NATURAL DISASTER EFFECT ON PHYSICAL 201 & ECONOMY 1

Title : Natural Disaster: Significant and the effects on human physical systems and the economy, and responsibility of governments. Written by : NorHazren Izatie binti Mohd (MB 111016)

A disaster is an occurrences arising with little or no warning, which causes or threatens serious disruptions of life, and perhaps death or injury to large no of people, and requires therefore a mobilization of effort in excess of that normally provided by the statutory emergency services. In short, disaster symbolizes an event which afflicts a community the consequence of which is beyond the immediate financial, material or emotional resources of the community. Thus, a disaster result due to either an urgent situations or sue to a long set process which completely disrupts normal life situations in its establish social, traditional, environmental and economic systems. Such high intensity disruptions may be caused by natural phenomena. Thus called natural disaster, or by human-induced phenomena, thus called man-made disasters (N.Kumar, 2006)1.

What is a natural disaster mean exactly? According to Coenraads (2006) natural disaster roughly fall into three broad grouping; geological events, triggered by the internal workings of our planet; meteorological events, caused by variations in global weather patterns; and biological disasters, resulting from the action of living agents such as disease or insects pests. They can occur separately or together, are generally, although not always, unrelated2.

1 2

Nikuj Kumar, 2006 - Disaster Management (pp 1) Robert coenraads,2006 natural disasters and how we cope; the world greatest natural disaster (pp 11)

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Natural disasters are also known as acts of God because they can strike with little or no warning and without any apparent direct human involvement. Often one disaster will trigger a string of other disasters that can be as devastating as the original event. For example a big earthquake can rupture a citys gas and water line. This occurred in San Francisco in 1906 and in Tokyo 1923, causing massive firestorms that dwarfed the death and destruction caused by earthquake; fire fighters then discovered they had little water to fight the fires. Volcanic eruptions can trigger mudflows, avalanches, landslides, flood surges, and fires. Eruptions and earthquake at sea can send tsunamis on an ocean-wide journey of destruction. Hurricanes and typhoons can cause floods, leading to disease threats from bacterias and toxins in the unclean waters. Major out breakers of infectious disease can also take their toll if basic needs such as clean water, food, shelter, and medical supplies are not restored quickly to a disaster zone3.

There are several different types of natural disaster, starting with the most cataclysmic, but least likely in a human lifetime, and continuing on to the least deadly, but most likely in a human lifetime. For example Mega Disaster, this event already changes the whole course of human and even planetary evolution. Into this category fall the extremely rare but totally devastating giant meteorite impacts and massive volcanic blasts but thankfully our human did not witnessed any of these events.

Robert coenraads,2006 natural disasters and how we cope; the world greatest natural disaster (pp 11)

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This mega disaster happen in the millions years ago which are occurred over 440 million ago, marking the end of the Ordovician period; 365 million year ago, ending the Permian; 195 million year ago, ending the Triassic and the most recent, 65 million ago ending the Cretaceous period. The most significant of these mega disasters took places at the end of the Permian, destroying over 95 percent of life on Earth, possibly to due massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia and associated greenhouses causing global warming (Coenraads, 2006)4.

That is for mega disaster. There are a lot of types natural disaster that already occur now a day such as flood, hurricane, and etc. But there are a few major natural disasters that created history in this world such as cyclone, famines and droughts, earthquake, heat waves, flood and storms and also tsunami. These events have their own story that makes it become history in human life.

First of all let discuss about Cyclone. What exactly is Cyclone? According to Kumar (2006), cyclone can be defined as are hurricanes (wind speed exceeds 73mph) that are generated in the Indian Ocean. Circulating winds less than 39mph are called tropical depression; winds reaching 39 to 73mph are classified as tropical storms5.

Robert coenraads,2006 natural disasters and how we cope; the world greatest natural disaster (pp 19)
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Nikuj Kumar, 2006 - Disaster Management (pp 208-210)

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The first cyclone happen around 1737 at Bay of Bengal a cyclone destroyed 20,000 ships in the densely populated area with a huge amount of shipping and trade; it is estimated that more than 300,000 people died6. The latest case of cyclone reported in 29th October 1999. Also happen in India, eastern state of Orissa, Super cyclone with winds guts up to 190mph and wanes of up to 15 feet in height crashed into the 85 mile of coastal stretch and caused devastation in the districts of Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur, Puri, Suttack, and Jaipur.

The effect of this event are transportation routes, infrastructure, public building including schools and hospital, communication lines, utilities, and thousands of acres of farmland were destroyed. More than 9,500 people died, 2.5 million become homeless, four hundred thousand head of livestock had drowned, and the damage estimation reached US $3.5 billion7.

