LTI SYSTEM: 7. a)The impulse response of LTI system is h(n)=(1,2,1,-1).Find the response of the system to the input x(n)=(2,1,0,2) (8) b). Determine the response of the causal system y(n) y(n-1) =x(n) + x(n-1) to inputs x(n)=u(n) and x(n) =2 n u(n).Test its stability (8) 8. Determine the magnitude and phase response of the given equation y(n) =x(n)+x(n-2) (16) 9. a)Determine the frequency response for the system given by y(n)-y3/4y(n-1)+1/8 y(n-2) = x(n)- x(n-1) (8) b). Determine the pole and zero plot for the system described difference equations y(n)=x(n)+2x(n-1)-4x(n-2)+x(n-3) (8) 10. Find the output of the system whose input- output is related by the difference equation y(n) -5/6 y(n-1) +1/6 y(n-2) = x(n) -1/2 x(n-1) for the step input. (16) 11. Find the output of the system whose input- output is related by the difference equation y(n) -5/6 y(n-1) +1/6 y(n-2) = x(n) -1/2 x(n-1) for the x(n) =4 n u(n). (16) CONVOLUTION: 12. Find the output of an LTI system if the input is x(n) =(n+2) for 0 n 3 and h(n) =an u(n) for all n (16) 13. Find the convolution sum of x(n) =1 n = -2,0,1 = 2 n= -1

= 0 elsewhere and h(n) = (n) (n-1) + ( n-2) - (n-3) (16). 14. Find the convolution of the following sequence x(n) =(1,2,-1,1) , h(n) =(1, 0 ,1,1) (16) 15.Find the output sequence y(n) if h(n) =(1,1,1) and x(n) =(1,2,3,1) using a circular Convolution. (16) 16. Find the convolution y(n) of the signals (16) x(n) ={ n, -3 n 5 and h(n) ={ 1, 0 n 4 0, elsewhere } 0, elsewhere }

UNIT 2

1. How many multiplication and additions are required to compute N point DFT using radix 2 FFT? (2) 2. Define DTFT pair. (2) 3. What are Twiddle factors of the DFT? (2) 4. State Periodicity Property of DFT. (2) 5. What is the difference between DFT and DTFT? (2) 6. Why need of FFT? (2) 7. Find the IDFT of Y (k) = (1, 0, 1, 0) (2) 8. Compute the Fourier transform of the signal x(n) = u(n) u(n-1). (2) 9. Compare DIT and DIF? (2) 10. What is meant by in place in DIT and DIF algorithm? (2) 11. Is the DFT of a finite length sequence is periodic? If so, state the reason. (2) 12. Draw the butterfly operation in DIT and DIF algorithm? (2)

13. What is meant by radix 2 FFT? (2) 14. State the properties of W N k ? (2) 15. What is bit reversal in FFT? (2) 16. Determine the no of bits required in computing the DFT of a 1024 point sequence with SNR of 30dB. (2) 17. What is the use of Fourier transform? (2) 18. What are the advantages FFT over DFT? FOURIER TRANSFORM: 1. a) Determine the Fourier transform of x (n) =a |n|; -1<a<1 (8) b) Determine the Inverse Fourier transform H (w) = (1-ae-jw) -1 (8) 2. State and proof the properties of Fourier transform (16) FFT: 3. Determine the Discrete Fourier transform x (n) = (1, 1, 1, 1) and Proof x(n)*h(n) =X(z) H(z (16) 4. Derive and draw the 8 point FFT-DIT butterfly structure. (16) 5. Derive and draw the 8 point FFT-DIF butterfly structure. (16) 6.Compute the DFT for the sequence.(0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0,0,0,0) (16) 7.Compute the DFT for the sequence.(1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0) (16) 8.Find the DFT of a sequence x(n)=(1,1,0,0) and find IDFT of Y(k) =(1,0,1,0) (16) 9. If x (n) = sin (n/2), n=0, 1, 2, 3 (16) 10. h (n) = 2 n , n=0,1,2,3.Find IDFT and sketch it. (16)

11.Find 4 point DFT using DIF of x(n) =(0,1,2,3) (16) 12.a)Discuss the properties of DFT. (10) b).Discuss the use of FFT algorithm in linear filtering. (6)

UNIT 3& 4

1. Define canonic and non canonic form realizations. (2) 2. Draw the direct form realizations of FIR systems? (2) 3. Mention advantages of direct form II and cascade structure? (2) 4. Define Bilinear Transformation. (2) 5. What is prewar ping? Why is it needed? (2) 6. Write the expression for location of poles of normalized Butterworth filter. (2) 7. Distinguish between FIR and IIR Filters. (2) 8. What is linear phase filter? (2) 9. What are the design techniques available for IIR filter? (2) 10. What is the main drawback of impulse invariant mapping? (2) 11. Compare impulse invariant and bilinear transformation. (2) 12. Why IIR filters do not have linear phase? (2) 13. Mention the properties of Butterworth filter? (2) 14. Mention the properties of Chebyshev filter? (2) 15. Why impulse invariant method is not preferred in the design of high pass IIR filter? (2) 16. Give the transform relation for converting LPF to BPF in digital domain. (2) 17. What are Gibbs oscillations? (2) 18. Explain briefly Hamming window (2).

