1.

Introduction Today's mobile devices are multi-functional devices capable of hosting a broad range of applications for both business and consumer use. Personal Digital Assistant - PDAs and the ever-growing category of smart phones allow people to access the Internet for e-mail, instant messaging, text messaging and Web browsing, as well as work documents, contact lists and more. Mobile devices are often seen as an extension to your own PC. Work done on the road, or away from the office can be synchronized with your PC to reflect changes and new information. The category of mobile devices include the following devices, as well as others: PDAs, Smartphones, Tablet PC. Just like a PC can run different operating systems (like Windows, Linux, BSD etc.) or different versions of the same operating system (like Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 etc.), mobile devices can also run different versions of the operating system they were made for and in exceptional cases, they might even be able to run operating systems they werent made for. Some of the more common and well-known Mobile operating systems include the following: Android, iOS, WebOS, Symbian 2. Mobile Operating System A mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other programs run, can run on mobile devices such as PDA, cellular phones, smartphone and etc. When you purchase a mobile device, the manufacturer will have chosen the operating system for that specific device. The operating system is responsible for determining the functions and features available on your device, such as thumbwheel, keyboards, WAP, synchronization with applications, e-mail, text messaging and more. The mobile operating system will also determine which third-party applications can be used on your device. Mobile operating system common consists of 4 layers (Figure 1): Applications: a set of core applications for user OS Libraries: contain code and data that provide services to independent programs Device Operating System Base, Kernel: core system service such as security, mem management, process management, network stack, driver model Low-Level Hardware, Manufacturer Device Drivers

Applications OS Libraries Device Operating System Base, Kernel Low-Level Hardware, Manufacturer Device Drivers Figure 1: Structure of Mobile OS Mobile OS is designed with some features as follow: Multitasking Scheduling Memory Allocation File System Interface Keypad Interface I/O Interface Protection and Security Multimedia features When you purchase a mobile device the manufacturer will have chosen the operating system for that specific device. Often, you will want to learn about the mobile operating system before you purchase a device to ensure compatibility and support for the mobile applications you want to use. There are many mobile operating systems. The followings demonstrate the most important ones: WebOS Meego OS Bada OS Symbian OS Linux OS Windows Mobile OS BlackBerry OS iPhone OS Google Android Platform

2.1 Palm WebOS Palm WebOS is Palm's next generation operating system. Designed around an in-credibly fast and beautiful user experience and optimized for the multi-tasking user, WebOS integrates the power of a window-based operating system with the simplicity of a browser. Applications are built using standard web technologies and languages, but have access to device-based services and data. Palm WebOS is designed to run on a variety of hardware with different screen sizes, resolutions and orientations, with or without keyboards and works best with a touchpanel though doesn't require one. Because the user interface and application model are built around a web browser, the range of suitable hardware platforms is quite wide, requiring only a CPU, some memory, a wireless data connection, a display, and a means for interacting with the UI and entering text. Palm has extended the standard web development environment through a JavaScript frame-work that gives standardized UI widgets, and access to selected device hardware and services. WebOS is designed around multi-tasking, and makes it utterly simple to run background applications, to switch between applications in a single step, and to easily handle interruptions and events without losing context. The WebOS SDK can run on Windows, Linux, Mac OS. The Palm WebOS is based on the Linux 2.6 kernel, with a combination of open source and Palm components providing user space services, referred to as the Core OS (Figure 2).

Figure 2: WebOS's structure UI System Manager: or UI SysMgr, is responsible for almost everything in the system that is user visible Applications: set of core apllicarions, user interface

 Mojo Framework: The Mojo framework is a JavaScript library that provides to you, the application developer, a number of classes and utility functions to both interact with webOS and the device its running on; it also seeks to make your JavaScript development life a little easier by providing some general-purpose utility-type code too. WebOS Services: including access to application data and cross-app launching, storage services, location services, cloud services, and accelerometer data. Core OS: The Core OS covers everything else: from the Linux kernel and drivers, up through the OS Services, Middleware, Wireless and Media subsystems. The core OS is based on a version of the Linux 2.6 kernel with the standard driver architecture managed by udev, with a proprietary boot loader. It supports an ext3 file - system for the internal (private) file partitions and fat32 for the media file partition, which can be externally mounted via USB for transferring media files to and from the device. 2.2 Meego OS MeeGo is a Linux-based platform that is capable of running on multiple computing devices, including handsets, netbooks, tablets, connected TVs and in-vehicle infotainment systems. The primary goal of the merger of the Maemo and Moblin projects was to unify the efforts of the Intels Moblin and Nokias Maemo communities and to enable a next generation open source Linux-platform suited for a variety of client devices. With Maemo is a software platform developed by Nokia for Smartphones and internet Tablet which is based on Debian Linux distribution. And Moblin (Mobile Linux) is Intels open source mobile operating system and application stack for mobile internet devices, netbooksMost importantly, MeeGo will be doing so while: Maintaining freedom for innovation Continuing the tradition of community involvement (inherited from Maemo and Moblin) Accelerating time-to-market for a new set of applications, services and user experiences With the merger, the MeeGo project has now the opportunity to significantly expand the market opportunities on a wide range of devices and support multiple chip architectures (ARM and x86) from the get go. MeeGo also provide a rich cross-platform development environment so applications can span multiple platforms and will unify developers providing a wealth of applications and

services. Such opportunities for instances were out of reach for Maemo and Moblin individually. Furthermore, MeeGo is committed to work in the upstream projects so that everyone using those upstream projects can benefit from MeeGos contributions to upstream projects; we will discuss this later in the article. MeeGo provides a full open source software stack from core operating system up to user interface libraries and tools. Furthermore, it offers user experience reference implementations and allows proprietary add-ons to be added by vendors to support hardware, services, or customized user experiences. Figure illustrates the MeeGo architecture as divided into three layers: The MeeGo OS Base layer consists of the Hardware Adaptation Software required to adapt MeeGo to support various hardware architectures and the Linux kernel and core services The MeeGo OS Middleware layer provides a hardware and usage model independent API for building both native applications and web run time applications The MeeGo User Experience (UX) layer provides reference user experiences for multiple platform segments.

Figure 3: Meego Reference Architecture Figure 3 offers a component level view of the MeeGo architecture highlighting the various building blocks inside each of the architectural layers and featuring the open source projects used to provide the implementation of the referenced building blocks.