The second major natural disasters are famines, this event occur when large populations become malnourished and die of starvation. They are often associated with crop failure due to drought or pestilence, but may also arise from human-related causes. Death tolls from famine can rival those pandemics, particularly with rapidly rising population pressures in certain part of the worlds. During the little-publicized three difficult years in china from 1958 to 1961, as many as 43 million people starved to death (Coenraads, 2006)8. Drought related to the famines particularly common in China, India, and Africa, where they may last up to several years and lead to severe land
6 7

Nikuj Kumar, 2006 - Disaster Management (pp 208-210) Nikuj Kumar, 2006 - Disaster Management (pp 208-210) 8 Robert coenraads,2006 natural disasters and how we cope; the world greatest natural disaster (pp 17)

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degradation. Essentially, the land in many of these high-populations density areas has been pushed beyond its human-carrying capacity. It is particularly difficult for the international community to respond to famine disasters because of the enormous number people of effected (Coenraads, 2006)9.

For earthquake event China also become unfortunate because they become the worlds top two most deadly earthquakes. The first event happens on the morning of February 14, 1556. That was a powerful earthquake, almost millions people were living in caves at that time were buried when the caves collapse during the landslides happen. Approximately 830,000 people were killing that time, or 60 percent of China populations. On July 28, 1976, once again the earthquake takes place. The second attack killing almost 242,000 people as they lay sleeping, the Tangshan city was almost totally destroyed (Coenraads, 2006)10.

In Asia the most natural event that probably will be remind all the time are when Tsunami happen in 2004 in Sumantra Andaman Islands. The tsunami occur when earthquake generate it, this event swept onto the densely populated coastlines of Indian Ocean. Almost 300,000 people were killed. The sheer magnitude of causalities has spurred the global community into taking responsibilities for the development of advance-warning systems for this kind of natural disaster (Ghandi, 200711).

Robert coenraads,2006 natural disasters and how we cope; the world greatest natural disaster (pp 17) 10 Ditto (pp 18) 11 P. Jegadish Gandhi, 2007 Disaster Mitigation and Management Post- Tsunami Perspectives

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The last event that may be rarely happen but also become major among the natural disaster is heat waves. For information extreme heat kills more Americans each year than floods, lightening, tornadoes, and hurricanes combined. Prolonged exposure to extreme heat taxes the human body beyond its abilities to function properly and can cause sunstroke, heat cramps and heat exhaustion. It also can exacerbate existing health conditions such as heart or respiratory problems. Children, infants, and the elderly are especially susceptible to heat.

This occurs when an air mass stalls over a region. The temperature and often the humidity build to unhealthy levels for days on ends, explained the National Weather Service. Humidity reduces your bodys natural cooling mechanism, the evaporation of moisture or sweat from your skin. Thus, the higher the humidity, the hotter a temperature feels to your body.

City residents are particularly vulnerable to high heat conditions. When strong sunlight hit brick and stone, surfaces warm to temperatures even higher than air. The heat radiates back at night, so the city does not cool down. Ironically, northern cities sometimes fare worse because citizens and governments are not prepared for it and can be caught off guard (Kumar, 2006)
12

12

Nikuj Kumar, 2006 - Disaster Management (pp 208-210)

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Based on the discussion about the major natural disaster that happen in history, we can conclude that Natural disasters are happening more often and having an ever more dramatic impact on the world in terms of both their human and economic cost. While the number of lives lost declined in the past 20 years800,000 people died from natural disasters in the 1990s compared with 2 million in the 1970sthe number of people affected has risen. In the past decade, the number of people affected by natural disasters tripled to 2 billion13.Each of these natural disasters has short term and long term effects. Human activities play a role in the frequency and severity of natural disasters that have diverse causes. A natural when it occurs disrupts the balance of the environments, causes property damage and event loss of life (Devon, 2011)14.

One of most devastating effects of natural disasters is the damages to physical property left behind. homes are destroyed, leaving scores of peoples homeless, vehicles and other personal possessions are damaged and business are forced to shut down, some permanently due to physical ruin(Devon,2011)15. When public transportation such as train and cars can become damaged and businesses temporarily close, its preventing people from working. The government may spend a great deal of money to reconstruct areas that were affected by natural disaster, and may deal with billions of dollars of economic losses (Arellano, 2011).16

13

Natural Disaster : Counting the cost http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20169861~pagePK:642 57043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html 14 Devon Willis, 2011 Short- Term Effect of Natural Disasters. 15 Devon Willis, 2011 Short- Term Effect of Natural Disasters. 16 Jose Arellano, 2011 What a Negative Effects Of Natural Disasters?