19. If the impulse response of the symmetric linear phase FIR filter of length 5 is h(n) = {2, 3, 0, x, y), then find the values of x and y. (2) 20. What are the desirable properties of windowing technique? (2) 21. Write the equation of Bartlett window. (2) 22.Why IIR filters do not have linear phase? (2) 23.Why FIR filters are always stable? (2) 24.Why rectangular window are not used in FIR filter design using window method? (2) 25.What are the advantages of FIR filter? (2) 26.What are the advantages and disadvantages of window? (2) 27.What is the necessary condition and sufficient condition for the linear phase characteristic of a FIR filter? (2) 28.Compare Hamming and Hanning window? (2) 29.Why triangular window is not a good choice for designing FIR Filter? (2) 30.Why Kaiser window is most used for designing FIR Filter? (2) 31.What is the advantages in linear phase realization of FIR systems? (2) Structures of IIR systems: 1. Obtain the cascade and parallel form realizations for the following systems (16) Y (n) = -0.1(n-1) + 0.2 y (n-2) + 3x (n) +3.6 x (n-1) +0.6 x (n-2) 2.a) Obtain the Direct form II y (n) = -0.1(n-1) + 0.72 y(n-2) + 0.7x(n) -0.252 x(n-2) (8) b) .Find the direct form II H (z) =8z-2+5z-1+1 / 7z-3+8z-2+1 (8) 3. Obtain the i) Direct forms ii) cascade iii) parallel form realizations for the following systems

y (n) = 3/4(n-1) 1/8 y(n-2) + x(n) +1/3 x(n-1) (16) 4.Find the direct form I, cascade and parallel form for (16) H(Z) = z -1 -1 / 1 0.5 z-1+0.06 z-2 IIR FILTER DESIGN: 6. Explain the method of design of IIR filters using bilinear transform method. (16) 7. a)Derive bilinear transformation for an analog filter with system function H(s) = b/ s + a (8) b) For the analog transfer function H(s) = 2 / (s+1) (s+3) . Determine H (z) using bilinear transformation. With T=0.1 sec (8) 8. a)Convert the analog filter H(s) = 0.5 (s+4) / (s+1)(s+2) using impulse invariant transformation T=0.31416s (8) b)The normalized transfer function of an analog filter is given by H a (sn) = 1/ sn 2 +1.414 s n +1. Convert analog filter to digital filter with cut off frequency of 0.4 using bilinear transformation. (8) 9. Design a single pole low pass digital IIR filter with -3db bandwidth of 0.2 by using bilinear transformation. (16) 10. For the constraints 0.8 |H (e jw)| 1, 0 0.2 |H (e jw)| 0.2, 0.6 with T= 1 sec .Determine system function H(z) for a Butterworth filter using Bilinear transformation. (16) 11.Design a digital Butterworth filter satisfying the following specifications 0.7 |H (e jw)| 1, 0 0.2 |H (e jw)| 0.2, 0.6 with T= 1 sec .Determine system function H(z) for a Butterworth

filter using impulse invariant transformation. (16) 12. Design a digital Chebyshev low pass filter satisfying the following specifications 0.707 |H (e jw)| 1, 0 0.2 |H (e jw)| 0.1 0.5 with T= 1 sec using for bilinear transformation. (16) 13.Design a digital Butterworth High pass filter satisfying the following specifications 0.9 |H (e jw)| 1, 0 /2 |H (e jw)| 0.2, 3/4 with T= 1 sec. using impulse invariant transformation (16) 14. Design a realize a digital filter using bilinear transformation for the following specifications i) Monotonic pass band and stop band ii) -3.01 db cut off at 0.5 rad iii) Magnitude down at least 15 db at = 0.75 rad. (16) FIR FILTER 15.a) Prove that an FIR filter has linear phase if the unit sample response satisfies the condition h(n) = h(M-1-n), n =0,1,.. M-1.Also discuss symmetric and anti symmetric cases of FIR filter. (8) b) Explain the need for the use of window sequence in the design of FIR filter. Describe the window sequence generally used and compare the properties. (8) 16. Design a HPF of length 7 with cut off frequency of 2 rad/sec using Hamming window. Plot the magnitude and phase response. (16) 17. Explain the principle and procedure for designing FIR filter using rectangular window (16) 18. Design a filter with H d (e j) = e - 3 j , /4 /4

0. /4 using a Hamming window with N=7. (16) 19. H (w) =1 for | | /3 and | | 2 /3 0 otherwise for N=11. and find the response. (16) 20.Design a FIR filter whose frequency response (16) H (e j) = 1 /4 3/4 0. | | 3 /4. Calculate the value of h(n) for N=11 and hence find H(z). 21.Design an ideal differentiator with frequency response H (e j) = jw - using hamming window for N=8 and find the frequency response. (16) 22.Design an ideal Hilbert transformer having frequency response H (e j) = j - 0 -j 0 for N=11 using rectangular window. (16) FIR structures: 23.a) Determine the direct form of following system (8) H (z) =1+2z-1 - 3z-2 + 4z-3 - 5z-4 b). Obtain the cascade form realizations of FIR systems (8) H (z) = 1+5/2 z-1+ 2z-2 +2 z-3