The MeeGo open source project is unique in that it offers benefits to everyone in the ecosystem starting from the developer all the way up to the operator and the industry as a whole. Meego allows participants to get involved and contribute to an industry-wide evolution towards richer devices, to rapidly address opportunities and to focus on differentiation in their target markets. Meego already has some features as follow: Full open source project governed according to best practices of open source development: Open discussion forums, open mailing lists, open technical steering committee meetings, peer review, open bugzilla, etc. Hosted under the auspices of the Linux Foundation. Aligned closely with upstream projects MeeGo requires that submitted patches also be submitted to the appropriate upstream projects and be on a path for acceptance. Offers a complete software stack including reference user experience implementations. Offers a compliance program to ensure API and ABI compatibility (Compliance program discussed in a later section) . Enables all players of the industry to participate in the evolution of the software platform and to build their own assets on MeeGo. Lowers complexity for targeting multiple device segments. Offers differentiation abilities through user experience customization Provides a rich cross-platform development environment and tools Offers a compliance program to certify software stacks and application portability Supports multiple hardware architectures Supports multiple app stores Has no contributors agreements to sign; instead it follows the same signedoff-by language and process as the Linux Kernel Has over 1000 committed professional developers and hundreds of open source developers and a very a vibrant community of users and developers (~ 8000 subscribed to meego.com) MeeGo Netbook release supports the following languages: Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Swedish, Polish, Finnish, Italian, Brazilian Portuguese, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Dutch, English, and British English SDK platform availability: Linux, Window

2.3 Bada OS Bada is a proprietary Samsung mobile OS that was first launched in 2010. It is designed to cover the range from lower end feature phone to high end Smartphone. Samsung claim that bada will rapidly replace its proprietary feature phone platform, converting feature phones to smartphones. The Samsung Wave was the first smartphone to use this mobile OS. Some of badas features include new UI controls, location-based services, Flash support, and sensor support, as well as in-app-purchasing, content management, SNS integration, and push notification. it has a web browser control based on the opensource WebKit, and also features Adobe Flash, supporting Flash 9. Both WebKit and Flash can be embedded inside native bada applications. bada offers interactive mapping with Point of interest(POI) features, which can also be embedded inside native applications. It supports pinch-to-zoom, tabbed browsing, and cut, copy, and paste. Bada support various mechanisms to enhance interaction: various sensors, such as motion sensing, vibration control, face detection, accelerometer, GPSMultipoint touch is also supported. SDK platform availability only Mac OS. The following figure illustrates the bada architecture.

Figure 4: Bada Architecture The bada architecture consists of the following four layers: Kernel: This layer contains either the real-time operating system or the Linux kernel, depending on device hardware configuration. Device: This layer contains the core functions of the mobile device platform that are provided by the device operating system, graphics and multimedia functionality, and communication components. These functions include, for

example, telephony, security, graphics, and event and window management. Service: This layer contains the service-oriented functions that are provided by application engines and server-assisted components. The application engines provided by the service layer include Contact and Messaging engines. The server-assisted features are provided by RESTful Web-service components that interconnect with the service components. Access to these features is possible through APIs (application program interfaces) on the Framework layer. Framework: This layer contains C++ and Web frameworks of bada. The C++ framework consists of the application framework, as well as interfaces and classes that provide access to the functionality on the underlying layers. The application framework provides features for application life-cycle management, event handling, and application controls. The interfaces provided by the open API framework include several basic interfaces that are needed by all applications for handling data types, utilities, basic device features, and application states, and for creating the user interface. The Web framework provides well-established standards and features, such as WAC 2.0, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, as well as JavaScript-based cross-platform APIs for UI controls and events. 2.4 Symbian OS The smartphone operating system Symbian OS is produced by the software developer and licensing company Symbian Ltd. Now, on this day, Nokia is owner of Symbian. Symbian OS is open source 32 bit, little-endian operating system, running on different flavors of ARM architecture. It is a multitasking operating system and very less dependence on peripherals. There are some features of Symbian OS: Real-time: it has a real-time, multithreaded kernel. Data Caging: it allows applications to have their own private data partition. This feature allows for applications to guarantee a secure data store. It can be used for e-commerce applications, location aware applications and etc. Multimedia: it supports audio, video recording, playback and streaming, and Image conversion Platform Security: Symbian provides a security mechanism against malware. It allows sensitive operations can be accessed by applications which have been certified by a signing authority. In addition, it supports full encryption and certificate management, secure protocols ( HTTPS, TLS and SSL) and WIM framework. Internationalization support: it supports Unicode standard.

 Fully object-oriented and component- based Optimized memory management Client- server architecture: described in previous slides, it provides simple and high-efficient inter-process communication. This feature also eases porting of code written for other platforms to Symbian OS. A Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL): This layer provides a consistent interface to hardware and supports device-independency Kernel offers hard real-time guarantees to kernel and user mode threads. SDK platform availability: Window Symbian has a microkernel architecture, which means that the minimum necessary is within the kernel to maximize robustness, availability and responsiveness. The following demonstrates the Symbian OS architecture:

Figure 5: Symbian Architecture UI Framework: provides the framework & libraries for constructing a user interface Application Service: provides support independent of the user interface for apps System-level services Services support generic types of app & app-like services (quick office, ovi sync...) Services based on more generic but app-centric technologies (mail, messaging & browsing) Java ME: a set of technologies, specifications and libraries developed for small

devices OS Service: providing the servers, frameworks, libraries. Divided into 4 major blocks: Generic operating system Communications Multimedia and graphic Connectivity Base Service: provides the lowest level of user-side services, includes the File Server & the user library Kernel Service & Hardware Interface: contains the operating system kernel, support components which abstract the interfaces to the underlying hardware 2.5 Linux OS It is known as Embedded Linux which is used in embedded computer systems such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants, media players and other consumer devices. In spite of Linux operating system designed for Servers and desktops, the Embedded Linux is designed for devices which have relatively limited resources such as small size of RAM, storage, screen, limited power and etc. Then, they should have an optimized kernel. There are some features of Linux OS: It is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS). It meets deadlines and switch context It has relatively a small footprint. Today, mobile phones can ship with a small memory. Thus, OS must not seek to occupy a large amount of available storage. It should have a small foot print. Theoretically, they deploy in a footprint of 1MB or less. It is open source. It has no cost for licensing. With ARM and MIPS structures: Embedded CPU architectures like ARM and MIPS offer small instruction sets and special execution modes that shrinks application size and consequently generates smaller code. The following demonstrates the Linux OS architecture:

Figure 6: Linux Architecture Application user's interface - AUI: Interface between Kernel & user Allow user to make commands to the system Divided into text based and graphical based System call interface : Comprise a set of functions (often known as API) that can be used by the applications and library routines to use the services provided by the kernel Kernel: includes device driver support for a large number of PC hardware devices. It is resource manager. Whether the resource being managed is a process, memory, or hardware device, the kernel manages and arbitrates access to the resource between multiple competing users 2.6 Windows Mobile OS Windows Mobile OS is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Microsoft for smartphones and Pocket PCs. It is based on the Windows CE kernel and first appeared as the Pocket PC 2000 operating system. It is supplied with a suite of basic applications developed with the Microsoft Windows API, and is designed to have features and appearance somewhat similar to desktop versions of Windows. Third parties can develop software for Windows Mobile with no restrictions imposed by Microsoft. Some software applications can be purchased from Windows Marketplace for Mobile until it is discontinued on 9 May 2012. In February 2010 Microsoft announced a new phone platform, Windows Phone, to supersede Windows Mobile, incompatible with Windows Mobile devices and software. The SDK platform only run on windows. Most versions of Windows Mobile have a set of standard features such as multitasking and the ability to navigate a file system similar to that of Windows

9x/Windows NT, with support for many of the same file types. Much like its desktop counterpart it comes bundled with a set of applications to perform basic tasks. Internet Explorer Mobile is the default internet browser and Windows media Player is used for media playback, such as video and music. Microsoft Office Mobile, the mobile versions of Microsoft Office applications, including outlook Mobile is the default office suite. The ability to install third party software has existed since the original Pocket PC implimentations. A client for PPTP VPNs is standard. Internet Connection Sharing is supported on compatible devices, which in mobile phones allows the phone to make its Internet connection available to computers via USB and Bluetooth. Most devices with mobile connectivity include a Radio Interface Layer. The RIL provides the system interface between the CellCore layer within the Windows Mobile OS and the radio protocol stack used by the wireless modem hardware. This allows OEMs to integrate a variety of modems into their equipment. The user interface has changed much between versions but the basic functionality has remained similar. The Today Screen, later called the Home Screen, shows the current date, owner information, upcoming appointments, e-mail messages, and tasks. The taskbar shows the current time and the audio volume and of devices with a cellular radio the signal strength. Figure show the architecture of Windows Mobile OS:

Figure 7: Microsoft Windows Mobile Architecture

2.7 BlackBerry OS The BlackBerry OS is a proprietary mobile operating system developed by Research In Motion for use on the companys popular BlackBerry handheld devices. The operating system is designed for use of input devices such as the track wheel, track ball, and track pad. The OS provides support for Java MIDP 1.0 and WAP 1.2. The BlackBerry platform is popular with corporate users as it offers synchronization with Microsoft Exchange, Lotus Domino, Novell GroupWise email and other business software, when used with the BlackBerry Enterprise Server. OS 5.0 provides a subset of MIDP 2.0, and allows complete wireless activation and synchronization with Exchange email, calendar, tasks, notes and contacts, and adds support for Novell Group Wise and Lotus Notes. Thirdparty developers can write software using these APIs, and proprietary BlackBerry APIs as well. Any application that makes use of certain restricted functionality must be digitally signed so that it can be associated to a developer account at RIM. This signing procedure guarantees the authorship of an application but does not guarantee the quality or security of the code. RIM provides tools for developing applications and themes for BlackBerry. Applications and themes can be loaded onto BlackBerry devices through BlackBerry App World, Over The Air (OTA) through the BlackBerry mobile browser, or through BlackBerry Desktop Manager. It is limited number of applications and devices available, SDK platform only run on windows. The structure of the BlackBerry platform architecture is shown below:

Figure 8: BlackBerry Architecture 2.8 iPhone OS Apple's iPhone OS was originally developed for use on its iPhone devices. Now, the mobile operating system is referred to as iOS and is supported on a number of Apple devices including the iPhone, iPad, iPad 2 and iPod Touch. The iOS mobile operating

system is available only on Apple's own manufactured devices as the company does not license the OS for third-party hardware. Apple iOS is derived from Apple's Mac OS X operating system. The iOS architecture is similar to the basic architecture found in Mac OS X. The implementation of iOS technologies can be viewed as a set of layers, which are shown in Figure . At the lower layers of the system are the fundamental services and technologies on which all applications rely; higher-level layers contain more sophisticated services and technologies.

Figure 9: iOS Architecture Cocoa Touch layer: The Cocoa Touch layer contains the key frameworks for building iOS applications. This layer defines the basic application infrastructure and support for key technologies such as multitasking, touchbased input, push notifications, and many high-level system services. When designing your applications, you should investigate the technologies in this layer first to see if they meet your needs. Media layer: The Media layer contains the graphics, audio, and video technologies geared toward creating the best multimedia experience available on a mobile device. The technologies in this layer were designed to make it easy for you to build applications that look and sound great. Core Services layer: The Core Services layer contains the fundamental system services that all applications use. Even if you do not use these services directly, many parts of the system are built on top of them. Core OS layer: The Core OS layer contains the low-level features that most other technologies are built upon. Even if you do not use these technologies directly in your applications, they are most likely being used by other frameworks. And in situations where you need to explicitly deal with security or communicating with an external hardware accessory, you do so using the frameworks in this layer. iPhone OS has some features as follow:

 Supports real-time behavior Support multitasking Each application has access to its own 4 GB address space Simple and intuitive user interface Sensitivity speaks, UltraSmooth Navigation Appstore support from Apple for its tablet optimized apps, games iOS is a closed platform Lack of support for Adobe Flash and widgets Media Sharing goes Complex Restrictions with Bluetooth file transfer SDK platform availability: only Mac OS 2.9 Google Android Platform Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. The Android SDK provides the tools and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. Android has various advantage such. The biggest advantages of Android is an open platform and free. So many manufacturers that can design a variety of software is loaded on the Android system. Android display system can be changed to horizontal or vertical, making it easier for the user in finding an adequate picture you want. If you have a phone with Android consistently then you can download and install several free programs for Android. You can see in the Android Market through applications based on Android, Google Chrome. With Google Chrome you can open many windows at once. Many Android applications have been, until April 2011 has reached 250,000 applications for Android. With the support of many applications, the user can change the screen display. Android phones can also function as a router to share Internet. Although there are many advantages of the Android operating system, this system also has shortcomings. Android Linux-based system, so as to modify Andor, the user must know the commands on the Linux system, and should log on as administrator. Not only is the installation of Program, each phone has a different way. The lack of compatibility all users of Android phones, we must learn again if Android phones to replace with other brands. Even to show any recovery mode, an Android phone has a different way. One drawback of the phones that use this system is the need for internet connection continually. In this case, users should be prepared to subscribe to GPRS packet as

needed. In addition, by using this operating system, users will get ads that are displayed when using the application. There are some features of Android: Application framework enabling reuse and replacement of components Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices Integrated browser based on the open source WebKit engine Optimized graphics powered by a custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics based on the OpenGL ES 1.0 specification (hardware acceleration optional) SQLite for structured data storage Media support for common audio, video, and still image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF) GSM Telephony (hardware dependent) Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent) Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent) Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the Eclipse IDE Availability of applications through Googles Android store Full support adobe flash Optimized user interface Support high end devices and dual core processors Lot of useful widgets and customizable home screen It is complete open source SDK platform availability: Mac OS, Linux, Window The following diagram shows the major components of the Android operating system:

Figure 10: Android Architecture Linux Kernel: Android relies on Linux for core system services such as security, memory management, process management and etc. Android Runtime: it provides a set of core libraries which supports most of the functionality in the core libraries of Java. The Android Virtual Machine known as Dalvik VM relies on the Linux kernel for some underlying functionality such as threading, Libraries: Android includes a set of C/C++ libraries. These libraries are exposed to developers through the Android application framework. They include media libraries, system C libraries, surface manager, 3D libraries, SQLite and etc. Application Framework: it provides an access layer to the framework APIs used by the core applications. It allows components to be used by the developers. Applications: Android will ship with a set of core applications including an email client, SMS program, calendar, maps, browser, contacts, and others. All applications are written using the Java programming language 2.10 Android versions Android has seen a number of updates since its original release, each fixing bugs and adding new features. Each version is named, in alphabetical order, after a dessert. Note: API Level is an integer value that uniquely identifies the framework API revision offered by a version of the Android platform.

The Android platform provides a framework API that applications can use to interact with the underlying Android system. The framework API consists of: A core set of packages and classes A set of XML elements and attributes for declaring a manifest file A set of XML elements and attributes for declaring and accessing resources A set of Intents A set of permissions that applications can request, as well as permission enforcements included in the system There are some versions are common: 2.11 Version 1.0 Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the software, was released on 23 September 2008, based on Linux 2.6. The first Android device, the HTC Dream (G1), incorporated the following Android 1.0 features: API level: 1 Android Market application download and updates through the Market app Web browser to show, zoom and pan full HTNL and XHTML web pages multiple pages show as windows ("cards") Camera support however this version lacked the option to change the camera's resolution, white balance, quality, etc Folders allowing the grouping of a number of app icons into a single folder icon on the Home screen Access to web email servers, supporting POP3, IMAP4, and SMTP Gmail synchronization with the Gmail app Google Contacts synchronization with the People app Google Calendar synchronization with the Calendar app Google Maps with Latitude and Street View to view maps and satellite imagery, as well as find local business and obtain driving directions using GPS Google Sync, allowing management of over-the-air synchronization of Gmail, People, and Calendar Google Search, allowing users to search the Internet and phone apps, contacts,

calendar, etc Google Talk instant messaging Instant messaging, text messaging, and MMS Media Player, enabling management, importing, and playback of media files however, this version lacked video and stereo Bluetooth support Notifications appear in the Status bar, with options to set ringtone, LED or vibration alerts Voice Dialer allows dialing and placing of phone calls without typing a name or number Wallpaper allows the user to set the background image or photo behind the Home screen icons and widgets You tube video player Other apps include: Alarm Clock, Calculator, Dialer (Phone), Home screen (launcher), Pictures (Gallery), and Settings Wi-Fi and Bluetooth support 2.12 Version 1.1 On 9 February 2009, the Android 1.1 update was released, initially for the T-Mobile G1 only. The update resolved bugs, changed the API and added a number of other features: API level: 2 Details and reviews available when a user searches for businesses on Maps Longer in-call screen timeout default when using the speakerphone, plus ability to show/hide dialpad Ability to save attachments in messages Support added for marquee in system layouts 2.13 Cup Cake (OS 1.5) On 30 April 2009, the Android 1.5 update, dubbed Cupcake, was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.27. The update included several new features and UI amendments: API level: 3 Platform highlight Support for third-party virtual keyboards with text prediction and user dictionary for custom words Support for Widgets- miniature application views that can be embedded in

other applications (such as the Home screen) and receive periodic updates Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and 3GP formats Auto-pairing and stereo support for Bluetooth added (A2DP and AVRCP profiles) Copy and paste features added to web browser User pictures shown for Favorites in Contacts Specific date/time stamp shown for events in call log, and one-touch access to a contact card from call log event Animated screen transitions Ability to upload videos to You tube Ability to upload photos to Picasa 2.14 Donut (OS 1.6) On 15 September 2009, the Android 1.6 SDK dubbed Donut was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29. Included in the update were numerous new features: API level: 4 Platform highlight Voice and text entry search enhanced to include bookmark history, contacts, and the web Ability for developers to include their content in search results Multi-lingual speech synthesis engine to allow any Android application to "speak" a string of text Easier searching and ability to view app screenshots in Android Market Gallery, camera and camcorder more fully integrated, with faster camera access Ability for users to select multiple photos for deletion Updated technology support for CDMA/EVDO, 802.1x, VPNs, and a text-tospeech engine Support for WVGA screen resolutions Speed improvements in searching and camera applications Expanded Gesture framework and new GestureBuilder development tool

2.15 Eclair (OS 2.0/2.1) On 26 October 2009, the Android 2.0 SDK (API level: 5) codenamed Eclair was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.29, updated to version 2.1 on 12 January 2010 with change API (API level: 7) and bug fixes. Changes included: Platform highlight Expanded Account sync, allowing users to add multiple accounts to a device for email- and contact-synchronization Exchange email support, with combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page Bluetooth 2.1 support Ability to tap a Contacts photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person Ability to search all saved SMS and MMS messages, with delete oldest messages in a conversation automatically deleted when a defined limit is reached Numerous new camera features, including flash support, digital zoom, scene mode, white balance, color effect and macro focus Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard, with smarter dictionary that learns from word usage and includes contact names as suggestions Refreshed browser UI with bookmark thumbnails, double-tap zoom and support for HTML5 Calendar agenda view enhanced, showing attending status for each invitee, and ability to invite new guests to events Optimized hardware speed and revamped UI Support for more screen sizes and resolutions, with better contrast ratio Improved Google Maps 3.1.2 MotionEvent class enhanced to track multi-touch events Addition of live wallpapers, allowing the animation of home-screen background images to show movement 2.16 Froyo (OS 2.2) On 20 May 2010, the Android 2.2 (Froyo) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.32. Its features included: API level: 8 Platform highlight

