Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
READING SUB-TEST
Part A - Text Booklet
Practice test
You must record your answers for Part A in the Part A - Answer Booklet using pen or pencil.
Please print in BLOCK LETTERS Candidate number
Family name
Other name(s)
City
Date of test
Candidates signature
YOU MUST NOT REMOVE OET MATERIAL FROM THE TEST ROOM.
The OET Centre GPO Box 372 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
OET Centre Practice test
Text A1
Vasectomy: Texts
Title: Risk of Prostate Cancer After Vasectomy (2003) Authors: Krishnamurthy, McLeod & Williams Context: Vasectomy is a common method of contraception, but concern exists about a reported association with risk of prostate cancer. Objective: To examine whether vasectomy increases risk of prostate cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants: National population-based case-control study of 923 new cases of prostate cancer among men aged 40 to 74 years from the Australia Cancer Registry who were on the general electoral roll. Controls (n = 1224) were randomly selected from the general electoral roll, with frequency matching to cases in 5-year age groups. Cases (3-15 months after diagnosis) and controls were interviewed by telephone over a 3-year period. Main Outcome Measures: Relative risk (RR) of prostate cancer for men who had had a vasectomy vs those who had not. Results: There was no association between prostate cancer and vasectomy (RR, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1.14) nor with time since vasectomy (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.68-1.23 for 25 years since vasectomy). Adjustment for social class, geographic region, religious affiliation, and a family history of prostate cancer did not affect these RRs. Conclusions: Vasectomy does not increase the risk of prostate cancer, even after 25 years or more.
Text A2
Vasectomy Statistics from Britain (2008) men aged 16-69: percentage who had had a vasectomy (2001-2008) 2001 17 2002 15 2003 18 2004 17 2005 18 2006 18 2007 17 2008 18
percentage who had had a vasectomy: by age (2008) 16-29 1 30-34 6 35-39 15 40-44 19 45-49 20 50-54 30 55-64 31 65-69 30
Text A3
Male sterilisation (vasectomy) FAQs for patients Q: How will I feel after the operation? A: Your scrotum will probably be bruised, swollen and painful. Wearing tight-fitting underpants, to support your scrotum, day and night for a week may help. You should avoid strenuous exercise for at least a week. For most men pain is quite mild and they do not need any further help. The doctor or nurse should give you information about how to look after yourself. Q: Are there any serious risks or complications? A: Research shows that there are no known serious long-term health risks caused by having a vasectomy. Occasionally, some men have bleeding, a large swelling, or an infection. In this case, see your doctor as soon as possible. Sometimes sperm may leak out of the tube and collect in the surrounding tissue as sperm granulomas. These may cause inflammation and pain immediately, or a few weeks or months later. If this happens, they can be treated. Some men may experience ongoing pain in their testicles. This is known as chronic pain. Treatment for this is often unsuccessful. The large majority of men having a vasectomy will have a local anaesthetic but sometimes a general anaesthetic is used. All operations using a general anaesthetic carry some risks, but serious problems are rare. Q: Can sterilisation be reversed? A: Sterilisation is meant to be permanent. There are reversal operations but they are not always successful. The success will depend on how and when you were sterilised. Reversal can be difficult and may cost a great deal because of this.
Text A4 Reverse vasectomy: a case study Gary married young and had three children in his twenties. He had a vasectomy at 31. Then his first marriage broke down. He met Sarah and they decided they also wanted a family. Gary paid to have a reverse vasectomy operation but it wasnt successful. A second operation with a different urologist did succeed, and Sarah is now pregnant with their first child. Gary felt that the original vasectomy was the right thing to do at the time, but with hindsight he now believes men under 40 should not rush into having one if there is even the smallest chance they may want a child in the future.
READING SUB-TEST
Part B - Text Booklet
Practice test
You must record your answers for Part B on the multiple-choice answer sheet using 2B pencil.
Please print in BLOCK LETTERS Candidate number
Family name
Other name(s)
City
Date of test
Candidates signature
YOU MUST NOT REMOVE OET MATERIAL FROM THE TEST ROOM.
The OET Centre GPO Box 372 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
OET Centre Practice test
Instructions
TIME LIMIT: 45 MINUTES
There are TWO reading texts in Part B. After each of the texts you will find a number of questions or unfinished statements about the text, each with four suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the ONE which you think fits best. For each question, 1-20, indicate on your answer sheet the letter A, B, C or D against the number of the question. Answer ALL questions. Marks are NOT deducted for incorrect answers. NOTE: You must complete your Answer Sheet for Part B within the 45 minutes allowed for this part of the sub-test.