UNIT 5

1) Give some example of DSP 2) Explain Interpolation 3) Explain decimation 4) What is know to be subband coding

5) Define sampling rate conversion 6) How the image enchancement is achieved using DSP 7) Define compression 8) What are various compression technique 9) Explain subband coding 10) Define vocoders 11) Explain adaptive filtering Part B 1) Explain the concept of deciation by a factor D and interpolation by factor I 2) With help of equation explain sampling rate conversion by a rational factor I/D 3) Explain the following application i) speech compression ii) sound processing 4) With help diagram explain adaptive filtering process 5) Explain speech vocoders and subband coding 6) Explain how image enchancement was achieved

UNIT I PART A 1. 2. 3. 4. What is signal and Signal processing? List the advantages of Digital Signal processing. Mention few applications of Digital Signal processing. Classify discrete time signals.

5. What are Energy and Power signals? 6. What do you mean by periodic and Aperiodic signals? 7. When a signal is said to be symmetric and Anti symmetric? 8. What are deterministic and random signals? 9. What are the elementary signals? 10. What are the different types of representation of discrete time signals? 11. Draw the basic block diagram of digital signal processing of analog signals. 12. What are the basic time domain operations of discrete time signal? 13. What is the significance of unit sample response of a system? 14. Classify discrete time systems. 15. Whether the system defined by the impulse response h(n) = 2n u(-n) + 2-n u(n) is causal ? Justify your answer. 16. Compute the energy of the signal x(n) = 2-n u(n) 17. Compute the energy of the signal x(n) = (0.5)n u(n) 18. Define convolution. 19. List out the properties of convolution. 20. What do you mean by BIBO stable? 21. What is linear time invariant system? 22. Compute the convolution of x(n) = {1,2,1,-1} and h(n) = {1,2,1,-1} using tabulation method.

23. Check whether the system defined by h (n) = [5 (1/2)n + 4 (1/3)n ] u(n) is stable.

24. Differentiate between analog, discrete, quantized and digital signals. 25. Differentiate between analog 26. and digital signals. 27. Differentiate between one dimensional and two dimensional signal with an example for each. 28. Name any four elementary time domain operations for discrete time signals. 29. For the signal f (t) = 5 cos (5000t) + sin2 (3000t), determine the minimum sampling rate for recovery without aliasing. 1 = 5000 = 2F1 F1 = 2.5 kHz 2 = 3000 = 2F2 F2=1.5 kHz

Fmax = 2.5 kHz According to sampling theorem Fs 2 Fmax So, Fs = 5 kHz

30. For the signal f (t) = cos2 (4000t) + 2 sin (6000t), determine the minimum sampling rate

for recovery without aliasing. 1 = 4000 = 2F1 F1 = 2 kHz 2 = 6000 = 2F2 F2 =3 kHz

Fmax = 3 kHz According to sampling theorem Fs 2 Fmax So, Fs = 6 kHz 31. What is sampling? 32. State sampling theorem and what is Nyquist frequency? Sampling theorem - Fs 2 Fmax Nyquist frequency or Nyquist rate FN = 2 Fmax 33. What is known as aliasing? 34. Define the criteria to perform sampling process without aliasing. 35. Differentiate between anti aliasing and anti imaging filters. 36. What are the effects of aliasing? 37. What is anti aliasing filter? What is the need for it? 38. Draw the basic block diagram of a digital processing of an analog signal. 39. Draw the basic structure of linear constant difference equation. 40. What is sample and Hold circuit? 41. If a minimum signal to noise ratio (SQR) of 33 dB is desired, how many bits per code word are required in a linearly quantized system? SQR =1.76 +6.02b SQR given is 33 dB 1.76+6.02b = 33 dB 6.02 b = 31.24 b = 5.18 = 6 bits 42. Determine the number of bits required in computing the DFT of a 1024 point sequence with an SQR of 30 dB The size of the sequence is N = 1024 = 210 SQR is X2 / q2 = 22b / N2 10 log [X2 / q2] = 10 log [22b / N2] N2 = 220 10 log [X2 / q2] = 10 log [22b / 220] SNR = 10 log [22b - 20] = 30 dB 3(2b-20) =30 b=15 bits is the precision for both multiplication and addition
43. Determine the system described by the equation y (n) = n x (n) is linear or not.