 Speed, memory, and performance optimizations Additional application speed improvements, implemented through JIT compilation Integration of Chromes V8 JavaScript engine into the Browser application Support for the Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) service, enabling push notifications Improved Microsoft Exchange support, including security policies, autodiscovery, GAL look-up, calendar synchronization and remote wipe Improved application launcher with shortcuts to Phone and Browser applications USB tethering and Wi-Fi hotpost functionality Added an option to disable data access over mobile network Updated Market application with batch and automatic update features Quick switching between multiple keyboard languages and their dictionaries Voice dialing and contact sharing over Bluetooth Support for Bluetooth-enabled car and desk docks Support for numeric and alphanumeric passwords Support for file upload fields in the Browser application Support for installing applications to the expandable memory Adobe Flash support Support for extra-high-PPI screens (320 ppi), such as 4" 720p Gallery allows users to view picture stacks using a zoom gesture 2.17 Gingerbread (OS 2.3) On 6 December 2010, the Android 2.3 (Gingerbread) SDK was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.35. Changes included: API level: 9 Platform highlight Updated user interface design with increased simplicity and speed Support for extra-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher) Native support for SIP VoIP internet telephony Faster, more intuitive text input in virtual keyboard, with improved accuracy,

better suggested text and voice input mode Enhanced copy/paste functionality, allowing users to select a word by presshold, copy, and paste Support for Near Field Communication (NFC), allowing the user to read an NFC tag embedded in a poster, sticker, or advertisement New audio effects such as reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost New Download Manager, giving users easy access to any file downloaded from the browser, email, or another application Support for multiple cameras on the device, including a front-facing camera, if available Support for WebM/VP8 video playback, and AAC audio encoding Improved power management with a more active role in managing apps that are keeping the device awake for too long Enhanced support for native code development Switched from YAFFS to ext4 on newer devices Audio, graphical, and input enhancements for game developers Concurrent garbage collection for increased performance Native support for more sensors (such as gyroscopes and barometers) 2.18 Gingerbread (OS 2.3.3 2.3.7) Released from February to September 2011, included several improvements, API changes and bug fixes: API level: 10 Support voice or video chat using Google Tallk Improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G, among other fixes and improvements Fixed Bluetooth bug on Samsung Galaxy S Improved Gmail application Shadow animations for list scrolling Camera software enhancements Improved battery efficiency Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G.

2.19 Honeycomb (OS 3.0) On 22 February 2011, the Android 3.0 (Honeycomb) SDK the first tablet -only Android update was released, based on Linux kernel 2.6.36. The first device featuring this version, the Motorola Xoom tablet, was released on 24 February 2011. Changes included: API level: 11 Platform highlight Optimized tablet support with a new virtual and holographic user interface Added System Bar, featuring quick access to notifications, status, and soft navigation buttons, available at the bottom of the screen Added Action Bar, giving access to contextual options, navigation, widgets, or other types of content at the top of the screen Simplified multitasking tapping Recent Apps in the System Bar allows users to see snapshots of the tasks underway and quickly jump from one app to another Redesigned keyboard, making typing fast, efficient and accurate on larger screen sizes Simplified, more intuitive copy/paste interface Multiple browser tabs replacing browser windows, plus form auto-fill and a new incognito mode allowing anonymous browsing Quick access to camera exposure, focus, flash, zoom, front-facing camera, time-lapse, and more Ability to view albums and other collections in full-screen mode in Gallery, with easy access to thumbnails for other photos New two-pane Contacts UI and Fast Scroll to let users easily organize and locate contacts New two-pane Email UI to make viewing and organizing messages more efficient, allowing users to select one or more messages Support for video chat using Google Talk Hardware acceleration Support for multi-core processors Ability to encrypt all user data Not full open source Only optimize for tablet

2.20 Honeycomb (OS 3.1) The 3.1 SDK was released on 10 May 2011. Changes included: API level: 12 Platform highlight UI refinements Connectivity for USB accessories Expanded Recent Apps list Resizable Home screen widgets Support for external keyboards and pointing devices Support for joysticks and gamepads Support for FLAC audio playback High-performance Wi-Fi lock, maintaining connections when device screen is off Not full open source Only optimize for tablet 2.21 Honeycomb (OS 3.2) The 3.2 SDK was released on 15 July 2011, first appearing on Huaweis MediaPad tablet, updated to version 3.2.1 on 20 September 2011. Changes included: API level: 13 Improved hardware support, including optimizations for a wider range of tablets Increased ability of apps to access files on the SD card, e.g. for synchronization Compatibility display mode for apps that have not been optimized for tablet screen resolutions New display support functions, giving developers more control over display appearance on different Android devices Bug fixes and minor security, stability and Wi-Fi improvements Update to Android Market with automatic updates and easier-to-read Terms and Condition text Update to Google books Improved Adobe Flash support in browser high-performance Wi-Fi

Support for HTTP proxy for each connected Wi-Fi access point

 Improved Chinese handwriting prediction 2.22 Ice Cream Sandwich (OS 4.0 4.0.2) Android 4.0 codenamed Ice Cream Sandwich, and based on Linux kernel 3.0.1 was previewed at the May 2011 Google I/O event, and officially launched at the Galaxy Nexus and Ice Cream Sandwich release event on 19 October 2011. The SDK for Android 4.0.1 was publicly released on 19 October 2011. Google's Gabe Cohen stated that Android 4.0 was "theoretically compatible" with any Android 2.3.x device in production at that time. The source code for Android 4.0 became available on 14 November 2011, three days before the Galaxy Nexus was released. The Android 4.0.2 update was released on 28 November 2011, and fixed minor bugs on the Verizon Galaxy Nexus, the US launch of which was later delayed until December 2011. New features included: Platform highlight Enhanced speed and performance Virtual buttons in the UI, in place of capacitive or physical buttons Separation of widgets in a new tab, listed in a similar manner to apps Easier-to-create folders, with a drag-and-drop style A customizable launcher Improved visual voicemail with the ability to speed up or slow down voicemail messages Pinch-to-zoom functionality in the calendar Offline search, a two-line preview, and new action bar at the bottom of the Gmail app Ability to swipe left or right to switch between Gmail conversations Integrated screenshot capture (accomplished by holding down the Power and Volume-Down buttons) Improved error correction on the keyboard Ability to access apps directly from lock screen (similar to HTC Sense 3.x) Improved copy and paste functionality Better voice integration and continuous, real-time speech to text dictation Face Unlock, a feature that allows users to unlock handsets using facial

recognition software New tabbed web browser, allowing up to 16 tabs Automatic syncing of browser with users' Chrome bookmarks A new typeface family for the UI, Roboto Data Usage section in settings that lets users set warnings when they approach a certain usage limit, and disable data use when the limit is exceeded Ability to shut down apps that are using data in the background Improved camera app with zero shutter lag, time lapse settings, panorama mode, and the ability to zoom while recording Built-in photo editor New gallery layout, organized by location and person Refreshed "People" app with social network integration, status updates and hires images Android Beam, a near-field communication feature allowing the rapid shortrange exchange of web bookmarks, contact info, directions, YouTube videos and other data Hardware acceleration of the UI Wi-Fi Direct 1080p video recording for stock Android devices 2.23 Ice Cream Sandwich (OS 4.0.3) The Android 4.0.3 update was first released on 16 December 2011. It included a number of bug fixes and optimizations, and offered improvements to graphics, databases, spellchecking and Bluetooth functionality, along with new APIs (API level = 15) for developers, including a social stream API in the Contacts provider. Other features included Calendar provider enhancements, new camera apps enhancing video stabilization and QVGA resolution, and accessibility refinements such as improved content access for screen readers. Google indicates that they will "be focusing our partners on Android 4.0.3 as the base version of Ice Cream Sandwich. 2.24 Current Distribution The following pie chart and table is based on the number of Android devices that have accessed Google Play within a 14-day period ending on the data collection date noted below.