Paragraph 5 Supporters of animal testing argue that virtually every medical achievement in the 20th century relied on the use of animals in some way and that alternatives to animal testing, such as computer modelling, are inadequate and fail to model the complex interactions between molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms and the environment. Opponents argue that such testing is cruel to animals and is poor scientific practice, that results are an unreliable indicator of the effects in humans, and that it is poorly regulated. They also point to the fact that many alternatives to using animals have been developed, particularly in the area of toxicity testing, and that these developments have occurred most rapidly and effectively in countries where the use of animals is prohibited. Paragraph 6 Although animal rights groups have made slow headway, there are signs that the issues they are concerned about are being heard. Most scientists and governments state, publicly at least, that animal testing should cause as little suffering to animals as possible, and that animal tests should only be performed where necessary. The three Rs of replacement, reduction and refinement are the guiding principles for the use of animals in research in most countries. They are designed to minimise the use of animals in scientific research by using other types of research where possible, by reducing the number of animals used in research, and by refining research techniques to minimise the animals pain and distress.
According to paragraph 2, one of the new applications of animal testing is concerned with A B C D combining the traditions of physiological and psychological research. finding ways to improve farm animals productive capacity. controlling the eating, movement or choices of animals. revisiting the age-old study of body function and disease.
TURN OVER
QUESTIONS 4 According to paragraph 3, global figures for animal testing are A B C D subsiding. elusive. confronting. extreme.
According to paragraph 3, which one of the following statements about mice is TRUE? A B C D They are much more popular with researchers than invertebrates. They have a genetic make-up which is at odds with that of humans. They are very attractive to researchers because of their speed and aptitude. They pose fewer constraints than other vertebrates in terms of care and expense.
According to paragraph 4, Pavlovs research A B C D was unethical at the time. involved hurting animals deliberately. was conducted solely on dogs. did not focus on dogs initially.
According to paragraph 4, Pavlovs groundbreaking research into conditional reflexes A B C D was prompted by the observation that dogs salivated when they were hungry. came about by accident while he was investigating something else. was triggered by his noticing chemical changes in the dogs saliva. led to a larger-scale investigation of the gastric functions of dogs.
According to paragraph 5, animal testing proponents argue that A B C D many of the alternative methods still rely on the use of animals in some way. it was crucial in the 20th century before viable alternatives became available. computer modelling requires improvement before it can replace animal testing. medical advancement in the 20th century would have been hindered without it.
According to paragraph 5, opponents of animal testing argue that A B C D countries who prohibit it are developing rapidly. its results are unreliable due to poor regulation. there are insufficient rules and restrictions. it is only justifiable in the area of toxicity testing.
QUESTIONS
10
The word headway in paragraph 6 could best be replaced by A B C D progress. improvements. impact. developments.
11
Replacement in the three Rs described in paragraph 6 refers to the substitution of A B C D animal species. research methods. painful techniques. animal numbers.
Paragraph 5 However, not only is the jury out on the actual mechanism of the relationship, it also remains impossible to say whether treating gum disease can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and improve health outcomes for those who are already sufferers. Additional research is needed to evaluate disease pathogenesis. Should the contributing mechanisms be identified, however, it will confirm the role of oral health in overall well-being, with some implications of this being the desirability of closer ties between the medical and the dental professions, and improved public health education, not to mention greater access to preventive and curative dental treatment. In time, periodontal disease may be added to other preventable risk factors for CVD, such as smoking, high blood cholesterol, obesity and diabetes.
13
According to paragraph 1, periodontal disease is unknown to many Australians because A B C D dental treatment is no longer affordable. the problem has a high degree of complexity. information on dental problems is inaccessible. it is not as prominent as other dental issues.
14
The most suitable heading for paragraph 2 is A B C D Types of periodontal disease. The treatment of gingivitis. The bodys response to toxins. The process of periodontitis.
15
According to paragraph 3, the 1989 study in Finland A B C D prompted further interest in the link between oral health and systemic disease. did not take into account a number of important risk factors for heart attacks. concluded that people with oral health problems were likely to have heart attacks. was not considered significant when it was first reported but is now.
TURN OVER
QUESTIONS 16 The research study described in paragraph 3 found that the relationship between poor dental health and heart attacks was A B C D 17 inconclusive. coincidental. evident. inconsequential.
According to paragraph 3, the dental index was used to A B C D indicate whether periodontitis was present. assess the overall oral health of patients. establish whether pericoronitis was present. predict the likelihood of acute myocardial infarction.