44. What is the total energy of the discrete time signal x(n) which takes the value of unity at n =-1,0,1? 45. Draw the signal x(n) = u(n) u(n-3) PART - B 1. For each of the following systems, determine whether the system is static stable, causal, linear and time invariant a. y(n) = e x(n) b. y(n) = ax(n) +b c. y(n) = nk=n0 x(k) d. y(n) = n+1k= - x(k e. y(n) = n x2(n) f. y(n) = x(-n+2) g. y(n) = nx(n) h. y(n) = x(n) +C i. y(n) = x(n) x(n-1) j. y(n) = x(-n) k. y(n) = x(n) where x(n) = [x(n+1) x(n)] l. y(n) = g(n) x(n) m. y(n) = x(n2) n. y(n) = x2(n) o. y(n) = cos x(n) p. y(n) = x(n) cos 0n 2. Compute the linear convolution of h(n) = {1,2,1} and x(n) ={1,-3,0,2,2} 3. Explain the concept of Energy and Power signals and determine whether the following are energy or power signals
a. x(n) = (1/3)n u(n) b. x(n) = sin ( / 4)n 4. The unit sample response h(n) of a system is represented by

h (n) = n2u(n+1) 3 u(n) +2n u(n-1) for -5 n 5. Plot the unit sample response. 5. State and prove sampling theorem. How do you recover continuous signals from its samples? Discuss the various parameters involved in sampling and reconstruction. 6. What is the input x(n) that will generate an output sequence y(n) = {1,5,10,11,8,4,1} for a system with impulse response h(n) = {1,2,1}

7. Check whether the system defined by h(n) = [5 (1/2)n +4(1/3)n] u(n) is stable?

8. Explain the analog to digital conversion process and reconstruction of analog signal from digital signal. 9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of digital signal processing compared with analog signal processing? 10. Classify and explain different types of signals. 11. Explain the various elementary discrete time signals. 12. Explain the different types of mathematical operations that can be performed on a discrete time signal. 13. Explain the different types of representation of discrete time signals. 14. Determine whether the systems having the following impulse responses are causal and stable a. h(n) = 2n u(-n) b. h(n) = sin n / 2 c. h(n) = sin n + (n) d. h(n) = e2n u(n-1) 15. For the given discrete time signal x (n) = { -0.5,0.5, for n = -2, -1 1, n=0 3, 2, 0.4 n > 0} Sketch the following a) x (n-3), b) x (3-n) c) x (2n) d) x (n/2) e) [x (n) + x (-n)] / 2
16. Find the convolution of x (n) = an u (n), a < 1 with h(n) = 1for 0 n N-1

17. Draw the analog, discrete, quantized and digital signal with an example. 18. Explain the properties of linearity and stability of discrete time systems with examples. 19. The impulse response of a linear time invariant system is h (n) = {1, 2, 1,-1}.

Determine the response of the system to the input signal x (n) = {1, 2, 3, 1}.

20. Determine whether or not each of the following signals are periodic. If a signal is

i. ii. iii. iv.

Periodic specify its fundamental time period. x(t) = 2 cos 3 t x(t) = sin 15 t + sin 20 t x(n) = 5 sin 2n x(n) = cos (n/8) cos (n / 8) UNIT II PART - A 1. Define Z-transform

2. Define ROC in Z-transform 3. Determine Z-transform of the sequence x(n)= {2,1,-1,0, 3} 4. Determine Z-transform of x(n) = - 0.5 u (-n-1) 5. Find Z- transform of x(n) = - bn u(-n-1) and its ROC 6. Find Z- transform of x(n) = an u(n) and its ROC 7. What are the properties of ROC in Z- transform? 8. State the initial value theorem of Z- transforms. 9. State the final value theorem of Z- transforms. 10. Obtain the inverse Z transform of X(Z) = log ( 1 + Z-1) for Z < 1 11. Obtain the inverse Z transform of X(Z) = log ( 1-2z) for Z < 1/2 12. What is the condition for stability in Z-domain? 13. Mention the basic factors that affect thr ROC of z- transform. 14. Find the z- transform of a digita limpulse signal and digital step signal PART - B 1. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. 2. a. b. c. d. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Determine the Z-transform and ROC of x(n) = rn cos n u(n) x(n) = n2an u(n) x(n) = -1/3 (-1/4)n u(n) 4/3 (2)n u(-n-1) x(n) = an u(n) + bn u(n) + cn u(-n-1) , |a | < | b| < |c| x(n) = cos n u(n) x(n) = sin 0n . u(n) x(n) = an u(n) x(n) = [ 3 (2n) 4 (3n)] u(n) Find the inverse Z-transform of X(z) = z (z+1) / (z-0.5)3 X(z) = 1+3z-1 / 1 + 3z-1 + 2z-2 H(z) = 1 / [1 - 3z-1 + 0.5z-2] |z | > 1 X(z) = [z (z2- 4z +5)] / [(z-3) (z-2) ( z-1)] for ROC |2 | < | z| < |3|, |z| > 3, |z|< 1 Determine the system function and pole zero pattern for the system described by difference equation y (n) -0.6 y (n-1) +0.5 y (n-2) = x (n) 0.7 x (n-2) Determine the pole zero plot for the system described by the difference equation y (n) 3/4 y (n-1) +1/8 y (n-2) = x(n) x(n-1) Explain the properties of Z-transform. Perform the convolution of the following two sequences using Z-transforms. x(n) = 0.2n u(n) and h(n) = (0.3)n u(n) A causal LTI system has an impulse response h(n) for which the Z-transform is given by H(z) = (1+z-1) / [(1 + 1/2z-1) (1 + 1/4z-1). What is the ROC of H (z)? Is the system stable? Find the Z-transform X (z) of an input x (n) that will produce the output y(n) = -1/3 (-1/4)n u(n) 4/3 (2)n u(-n-1).Find the impulse response h (n) of the system.