1.10% 0.10%

2.10%

0.40%

1.20%

0.80%

0.40%

Android 1.5 Android 1.6 Android 2.1 Android 2.2

6.60%

25.30%

Android 2.3 -Android 2.3.2 Android 2.3.3 -Android 2.3.7 Android 3.0 Android 3.1

61.50% 0.50%

Android 3.2 Android 4.0 -Android 4.0.2 Android 4.0.3

Figure 11: Data collected during a 14-day period ending on March 5, 2012

3. nh gi tng quan v cc dng CPU s dng trong my tnh bng

3.1 Tng quan v th trng my tnh bng Hin nay trn th trng Vit Nam xut hin kh nhiu cc sn phm my tnh bng (Tablet) vi mu m v tnh nng a dng. in hnh trong dng sn phm cao cp, chng ta c th k n Ipad1/2 Apple, Galaxy Tab (10.1, 7.7, 7.0)- Samsung, Transformer Asus Vi dng my tnh bng tm trung v thp cp, cc sn phm hin nay tp trung ch yu ca cc hng: Archos (Archos70 IT, Archos G2, ), Amazon (Kindle Fire), Lenovo (Ideal Pad A1), Huawei (Media Pad 7) v mt s lng khng nh cc sn phm c ngun gc xut x t Trung Quc (TECLAST, ICOO, ONDA, JXD, Benss). i vi cc sn phm tablet ca Vit Nam c th k n hai i din tiu biu l: FPT Tablet ca tp on cng ngh FPT v PI (C, N, T series) ca PIVietnam. Tuy nhin, cc sn phm ny u c t hng v lp rp ti Trung Quc v cc hng ch ng vai tr pht trin cc gi ng dng i km theo cho sn phm. 3.2 Kho st v cc b vi x l thng dng trong my tnh bng Khng ch i vi my tnh bng m vi c cc sn phm in t khc (PC, laptop, in thoi), b x l ng vai tr l b no ca thit b. Vic quyt nh la chon mt b x l c cc c tnh nh th no quyt nh n kh nng x l cc tc v

ca my. a phn b x l trong cc my tnh bng hin nay u c thit k theo kiu SoC (System on Chip), c tch hp li x l chnh theo kin trc ARM (ARM 11, ARM Cortex-A8, ARM Cortex-A9) cng vi li x l ha, video v cc khi iu khin ngoi vi (USB, I2C, SPI, HDMI).

Hnh 1.1 S h thng dng chip OMAP 44xx ca TI Theo kho st ca nhm nghin cu i vi cu hnh ca mt s tablet ph bin trn th trng, cc dng vi x l hay c s dng gm c: OMAP 44xx, OMAP 36xx ca Texas Instrument Tegra2, Tegra 3 ca NVIDIA Snapdragon S2, S3, S4 ca Qualcomm TCC 88xx, TCC 890x ca Telechips Exynos 3110, Exynos 4210 ca Samsung Bng 3-1: Bng thng k b vi x l v h iu hnh trong cc tablet thng dng STT Product Processor Company Version OS Arch

name 1.2 Ghz dualTosiba Excite core OMAP Tosiba 10 4430 (TI) Transformer Price TF201 NVIDIA tegra 3 (4 core) 1.3 Asus GHz Snapdragon MSM8260 1.2GHz Huawei 3.2 Honeycomb 4.0 cream Sandwich 3.2 Honeycomb Ice

ARM cotex A9

ARM A9 Scorpion (Similar

cortex

Media 7

Pad

to

arch of ARM cortex A8) ARM CortexA8 ARM CortexA9 ARM CortexA8 ARM CortexA9 ARM CortexA9 ARM CortexA9 ARM CortexA9 ARM Cortex-

Child Pad

Single core Archos 1GHz

4.0 ICS

Nook Tablet Arnova

TI OMAP 4430 2.3 Dual-core Noble&Barnes Gingerbread 1GHz single- Archos 4210 1.4 Samsung 4.0 ICS 2.3 Gingerbread

G2 Rock chip 2918 10, 1GHz core Exynos Dual-core GHz

(7c, 8, 10c)

Galaxy Note 10.1 Galaxy 7 Tab

1.2 Ghz Dualcore (Exynos Samsung processor)

2.2 Froyo

1.2 Ghz DualGalaxy Tab 7 core (Exynos Samsung Plus processor) G- Tablet Archos Tegra2 T20 Viewsonic dual-core 1Ghz 101 TI OMAP 4460 Archos

3.2 Honeycomb 2.2 Froyo 3.2

10 11

turbo G9

1.5 GHz dualcore TI OMAP 3622 1GHz

Honeycomb 2.3 Gingerbread 2.2 Froyo

A9 ARM CortexA8 ARM CortexA8 ARM 11 ARM CortexA8 ARM A9 ARM A9 ARM A5 Cortex Cortex

12 13

IdeaPad A1 PI T002

Lenovo

Free scale Pivietnam 800MHz Telechips TCC9802 720MHz TI OMAP 3630 1GHz Pivietnam

14

PI 002

2.2 Froyo

15

Archos 70 IT

Archos

2.2 Froyo 2.3 Gingerbread iOS

16

Kindle Fire

TI OMAP 4430 1GHz Amazon dual-core 1GHz Apple A5 dual-core Qualcomm MSM7227 600MHz ARMv6 Apple

17

Ipad 2

Cortex

18

FPT Tablet

FPT

2.2 Froyo

19

Touch pad

Qualcomm Snap Dragon S3 APQ 8060 HP 1,2-1,5 Ghz dual-core

Scopion Web OS (ARM A9) cortex

Tuy nhin, th phn CPU ginh cho my tnh bng ca cc hng li khng ng u. Da theo ngun tin t www.wikipedia.org xc nh cc loi tablet c mt ti th trng Vit Nam th b x l ca Qualcomm chim phn ln nht (46%), tip sau l TI OMAP v NVIDIA vi ln lt 25% v 15%. Bng 3-2 Bng thng k s lung cc b x l ca cc hng trn th trng Vit Nam