18
According to paragraph 4, it has been proposed that A B C D cardiovascular disease could actually exacerbate periodontal disease. periodontal disease could modify the bodys immune response. there is a bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and bacteria. systemic factors may contribute directly to atheromatous and thrombotic processes.
19
According to paragraph 5, if the processes by which gum disease contributes to CVD can be discovered there will be A B C D less need for doctors and dentists to work in conjunction. a reduced emphasis on other preventable risk factors for CVD. a concomitant link between smoking and periodontal disease. more support for dental care in the public health system.
20
The expression the jury [is] out in paragraph 5 means that a definitive conclusion is A B C D imminent. impossible. without empirical basis. yet to be attained.
READING SUB-TEST
Part A - Answer Booklet
Practice test
You must record your answers for Part A in the Part A - Answer Booklet using pen or pencil.
Please print in BLOCK LETTERS Candidate number
Family name
Other name(s)
City
Date of test
Candidates signature
YOU MUST NOT REMOVE OET MATERIAL FROM THE TEST ROOM.
The OET Centre GPO Box 372 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
OET Centre Practice test
Summary
Vasectomy One method of contraception is male sterilisation or vasectomy. Statistics for 2008 showed that 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Patients are informed that vasectomy is a procedure ....(4)....serious risks or complications. After the operation, which is ....(5)....carried out under local anaesthetic, the man will often experience pain from bruising and swelling of his ....(6)..... General advice is to wear ....(7)....to provide support. Physical exertion should ...(8).... for seven days as a minimum. If the site of the operation becomes....(9)....or greatly swollen, or if there is bleeding, the patient should seek immediate medical attention. After the operation and for several months subsequently, ....(10).... may form if there is any leakage of sperm into the 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Answers
TURN OVER
Summary
Men with vasectomies have been shown 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Answers
....(16).... months. A control group of men with a matching ....(17).... profile was also interviewed. The length of time since ....(18).... did not affect
the relative risk, nor did other possible factors (e.g. ....(19)....of prostate cancer, social class,
....(20)....and/or location).
Vasectomy is not intended to be a ....(21).... change. Consequently, reversal is difficult and this can make it ....(22)..... A successful outcome cannot be guaranteed. In one case, a man had to have ....(23)....before his vasectomy was properly reversed. Having already fathered
his original decision to have a vasectomy was responsible. However, he now advises men in their ....(25)... to wait unless they are absolutely certain they ....(26)....a child. Statistics from Britain for 2008 seem to ....(27).... this advice: the percentage of men who had had a vasectomy changes gradually from ....(28).... of those aged 16-29 to ....(29)....of those aged 50-54.
Reading sub-test
Test information
The OET Centre GPO Box 372 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
OET Centre Test information
General Information
Time Allocation
The Reading sub-test takes 60 minutes. Part A = 15 minutes Part B = 45 minutes
Test topics
The topics of the Reading sub-tests are chosen carefully to be accessible to all candidates of the OET. They are of general medical interest and cover a wide variety of issues. The OET is a test of English, not of medical knowledge, and the test developers are careful in the test design to minimise areas where candidates may use prior knowledge rather than language skills to respond. Topics will vary from administration to administration and while some topics may include content that is familiar to one particular health practitioners area of experience and expertise, the language tasks and questions associated with the texts are designed to test language knowledge and ability, over and above, the candidates knowledge of that field. In other words, correct responses cannot be simply predicted because a candidate has experience in that area. Reading texts are selected for their concentration of content of a general health literacy nature; elements that can be considered common across multiple professions. The topics of all texts are designed to be comprehensible to any educated lay native speaker, or highly proficient non-native speaker, and this is regularly demonstrated through the trialling process (both internal and external). The reading texts are developed according to strict specifications (in terms of word length, difficulty of vocabulary etc.) by test development specialists at the University of Melbourne. In response to feedback on initial topic ideas and drafts of materials, texts are refined and then question and response formats are developed by the university team. These are subjected to trialling, analysis and further refinement. Through this process a marking key is developed for use by assessors. A sample key is included in the sample reading materials.
Part A of the Reading sub-test is a test of your ability to skim read and scan quickly across different texts to choose selected information in order to summarise. It is not a test of detailed reading for comprehension purposes - that particular skill is tested in Part B of the reading sub-test. Remember also that the first paragraph of the summary passage may not necessarily always directly relate to the first text (A1) of the Text booklet. Information for the first two or three gaps in the summary passage might only be located by reading another text. That is why it is very important to quickly establish a sense of the topic and focus of the first paragraph; to direct your reading straight away to the appropriate text therefore making efficient use of the time available. Reading: Part A - Answer Booklet Do Write at least 1 word, or up to 3 words for each answer.