8. Solve the difference equation y(n) -3y(n-1) 4y(n-2) = 0, n 0 ,y(-1) = 5 9. Compute the response of the system y(n) = 0.7 y(n-1)-0.12y(n-2) +x(n-1)+ x (n-2)to the input x(n) = n u(n) 10. What is ROC? Explain with an example. 11. A causal LTI IIR digital filter is characterized by a constant co-efficient difference equation given by y(n) = x(n-1)-1.2x(n-2)+x(n-3)+1.3 y(n-1) 1.04 y(n-2)+0.222y(n-3),obtain its transfer function. 12. Determine the system function and impulse response of the system described by the difference equation y(n) = x(n) +2x(n-1)- 4x(n-2) + x(n-3) 13. Solve the difference equation y(n) - 4y(n-1) - +4 y(n-2) = x(n) x(n-1) with the initial condition y(-1) = y(-2) = 1 14. Find the impulse response of the system described by the difference equation y(n) = 0.7 y(n-1) -0.1 y(n-2) +2 x(n) x(n-2) 15. Determine the z- transform and ROC of the signal x (n) = [3 (2n) 4 (3n)] u(n). 16. State and prove convolution theorem in z-transform. 17. Given x(n) = (n) + 2 (n-1) and y(n) = 3 (n+1) + (n)- (n-1). Find x(n) * y(n) and X(z).Y(z). UNIT - III PART A
1. Compute the DFT of x(n) = (n no)

2. State and prove the Parsevals relation of DFT. 3. What do you mean by the term bit reversal as applied to DFT? 4. Define discrete Fourier series. 5. Draw the basic butterfly diagram of DIF FFT algorithm. 6. Compute the DFT of x(n) = an 7. State the time shifting and frequency shifting properties of DFT. 8. What is twiddle factor? What are its properties? 9. Draw the basic butterfly diagram of DIT FFT algorithm. 10. Determine the 3 point circular convolution of x(n) = {1,2,3} and h(n) = {0.5,0,1} 11. If an N-point sequence x(n) has N-point DFT of X(K) then what is the DFT of the following i) x*(n) ii) x*(N-n) iii) x((n-l))N iv) x(n) ej2ln/N 12. What is FFT and what are its advantages? 13. Distinguish between DFT and DTFT (Fourier transform) 14. What is the basic operation of DIT FFT algorithm? 15. What is zero padding? What are its uses? 16. State and prove Parsevals relation for DFT. 17. Draw the flow graph of radix 2 DIF - FFT algorithm for N= 4 18. What do you mean by bit reversal in DFT? 20. Write the periodicity and symmetry property of twiddle factor. 21. Give the relationship between z-domain and frequency domain. 22. Distinguish between discrete Fourier series and discrete Fourier transform. 23. What is the relationship between Fourier series co-efficient of a periodic

sequence and DFT? 24. What is the circular frequency shifting property of DFT? 25. Establish the relation between DFT and z-transform. 26. Define DFT pair. 27. Define overshoot. 28. Define Gibbs phenomenon. 29. How many multiplications and additions are required to compute N-point DFT using radix 2 FFT? PART B 1. Perform circular convolution of the sequence using DFT and IDFT technique x1(n) = {2, 1,2,1} x2 (n) = {0,1,2,3} 2. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = {1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0} (8) (8)

3. From the first principles obtain the signal flow graph for computing 8 point DFT using radix-2 DIT FFT algorithm. Using the above compute the DFT of sequence x(n) = {0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0,0,0,0} (16) 4. State and prove the circular convolution property of DFT.Compute the circular convolution of x(n) = {0,1,2,3,4} and h(n) = {0,1,0,0,0} (8)

5. Perform circular convolution of the sequence using DFT and IDFT technique x1(n) = {1,1,2,1} x2 (n) = {1,2,3,4}
6. Compute the DFT of the sequence x(n) = {1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0}

(8)

(8) 7. From the first principles obtain the signal flow graph for computing 8 point DFT using radix-2 DIF-FFT algorithm. An 8 point sequence is given by x(n)={2,2,2,2,1,1,1,1} compute its 8 point DFT of x(n) by radix-2 DIF-FFT (16) 8. Compute 5 point circular convolution of x1(n) = (n) + (n-1)- (n-2) - (n-3) and x2(n) = (n) (n-2)+ (n-4) (8) 9. Explain any five properties of DFT. (10) 10. Derive DIF FFT algorithm. Draw its basic butterfly structure and compute the DFT x(n) = (-1)n using radix 2 DIF FFT algorithm. (16) 11. Perform circular convolution of the sequence using DFT and IDFT technique x1(n) = {0,1,2,3} x2 (n) = {1,0,0,1} (8)