CPU S lng thit b

TI OMAP 83

NVDIA Tegra 49

TELECHIPS TCC88xx, 890x 30

QUALCOMM Snap Dragon 154

SAMSUNG Exynos 17

Vietnam market
5% 25% TI OMAP NVIDIA TEGRA TELECHIPS 46% 15% QUALCOMM SS EXYNOS

9%

M rng kho st, nhm nghin cu tip tc tm hiu th trng cc my tnh bng ti Trung Quc, thng qua website: www.alibaba.com .C n 84% s my tnh bng c rao bn trn trang web ny s dng b x l ca hng Telechips, phn cn li thuc v vi x l ca cc hng ALLwinner, NVIDIA, Qualcomm. Bng 3-3 Bng thng k s lung cc b x l ca cc hng trn th trng Trung Quc CPU S lng thit b TI OMAP 100 NVDIA Tegra 824 TELECHIPS QUALCOMM ALLWinner 20304 277 2781

Ch yu cc sn phm tablet trong th trng Trung Quc u c mc gi rt hp l t khong 130$ n 250$. Tuy nhin ch c mt s t tablet i mi c ci t h

iu hnh Android ICS 4.0, cn a phn cc tablet u c ci t Android OS 2.3 hoc 2.2.

0%

China market
12% 3%

1%

TI OMAP NVIDIA TEGRA TELECHIPS QUALCOMM ALL WINNER

84%

3.3 nh gi cc thng s v c tnh trong cc CPU Vic nh gi cc b x l cho my tnh bng da trn cc tiu ch sau: Tc v kin trc ca b nhn x l. Dung lng v tc ti a c h tr ca b nh chnh. Kh nng gii m 2D, 3D ca b x l ha. Cc nh dng h tr m ha v gii m video, audio. Dung lng c h tr ti a ca b nh ngoi. phn gii ti a c h tr ca camera, tc m ha/ gii m nh JPEG. phn gii ti a ca mn hnh hin th. Kh nng h tr cc thit b ngoi vi theo nhng chun giao tip thng dng ( USB- Host, USB- OTG, SPI, I2C, PWI, CAN ) Kh nng kt ni WLAN, GPS, Bluetooth.

Nhm nghin cu tin hnh so snh thng s ca cc b x l thng dng v a ra bng thng k nh sau: Bng 4 Bng thng k thng s chi tit ca cc CPU c dng trong Tablet

Processor

Tegra 2

Tegra 3

OMAP 4430

OMAP 4460

Snap Dragon Telechips TCC Telechips S3 MSM8260 88XX 890X ARM Cortex-A8

TCC

CPU

Dual-Core ARM Quad-Core, Dual-Core ARM Dual-Core Dual-Core Cortex A9 with 5th Cortex A9 ARM Cortex Scorpion battery-saver A9 core (ARM A8) cortex

ARM 1176JZF-S

Frequency

1 GHz, per core

Up to Single 1 GHz, per core Core 1.5 GHz /Quad-Core 1.4 GHz 1 MB 1 MB

1.5 GHz, per 1.2-1.5 GHz core

1.2 GHz

800 MHz

L2 Cache L1 Cache (I/D)

1 MB

1 MB

512 KB

256 KB

256 KB

(32KB / 32KB) (32KB / 32KB) (32KB / 32KB) (32KB / 32KB) (32KB / 32KB) (32KB / 32KB) (16KB / 16KB) per core per core per core per core per core per core per core

Memory Frequency DDR2-667 (Tegra 250) DDR3-L 1500 LPDDR2 LPDDR2 Single channel DDR2-400 MHz DDR2-360 MHz LPDDR2 MHz 400 DDR 200 MHz

LPDDR2-600 LPDDR2-1066 (Tegra 230 and Tegra 250) Memory Size GPU Architecture ULP GeForce ULP GeForce POWERVR SGX540 POWERVR SGX540 Up to 1GB Up to 2 GB Up to 1GB Up to 1GB

LPDDR2-266

DDR3MHz

400 SDRAMMHz

200

Up to 2GB

Up to 1GB

Adreno 220

ARM Mali 200

ARM Mali 200

3D Performance Relative to Tegra 2* Up to 3x Cores Fully Programmable OpenGL Version OpenVG EGL 8 Yes 12 Yes V Yes V Yes V Yes V Yes V Yes

ES 2

1.1 1.4

1.1 1.4

1.1 1.3

1.1 1.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

Video (1080p) Decode H.264 H.264 (HP @ (Video 40Mbps) 3D) VC-1 AP MPEG2 MPEG-4 DivX 4/5 XviD HT H.263 Theora VP8 WMV Sorenson Spark Real Video VP6 H.264 H.264 HP H.264 HP H.264 H264 H264 (720p)- (Video (1080p)- H.264 3D) MPEG4 ASP VC-1 AP MPEG-2 MP ON2 VP7 H.263 H264 H264

VC-1 AP MPEG2 MPEG-4 DivX 4/5 XviD HT H.263 Theora VP8 WMV Sorenson Spark Real Video VP6 Encode H.264

MPEG4 ASP VC-1 AP MPEG-2 MP ON2 VP7

H263 MPEG4 ASP VC-1 MPEG1/2 AVS MJPEG/JPEG RV

H263 MPEG4 ASP VC-1 MPEG1/2

MPEG4 H.263 VP8

MPEG4 H.263 VP8

MPEG4 ASP VC-1 AP MPEG-2 MP ON2 VP7

MPEG4 ASP VC-1 AP MPEG-2 MP ON2 VP7 H.264 HP

H.263

H263 MPEG4 ASP MJPEG 1/2

H263 MPEG4 ASP

Video Teleconference (VTC)

H.264

H.264

H.264 HP

Supported

MPEG4 H.263 VP8

MPEG4 H.263 VP8

MPEG4 ASP VC-1 AP MPEG-2 MP ON2 VP7

MPEG4 ASP VC-1 AP MPEG-2 MP ON2 VP7

Audio Decode AAC-LC AAC+ eAAC+ MP3 MP3 VBR AAC-LC AAC+ eAAC+ MP3 MP3 VBR AAC-LC AAC+ eAAC+ MP3 MP3 VBR AAC-LC AAC+ eAAC+ MP3 MP3 VBR MP3 AAC OOG WAV MP3 WMA MP2 OGG AAC MP3 WMA MP2 OGG AAC

WAV/PCM AMR-NB AMR-WB BSAC MPEG-2 Audio

WAV/PCM AMR-NB AMR-WB BSAC MPEG-2 Audio Vorbis WMA 9 WMA Lossless WMA Pro G.729a * G.711 * QCELP * EVRC *