TIME LIMIT: 15 MINUTES words that are spelt using a hyphen the four texts, A1-A4, provided on pages 2 and 3 of the Consider Complete the following summary withthe information in (i.e., -) as ONE word. For example, a low-cholesterol Text Booklet. diet (counts as three words) whereas a low cholesterol diet (counts as four words and will NOT You do not need to read each text from beginning to end to complete the task. You should scan the texts to find the receive any marks) information you need.
Gaps may require 1, 2 or words. You Make sure you write your3responsewill not receive any numbered box asthan 3 words. in the summary passage in the same marks if you write more the gap You should write your answers next to the appropriate number in the right-hand column. (see diagram below). Sometimes the numbered boxes in the Answers column may not line up Please use correct spelling in your responses. Do not write abbreviations. across the page with the same numbered gaps as they appear in the Summary column.
Instructions
Summary
Vasectomy One method of contraception is male sterilisation or vasectomy. Statistics for 2008 showed that
(1)
Answers
1. 2. 3. 4.
18% 70 constant
.... of adult men aged under (2) .... in Britain had undergone a vasectomy and that this proportion had been
(3)
Patients are informed that vasectomy is a .... serious risks or complications. After the operation, which is (5) ....carried out under local anaesthetic, the man will often experience
(4)
procedure
5. 6. 7.
Assessors are trained to only consider responses given within the Answers column (on the right). Physical exertion should (8) If a response is written in the Answer column or 8. the wrong box AND the candidate has NOT in minimum. If the site of the operation becomes (9).... indicated clearly (e.g., there isan arrow) where the response should be, it CANNOT be marked. or greatly swollen, or if with bleeding, the patient If you miss an answer is any leakage of sperm into on to10. correctly corresponding numbered item before make sure you move the .... may form if there writing the (11) ....; these can beDont but are (12) ..... anything further. painful write, for example, your answer for the gap for item 15 in the box for 11. item 14 in the Answers column. Use correct spelling. Responses that are not spelt12. correctly will not receive any marks. American and British English spelling variations are accepted, e.g., color or colour. Use words with similar meaning to words in the texts if you cant find a word (s) directly from the texts. These words are known as synonyms. 2 TURN OVER If you are required to write down numbers or figures you can write either the full form (e.g., three, one hundred or one million) or the number form (e.g., 3, 100, or 1,000,000). Use the headings of the four texts in the text booklet to help you understand which text to use to complete different parts of the summary passage. Use words surrounding the gap for the missing word (s) in the summary passage to help you predict what kind of information is missing and to anticipate the type of missing word (s) you need to write.
should seek immediate medical attention. After the operation and for several months subsequently, (10) 9.
Read the instructions carefully. Have the Text booklet open in front of you so that all texts are visible at the same time. Have the Answer Booklet slightly to the side so that you can write your responses as you read the texts. You may write your answers in either pen or pencil for Part A.
Dont
Write more than 3 words for each answer. Write your responses in the wrong gap. You will NOT receive any marks for answers written in the incorrect gap number. Write in the Summary passage itself. Responses must be written in the Answers column on the right hand side. Write two options (separated by / or , or ( )), even if they appear in the texts and mean the same thing (e.g., if you write greater/larger, you will NOT receive any marks). Spend time thinking about whether a word should be capitalised or not. Capitalised and noncapitalised forms are accepted (e.g., CANADA, or canada, or Canada are ALL acceptable).
Dont Get stuck on one question keep going and come back to it at the end when you have answered all other questions. Marks are not deducted for incorrect answers. Cross out mistakes when you are filling out the Answer sheet for Part B. Unlike for Part A, in Part B you need to erase wrong answers completely then fill in the correct answer fully. There are clear instructions on the Answer sheet about how to fill in your answers. Fill in more than one box on the Answer sheet as the scanner will not be able to recognise your answer and you will not receive any marks for that question.
Test Assessment
The OET assesses all four language skills listening, reading, writing and speaking with an emphasis on contextualised communication for professional purposes. The Listening and Reading sub-tests are common to all candidates while the Speaking and Writing sub-tests are specific to each profession. The Reading sub-test consists of a short answer response (summary completion) test (Part A) and a multiple-choice questions (MCQ) test (Part B). Candidate answer sheets for Part A are marked by trained assessors and score sheets for Part B are computer scanned. The item-level data are analysed using a RASCH analysis approach, for overall internal consistency and item quality. Any items found to be performing unacceptably (i.e., with fit of above 1.3 or with discrimination levels of less than .25) are removed from the subsequent analysis.