12. Compute the DFT of the sequence x (n) = 1/3 (n) 1/3 (n-1) +1/3 (n -2) (6)

13. From the first principles obtain the signal flow graph for computing 8 point DFT using radix-2 DIT - FFT algorithm. Using the above compute the DFT of sequence x(n) = 2 sin n / 4 for 0 n 7 (16) 14. What is circular convolution? Explain the circular convolution property of DFT and compute the circular convolution of the sequence x(n)=(2,1,0,1,0) with

itself

(8)

15. Perform circular convolution of the sequence using DFT and IDFT technique x1(n) = {0,1,2,3} x2 (n) = {1,0,0,1}
16. i) Compute the DFT of the sequence x (n) = (-1)n

(8) (4)

ii) What are the differences and similarities between DIT FFT and DIF FFT algorithms? (4)
17. From the first principles obtain the signal flow graph for computing 8 point DFT using

radix-2 DIT - FFT algorithm. Using the above compute the DFT of sequence x(n) = cos n / 4 for 0 n 7 (16) 18. Compute 4-point DFT of the sequence x (n) = (0, 1, 2, 3) (6) 19. Compute 4-point DFT of the sequence x (n) = (1, 0, 0, 1) (6) 20. Explain the procedure for finding IDFT using FFT algorithm (6) 21. Compute the output using 8 point DIT FFT algorithm for the sequence x(n) = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} (16) 22.Determine the 8-point DFT of the sequence x(n) = {0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0} 23. Find the circular convolution of x(n) = 1,2,3,4} and h(n) = {4,3,2,1} 24. Determine the 8 point DFT of the signal x(n) = {1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0}. Sketch its magnitude and phase. UNIT IV PART A 1. An analog filter has a transfer function H(s) = 1 / s+2. Using impulse invariance method, obtain pole location for the corresponding digital filter with T = 0.1s. 2. What is frequency warping in bilinear transformation? 3. If the impulse response of the symmetric linear phase FIR filter of length 5 is h (n) = {2,3,0,x,y}, find the values of x and y. 4. What is prewarping? Why is it needed? 5. Find the digital transfer function H (z) by using impulse invariance method for the analog transfer function H(s) = 1 / s+2. 6. What are the different structures of realization of FIR and IIR filters? 7. What are the methods used to transform analog to digital filters? 8. State the condition for linear phase in FIR filters for symmetric and anti symmetric response. 9. Draw a causal FIR filter structure for length M= 5.

10. What is bilinear transformation? What are its advantages? 11. Write the equation of Barlett (or) triangular and Hamming window. 12. Write the equation of Rectangular and Hanning window. 13. Write the equation of Blackman and Kaiser window. 14. Write the expression for location of poles of normalized Butter worth filter. Pk = c ej (N+2k +1) / 2N Where k = 0, 1, . (N-1) and for a normalized filter c = 1 rad / sec
15. Write the expression for location of poles of normalized Chebyshev filter. 16. Draw the magnitude response of 3rd order Chebyshev filter.

17. Draw the magnitude response of 4th order Chebyshev filter. 18. Draw the basic FIR filter structure. 19. Draw the direct form I structure of IIR filter. 20. Draw the direct form II structure of IIR filter. 21. Draw the cascade form realization structure of IIR filter. 22. Draw the parallel form realization structure of IIR filter. 23. When cascade form realization structure is preferred in filters? 24. Distinguish between FIR and IIR filters. 25. Compare analog and digital filters. 26. Why FIR filters are always stable? Because all its poles are located at the origin. 27. State the condition for a digital filter to be causal and stable. 28. What are the desirable characteristics of windows? 29. Give the magnitude function Butterworth filter. What is the effect of varying the order of N on magnitude and phase response? 30. List out the properties of Butterworth filter. 31. List out the properties of Chebyshev filter. 32. Give the Chebyshev filters transfer function and draw its magnitude response. 33. Give the equation for the order N and cut off frequency c of Butterworth filter 34. Why impulse invariance method is not preferred in the design of IIR filter other than low pass filters? 35. What are the advantages and disadvantages FIR filters? 36. What are the advantages and disadvantages IIR filters? 37. What is canonic structure? If the number of delays in the structure is equal to the order of the difference equation or order of transfer function, then it is called canonic form of realization. 38. Compare Butterworth and Chebyshev filters. 39. What are the desirable and undesirable features of FIR filters? 40. What are the design techniques of designing FIR filters? Fourier series method