WAV/PCM AMR-NB AMR-WB BSAC MPEG-2 Audio

WAV/PCM AMR-NB AMR-WB BSAC MPEG-2 Audio

M4A MA4 FLAC APE 3GP

M4A MA4 FLAC APE 3GP

Vorbis WMA 9 WMA Lossless WMA Pro G.729a * G.711 * QCELP * EVRC *

Vorbis WMA 9 WMA Lossless WMA Pro G.729a * G.711 * QCELP * EVRC *

Vorbis WMA 9 WMA Lossless WMA Pro G.729a * G.711 * QCELP * EVRC *

WAV

WAV

* Through third * Through * Through third * Through third party third party party party

Encode

AAC LC AAC+ eAAC+ PCM/WAV AMR-NB AMR-WB

AAC LC AAC+ eAAC+ PCM/WAV AMR-NB AMR-WB

AAC LC AAC+ eAAC+ PCM/WAV AMR-NB AMR-WB

AAC LC AAC+ eAAC+ PCM/WAV AMR-NB AMR-WB

AAC LC PCM/WAV

Imaging Primary Camera Secondary Camera Digital Zoom 12 MP 5 MP Up to 16x 32 MP 5 MP Up to 16x 80MP/sec 20 MP 5 MP V 20 MP 12 MP V 16 MP V V V V V 32 MP/sec V V V 12 MP/sec

JPEG 80MP/sec Decoding/Encoding Still image Yes stabilitization Video stabilization Features Yes Auto Exposure

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Auto Exposure

Yes Digital aliasing

Yes anti- Digital aliasing

Yes

Yes

Yes White Auto Balance White

anti- Auto White Auto Balance Balance

Auto Balance

White Auto White On-the-fly On-the-fly Auto Exposure Balance defect pixel defect pixel correction correction Auto Focus Lens-distortion correction Lens-distortion correction Edge enhancement Noise filtering Auto Focus

AE Control

AE Control

Auto Focus

Auto Focus

Auto Focus

Lens Shading Lens Shading Edge 9th order 9th order enhancement De-Mosaic De-Mosaic Noise filtering

Lens corrector

shade Lens corrector

shade

Bad pixel Bad correction correction

pixel

Sharpening Programmable De-Noise

Sharpening Programmable De-Noise

Auto-focus Auto-white balance Auto-exposure

Auto-focus Auto-white balance Auto-exposure

MIPI CSI Display Display Controllers HDMI 1.3 LCD

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

2 simultaneous 1920x1080

2 simultaneous (1920x1080)

2 simultaneous 1920x1080 V

2 simultaneous 1920x1080 V

2 simultaneous 1920x1080 1440x900

2 simultaneous 1920x1080 V

2 simultaneous 1920x1080 V

1024x600 (Tegra 2048x1536

230) 1680x1050 (Tegra 250) CRT 1280x1024 (Tegra 230) 1600x1200 (Tegra 250) MIPI DSI Package Package 12x12 PoP 14x14 BGA 14x14 BGA 14x14 BGA 14 x 14 BGA 17 x17 BGA 17 x17 BGA Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1920x1200 1920x1200 1920x1200 Supported

(Tegra 230 and Tegra 250) 23x23 BGA 24.5x24.5 (Tegra 250) BGA Process Peripheral DMA Controller UART 3 Channels Up to 5 channels V V V V V V V V 12 channels Up to 6 channels 12 channels Up to 6 channels 40 nm 40 nm 45 nm 45 nm 45 nm 45 nm 65 nm

I2C

Up to 3 channels

Up to 4 channels Up to 2 channels Configurable Configurable master/slave master/slave V V

SPI

Up to controller

PWM

Up to 4 channels - step 1/256 Four timer One micro second solution

Timer

Four 16-bit Four 16-bit timer, timer, Tow 20- Tow 20-bit timer, bit timer, One One 32-bit timer 32-bit timer 10/12 bit channels 15 10/12 bit channels Up to 6 channels 8

ADC

GPSB(General Purpose Serial BusMaster/Slave) PMUPower

Up to 6 channels

Power-Down Mode & Autowakeup. Internal power island for saving the current

Power-Down Mode & Autowakeup. Internal power island for saving the current

management unit

consumption.

consumption.

Storage interface NAND Flash 8 bits V V V V 8 bits/16 bits/32 8 bits/16 bits bits Support 4 Support 4 CS I/F CS I/F SD, SD, MMC, SDIO, MMC/eMMC, Ce-ATA SDIO Up to 4 channels V V

SD/MMC

SDIO, MMC/ eMMC Up to 4 channels

Memory Pro/Pro-HG

Stick

USB On To Go USB Host WLAN/ethernet GPS Bluetooth

1 Channel 1 Channel V x x

V V V x x

V V V V V

V V V V V

1 Channel x 802.11/b/g/n gpsOne Gen 8 BT3.x+ BT4.0/LE

1 Channel 1 Channel V V

1 Channel 1 Channel V x V

HS, V FM

Rx/Tx

CAN

V: Supported X: None supported

T bng thng k trn, nhm nghin cu rt ra nhn xt tng qut nh sau: Hu ht cc b x l c s dng cho my tnh bng u s dng li x l c kin trc ARM. i vi dng tablet cao cp l li ARM cortex-A9 (dual-core) trong khi li ARM cortex-A8 hay ARM11 (single-core) c s dng ch yu cho dng table c phn khc thp hn. Dung lng b nh chnh c h tr ti a thng thng l 1GBytes. Ngoi tr i vi dng vi x l cao cp nh Tegra3 h tr dung lng nh ti a n 2 GBytes. Cc b x l ha GPU u h tr m ha v gii m nh 2D,3D v cc API chnh cho Open GL ES v2.0, Open VG v1.1, EGL v1.3. Cc chun m ha/gii m video c s dng l: H264, H263, MPEG4 ASV B x l tn hiu hnh nh (Imagine Signal Processor) h tr hai camera vi phn gii trung bnh tng ng 12 MPixels (cho camera chnh) v 5 MPixels (cho camera ph). Cc chun giao tip thng dng c CPU h tr: HDMI v1.3, USB host, USB OTG, I2C, SPI, UART Trong cc b x l u tch hp khi iu khin nng lng (h tr cc ch tit kim in nng: Power- down, Auto-wakeup) v khi x l m thanh (h tr u ra 5.1, SPDIF, stereo ). Cc b vi x l u h tr cc giao tip vi b nh ngoi: SD/MMC/eMMC Ngoi ra trong mt s dng vi x l (ca TI, Qualcomm, Telechips) c tch hp cc module GPS, Bluetooth v WLAN.