Test Scores
Each section of the new format Reading sub-test is weighted equally. That is, Part A is worth 33.3% and each text in Part B is also worth 33% of the total score. Why is the Reading sub-test weighted equally when there are more questions (items) in Part A? When you sit the reading test, you will get a raw score on Part A (between 25 and 35 depending on the number of items on that particular test) and a raw score on Part B (between 16 and 20 depending on the number of items on that particular test). Your scores will then be converted to a total score for the reading test in which your score for Part A counts for 33.33% (one-third) of the total score, and your score for Part B counts for 66.66% (two-thirds) of the total score. Your total score for the reading test will then be transformed into a grade (A E). This type of weighted score conversion is very common. For example, in the listening sub-test, although one Part A might have more available marks than Part B, your score on each part is converted so that it counts for exactly 50% of your total score for the whole listening sub-test. The reason why there are different weightings for each part of the reading test is to reflect the relative importance of the skills we are measuring in each part in the overall estimation of your reading ability. Part A tests a relatively narrow set of reading skills skimming and scanning whereas Part B tests a range of different reading skills through different types of multiple choice questions. Do I need to get the same score for each Reading section individually? Part A and Part B scores are converted to a percentage (reflecting relative weighting) that is then converted to a total score. Data from your total score across both sections are used to calculate band-scores for each administration. The score is a combination of your total weighted scores for Parts A and B. Conceivably, you may score slightly lower for one section but still maintain an overall higher level if your scores for the other section are higher.
READING SUB-TEST
Practice test Part A: Vasectomy
Key
The following conventions have been followed in preparing the key: / OR ( ) Indicates an acceptable alternative within an answer Indicates an acceptable (complete) alternative answer words, figures, or ideas in brackets are not essential to the answer - they are also not a sufficient substitute for the main idea indicated in the key
No other answers except those included in the key will be considered acceptable. Responses that have been incorrectly spelt will not be awarded any marks, as will answers that contain more than three words.
The OET Centre GPO Box 372 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
OET Centre Practice test
Reading Sub-test
Part A: Vasectomy
Answer Key
Total of 29 questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 18% // 18 percent 70 (years old) (relatively/fairly) steady/constant/level/unchanged/stable/consistent // almost/roughly the same // (very/quite) similar // maintained // sustained free from/of (any) (known) // without (any) (known) // with no (known) normally // usually // generally // in most cases // most often scrotum tight(-fitting) underpants/underwear be avoided infected (sperm) granulomas surrounding tissue(s) treatable not to be // to not be 923 prostate cancer 3-15 // 3 to 15 // three to fifteen age (a/any) vasectomy // vasectomy/ surgery (was performed/done) (a) family history religion // religious affiliation temporary // reversible (quite/very) expensive // costly two operations/(surgical) procedures/surgeries // a second operation three/3 children (twenties and) thirties // (20s and) 30s // (20s and) 30s wont/wouldnt (ever) want/have // will/would not want/have // will/would never want/have // ll not/never want/ have // dont (ever) want // do not want // never want support // confirm // verify // reflect // corroborate // correspond with 1% // 1 percent 30% // 30 percent
END OF KEY
READING SUB-TEST
Practice test Animal Testing
Key
The OET Centre GPO Box 372 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
OET Centre Practice test
Reading Sub-test
Text B1: Animal Testing
Answer Key
Total of 11 questions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
C A B B D B B D C A B
generates trade for offshoot industries. has taken place for at least two millennia. finding ways to improve farm animals productive capacity. elusive. They pose fewer constraints than other vertebrates in terms of care and expense. involved hurting animals deliberately. came about by accident while he was investigating something else. medical advancement in the 20th century would have been hindered without it. there are insufficient rules and restrictions. progress. research methods.
END OF KEY
READING SUB-TEST
Practice test Oral health and systemic disease
Key
The OET Centre GPO Box 372 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
OET Centre Practice test
Reading Sub-test
Text B2: Oral health and systemic disease
Answer Key
Total of 9 questions
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 B D D A C B A D D heart conditions. it is not as prominent as other dental issues. The process of periodontitis. prompted further interest in the link between oral health and systemic disease. evident. assess the overall oral health of patients. cardiovascular disease could actually exacerbate periodontal disease. more support for dental care in the public health system. yet to be attained.
END OF KEY