Windowing technique Frequency sampling method PART B 1. With suitable examples, describe the realization of linear phase FIR filters (8) 2. Convert the following analog transfer function H(s) = (s+0.2) / [(s+0.2)2 + 4] into equivalent digital transfer function H (z) by using impulse invariance method assuming T= 1 sec. (8) 3. Convert the following analog transfer function H(s) = 1 / (s+2) (s+4) into equivalent digital transfer function H (z) by using bilinear transformation with T = 0.5 sec. 4. Convert the following analog transfer function H(s) = (s+0.1) / [(s+0.1)2 + 9] into equivalent digital transfer function H (z) by using impulse invariance method assuming T= 1 sec. (8) 5. Convert the following analog transfer function H(s) = 2/ (s+1) (s+3) into equivalent digital transfer function H (z) by using bilinear transformation with T = 0.1 sec.Draw the diect form II realization of digital filter. (8) 6. Design a high pass filter of length 7 samples with cut off frequency of 2 rad / sec using Hamming window. Plot its magnitude and phase response. (16) 7. For the constraints 0.8 H() 1.0 , 0 0.2 H() 0.2, 0.6 With T= 1 sec determine the system function H(z) for a Butterworth filter using bilinear transformation. (16) 8. Describe the effects of quantization in IIR filter. Consider a first order filter with difference equation y (n) = x (n) + 0.5 y (n-1).Assume that the data register length is 3 bits plus a sign bit. The input x (n) = 0.875 (n). Explain the limit cycle oscillations in the above filter, if quantization is preferred by means of rounding and signed magnitude representation is used. (16) 9. With a neat sketch explain the architecture of TMS 320 C54 processor. (16) 10. For the constraints 0.7 H() 1.0 , 0 /2 H() 0.2, 3/4 With T= 1 sec, design a Butterworth filter. (16) 11. Explain the quantization effects in design of digital filters. (16) 12. Discuss about the window functions used in design of FIR filters (8) 13. Obtain the cascade and parallel realization of system described by difference equation y(n) = -0.1 y(n-1) + 0.2 y(n-2) + 3x(n) +3.6 x(n-1) + 0.6 x(n-2) (10) 14. Design a digital Butterworth filter satisfying the following constraints with T= 1 sec, using Bilinear transformation. 0.707 H () 1.0, 0 /2 H () 0.2, 3/4 (16) 15. Design a digital Chebyshev filter satisfying the following constraints with T= 1 sec, using Bilinear transformation. 0.707 H () 1.0, 0 /2

 H () 0.2, 3/4 (16) th 18. Draw and explain cascade form structure for a 6 order FIR filter. (6) 19. Explain impulse invariance method of digital filter design. (10) 20. Derive an expression between s- domain and z- domain using bilinear transformation. Explain frequency warping. (10) 21. Draw the structure for IIR filter in direct form I and II for the following transfer Function H (z) = (2 + 3 z-1) (4+ 2 z-1 +3 z-2) / (1+0.6 z-1) (1+ z-1+0.5 z-2) (10) 22. Design a filter with Hd() = e-j2 - /4 /4 =0 /4 Using a Hamming window with N= 7 (16) 23. Discuss about frequency transformations in detail. (8) 24. Design a LPF with Hd() = e-j3 - 3/4 3/4 =0 3/4 Using a Hamming window with N= 7 (16) 25. Using the bilinear transformation and a low pass analog Butterworth prototype, design a low pass digital filter operating at a rate of 20 KHz and having pass band extending to a 4 KHz with a maximum pass band attenuation of 0.5 dB and stop band starting at 5KHzwith a minimum stop band attenuation of 10 dB. (16) 26. Using the bilinear transformation and a low pass analog Chebyshev type I prototype, design a low pass digital filter operating at a rate of 20 KHz and having pass band extending to a 4 KHz with a maximum pass band attenuation of 0.5 dB and stop band starting at 5KHzwith a minimum stop band attenuation of 10 dB. (16) 27. Obtain the cascade realization of linear phase FIR filter having system function H(z) = ( 1+1/2 z-1 + z-2) (2 + z-1 +2z-2) using minimum number of multipliers.(8) 28. Design an ideal Hilbert transformer having frequency response H(ej) = j for - 0 = -j for 0 for N=11, using i. rectangular window ii. Blackmann window 29. Obtain the direct form I, direct form II, cascade and parallel form of realization for the system y(n) = -0.1 y9n-1) + 0.2 y(n-2) + 3 x(n) + 3.6 x (n-1) + 0.6 x(n-2) 30. Using Bilinear transformation and a low pass analog Butterworth prototype, design a low pass digital filter operating at the rate of 20k Hz and having pass band extending to 4 kHz with maximum pass band attenuation of 10 dB and stop band starting at 5 kHz with a minimum stop band attenuation of 0.5 dB 31. Using Bilinear transformation and a low pass analog Chebyshev type I prototype, design a low pass digital filter operating at the rate of 20k Hz and having pass band extending to 4 kHz with maximum pass band attenuation of 10 dB and stop band starting at 5 kHz with a minimum stop band attenuation of 0.5 dB 32. Design a low pass filter using Hamming window for N=7 for the desired frequency Response D () = ej3 for -3 / 4 3 / 4 =0 for 3 / 4 33. Design an ideal differentiator for N=9 using Hanning and triangular window

