ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT Without BCLS, advanced life support will not be successful.

In BCLS adequate technique is performed Early defibrillation Oxygen inhalation Maintain I/V lines central venous lines Intubate the patient Necessary equipment cardiac monitor, Dinamap, and pulse oxymeter Pharmacological treatment Name Of Drugs Used In Life Support Inj Epinephrine (Adrenaline) Inj Atropine sulphate Inj Dopamine Inj Dobutamine Inj Calcium chloride Inj Sodium bicaronate

Inj Adrenaline To increase the ceremony and systemic blood flow during CPR dose / Route 0.5-1 mg I/V or by endotracheal tube every 5 minutes Indication Shock Bronchial asthma Post CPR Complications Anxiety Ventricular arrhythmia Pulmonary edema Cardiac arrest , chills and vomiting Inj Calcium It is essential for bone formation and neuron muscular function. It is also present in extra cellular fluid. Normal calcium ranges 9-11 mg%. It exits in inoxised form Indication Hyperkalemia Stand still heart Pregnancy Osteomalacia, osteoporosis Diluted slow I/V Calcium Side Effects Cardiac arrest Hypo Kalaemia Nausea vomiting Burning on site Calcium rigors Insulin It lowers the blood glucose level in all types of diabetes mellitus

Indication 1All types of diabetes mellitus 2Diabetic ketoacidosis 3Hyper Kalemia Uses 1234It increases the entry of glucose into cells of the body along with potassium It increases peripheral utilization of glucose into the cells of the body along with potassium It increases synthesis of glycogen in liver and other tissues. It reduces the break down of fats and proteins.

Types of Insulin 1Rapid acting insulin I/V as a bolus or infusions I/M 30-60 maximum effect last for 2-4 hours S/C 2-6 maximum effect last for 4-12 hours 23Intermediate Acting Insulin NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) Lente insulin Long Acting Insulin PZI (Protamine zinc insulin)

Complications of Insulin Therapy Hypoglycemia Insulin allergy, local sloughing and necrosis Hypotalamia Lasix (Frusemide) It has more rapid onset of action Indication Hyperkalemia Heart failure Acute renal failure Hyper calcemia Hypertension Pulmonary odema Matebolic athalosis Ascites Dose 40mg OD orally in the morning (in the night, it will cause in convenience to patient, Side effects Tinnitus Deafness

Catheter Is used to drain fluid or urine form hollow or tubular organ having fluid or urine in it They are of various sizes and lumen. There are different types of catheter given as below according to material. 1Rubber 2Polythene 3Hard rubber 4Metal catheters There are other different types of catheters according to their uses 1Cardiac Catheter It is a flexible catheter introduced into the big vien so that it can reach to the heart. By this catheter the radio opaque material is introduced into the heart to study the internal heart condition. Arterial Catheter This is flexible polythene catheter introduced into a big artery to introduce radio opaque dyes to study the size of artery, constriction, obstruction or dilatation of artery. Ureteric Catheter This catheter is used to remove small ureteric stone.

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Endoscopy Instrument to inspect any body cavity by means of a flexible optic endocopy it is used to examine esophagus stomach, duodenum for varices, polyps obstruetion on hialus hernia and other nucosol pathern. It tapes about 20-30 minutes the procedure is done under local anesthesia by a gastro enterologist. Oxygen Cylinders 1Oxygen cylinder is usually painted black and white. 2Oxygen cylinder is filled with gas. It is compressed to accommodate more gas in small spaces. 3As the gas is with pressure. A valve is attached to the month of cylinder for controlled release of gas. 4A gauge is attached to the valve 5The cylinder is opened by means of a metallic ray. 6A flow mater is attached to controlled flow of oxygen. 7An empty cylinder should be labeled empty. 8The cylinder is usually kept in wheeled stand for easy transportation from patient to patient.

Polythene tubing I/V stand Local anesthetic I/V pole and tray Good light

DIANA MAP it is a vital sign monitor it is non invasive monitor It automatically measure systolic diastolic, means arterial pressure and pulse rate. It is easy to read digital displays The operator / technicians programmed intervals between and ninety minutes. It can be used easily in ICU critical care unit emergency room operation theater, burn unit and reval diaphysis Thomas splint It is used for immobilizing the lower limbs.It consists of a metal ring covered with soft padded leather. From the ring two parallel bars extend for varying lengths finally meeting in a W. There are slings of different sizes for right and left lower limbs. The ring is not circular and it should fit in the groin a fingers breadth away from the skin to avoid pressure. The outer side of splint is higher up the thigh about the level of greater trochenter. The posterior part being against tubersoity. Measurement on leg will ensure size of the ring and length.

DIAN MAP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. it is a vital sign monitor it is non invasive monitor it automatically measure systolic diastolic, means arterial pressure and pulse rate. It is easy to read digital displays The operator / technicians programmed intervals between and ninety minutes. It can be used easily in ICU critical care unit emergency room operation theater, burn unit and renal dialysis

Diathermy 1USES aFor cauterizing the blood vessels and incising tissues. bIt safeguards the patient and staff from accidental diathermy burns. The diathermy can be in pin or blade form. It does not grip the blood vessels. It self, there fore it has to be used in conjunction with the ordinary. The high frequency electric current is concentrated at the forceps, producing great heat that utilizes to co- agulate the tissues which are gripped in the forceps.

3/0 and 4/0 Used

4/0 10/0 Ophthalmic surgery blood bessles anatomous and neurosurgery Thomas splint It is used for immobilizing the lower limbs it consists of a metal sign, covered with soft padded leather from the sign two parallel bears extend for varying lengths finally meeting in aw There are slings of different sizes for right and left lower limbs the sign is not circular and it should fit in the grown a fingers breadth a way from the skin to avoid pressure. The outer side of splint is higher up the thigh about the level of greater trochnter. The posteriors part being against

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Name two operation perform on each of the following Uterus Caesssarean section. abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy Eye Iridectomy Cataract extraction

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Femur Reduction Internal Fixation Larynx Laryngectomy Laryngotomy Spleen Spleenectomy Heart Cronary artry by pass Heart valve replacement Skull Craniotomy Craniectomy Cranioplasty

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AIR DILL MACHINE It is a drill machine used for nailing, plating and wiring in orthopaedic cases It has the following parts For fixing wiro Air dill machine It is divided in to 3 parts one for drilling Second for revessing Attachment for fixous and Cable Air cable One end is attached with the cylinder and other end in the air drill machine.