UNIT V PART - A 1. Compare fixed point arithmetic and floating point arithmetic. 2. What is product quantization error or product round off error in DSP? 3. What are the quantization methods? 4. What is truncation and what is the error that arises due to truncation in floating point numbers? 5. What is meant by rounding? Discuss its effects? 6. What are the two kinds of limit cycle oscillations in DSP? 7. Why is rounding preferred to truncation in realizing digital filters? 8. What are the 3 quantization errors due to finite word length registers in digital filters? 9. List out the features of TMS 320 C54 processors. 10. What are the various interrupt types supported by TMS 320 C54? 11. Mention the function of program controller of DSP processor TMS 320 C54. 12. List the elements in program controller of TMS 320C54. 13. What do you mean by limit cycle oscillations? 14. What is pipelining? What is the pipeline depth of TMS 320 C54 processor? 15. What are the different buses of TMS 320 C54 processor? 16. What are quantization errors due to finite word length registers in digital filters? 17. Differentiate between Von Neumann and Harvard architecture. 18. Define limit cycle oscillations in recursive systems. 19. How to prevent overflow in digital filters? PART B 1. Describe the function of on chip peripherals of TMS 320 C54 processor. (12) 2. What are the different buses of TMS 320 C54 processor? Give their functions. (4) 3. Explain the function of auxiliary registers in the indirect addressing mode to point the data memory location. (8) 4. Explain about the MAC unit. (8) 5. What is meant by instruction pipelining? Explain with an example how pipelining increases through put efficiency. (8) 6. Explain the operation of TDM serial ports in P-DSPs (8) 7. Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with respect to the system described by the equation y (n) = 0.95 y (n-1) + x (n).Determine the dead band of the filter. (10) 8. Draw the product quantization noise model of second order IIR filter. (6) 9. In a cascaded realization of the first order digital filter, the system function of the individual section are H19z) = 1 / (1-0.9 z-1) and H2(z) = 1 / (1-0.8z-1). Draw the product quantization noise model of the system and determine the output noise power. (16) 10. Explain the statistical characterization of quantization effects in fixed point realization of digital filter. (16)

11. Give a detailed note on Direct memory Access controller in TMS 320 C54x processor. 12. Find the effect of quantization on the pole locations of the second order IIR filter Given by H(z) = 1 / (1-0.5z-1) (1- 0.45 z-1) when it is realized in direct form I and in cascade form. Assume a word length of 3 bits. 13. Determine the variance of the round off noise at the output of the two cascade realizations of the filters with system functions H1 (z) = 1 / 1-0.5 z-1 H2 (z) = 1 / 1- 0.25 z-1 Cascade I, H (z) = H1 (Z) H2 (z) Cascade II, H (z) = H2 (z) H1 (z)

Third Semester
09/06/2012 (FN)- Transforms and Partial Differential Equations 31/05/2012 (FN)- Data Structures and Algorithms 01/06/2012 (FN)- Electromagnetic Theory 02/06/2012 (FN)- Environmental Science and Engineering 04/06/2012 (FN)- Electronic Devices and Circuits 05/06/2012 (FN)- Measurements and Instrumentation

Fourth semester
08/05/2012 (FN)- Digital Logic Circuits 10/05/2012 (FN)- :Electrical Machines I 12/05/2012 (FN)- :Power Plant Engineering 15/05/2012 (FN)- :Linear Integrated Circuits and Application 17/05/2012 (FN)- :Control System 22/05/2012 (FN)- :Numerical Methods

Fifth Semester
28/05/2012 (FN)- Digital Signal Processing 29/05/2012 (FN)- Power Electronics

30/05/2012 (FN)- Electrical Machines II 24/05/2012 (FN)- Transmission and Distribution 07/06/2012 (FN)- Object Oriented Programming 08/06/2012 (FN)- Communication Engineering

Sixth semester
30/05/2012 (AN) - Robotics and Automation 07/05/2012 (AN) - Microprocessors and Microcontroller 09/05/2012 (FN)- :Power System Analysis 26/05/2012(AN) - Professional Ethics in Engineering 11/05/2012 (FN)- Solid State Drives 14/05/2012 (FN)- High Voltage Engineering 16/05/2012 (FN)- Design of Electrical Machines 21/05/2012(AN) - Fibre Optics and Laser Instruments 23/05/2012 (FN)- Power System Transients 25/05/2012 (FN)- Computer Networks

Seventh Semester
08/05/2012(AN) - Total Quality Management 18/05/2012(FN) - Principles of Management 18/05/2012(AN) - Power System Operation and Control 19/05/2012(AN) - Protection & Switchgear 23/05/2012 (AN)- Operating Systems 24/05/2012 (AN)- Computer Architecture (AN) Intelligent Control 09/06/2012 (AN)- Special Electrical Machines 31/05/2012 (AN)- Biomedical Instrumentation

Eighth Semester
28/05/2012 (AN) - Electric Energy Generation, Utilization and Conservation 12/05/2012 (AN) - Power Quality Operations Research High Voltage Direct Current Transmission 14/05/2012(AN) - Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Flexible AC Transmission Systems Fundamentals of Nanoscience 16/05/2012(AN) - VLSI Design