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Besides that communities surround areas affected by natural disasters are seriously affected by the disruptions caused to utility services. Generally, power is the first thing to go when theres a natural disaster. This can literally mean life or death to people who are on life support systems such as oxygen and dialysis. Medical assistance becomes hard (Devon,2011)17.

When a natural disaster strikes, the emotional toll on the people affected is quite devastating. Whiles possessions can be replaced eventually through insurances, the emotional damage can take a long while to heal. People lose loved ones in natural disasters, deaths of people and precious pets, seriously injury people, missing all add up to severe emotional trauma. Communities get displaced meaning separation from family and friends. Victims face stress, trauma, anxiety and depression as a result of natural disasters (Devon,2011)18. People who are susceptible to traumas becomes depressed and develop an anxiety disorders that can be developed after a disaster is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which can leave a person feeling traumatised years after the disasters(Arellano, 2011).19

17 18 19

Devon Willis, 2011 Short- Term Effect of Natural Disasters. Devon Willis, 2011 Short- Term Effect of Natural Disasters. Jose Arellano, 2011 What a Negative Effects Of Natural Disasters?

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The social consequences of natural disasters in short and long term are wide ranging. The disaster affects housing, people are left homeless and rebuilding a home takes a long time and a lot of money. Health care infrastructure is affected, the impacts are worse in developing countries that already have poor facilities to begin with. Disease starts spreading and without proper medical attention, makes a situation worse. Education is big losers when a natural disaster happens, schools are often closed, teachers are unable to come in to work and children are displaced are unable to attend school. Transportation capacity is reduced hindering reliefs efforts and disrupting normal life (Devon, 2011)20.

All this human, property, environmental loss, psychologist and social effects can be categorized as one which is physical effect. For economical effect when the event occurs the development process was disrupt unless contingency plans already in place and fiscal and monetary policies can be adjusted with sufficient flexibility. Disasters may also reduce availability of new investment, further constricting the growth of the region. Besides, additional pressures may be imposed on finances of the governments through investments in relief and rehabilitation works. Disasters have forced countries to postponed national development programmes and have contributed to worsening already precarious social, economic and environmental conditions, particularly in human settlements.

20

Devon Willis, 2011 Short- Term Effect of Natural Disasters.

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According to the International Red Cross, which publishes an annual World Disasters Report, says the economic cost of natural disasters has skyrocketed. In the past two decades alone, direct economic losses from natural disasters multiplied fivefold to US$629 billion. Annual direct losses from weather-related events increased from an estimated $3.9 billion in the 1950s to $63 billion in the 1990s. Other recent statistics show:

In the 1990s, an average of 80,000 people died each year in natural disasters. In 2003, there were about 700 natural disasters which killed about 75,000 people and caused about US$65 billion damage (source: Munich Re, 2004). Of this insured losses accounted for only US$15.8 billion.

Between 1980 and 2003, the World Bank financed 147 postcatastrophe reconstruction projects worth about $12.5 billion.21

Disasters are closely linked to poverty as they can wipe out decades of development in a matter of hours. Because natural disasters hit poor people the hardest, implementing effective disaster recovery programs, if they are well targeted, may be an effective means of reducing poverty, according to a forthcoming report by the ProVention Consortium an international network of public, private, non-governmental, and academic organizations dedicated to reducing the impact of disasters in developing countries. Other senior disaster recovery officials share that view:

21

Natural Disaster : Counting the cost http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20169861~pagePK:642 57043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html

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Disasters are first and foremost a major threat to development and specifically to the development of the poorest and most marginalized people in the world. and ensure they stay poor. Didier J Cherpitel, former Secretary General of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies said in the organizations 2002 Disaster Report.

According to the World Banks Margaret Arnold show that from 19902000 for Argentina the GDP was 1.81%, followed by China 2.5%, Bangladesh-5.21%, Zimbabwe-9.21%, Jamaica-12.58% and Nicaragua15.6%. This percentage of GDP shows that natural disasters resulted in damages constituting between 2 to 15 percent of an exposed countrys annual GDP. GDP losses for individual events can be even more devastating: In Honduras, Hurricane Mitch caused losses equal to 41% of GDP. In terms of the governments annual tax revenue, the losses amounted to 292%22.

According to Dr Anna Moss, Maple croft Environmental Analyst,. She saoid that "When economic losses are taken as absolute figures, it is predominantly the industrialised countries, such as USA and China, that shoulder the greatest costs," "However, when losses are calculated as a percentage of GDP, it is developing countries that are most exposed. For example, the USA's losses from the 1997-1998 El Nio were US$ 1.96 billion, or 0.03 percent of GDP, whereas in Ecuador, economic losses were US$ 2.9 billion, or 14.6 percent of GDP."

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Natural Disaster : Counting the cost http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20169861~pagePK:642 57043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html

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A research has been done by Maplecroft's to a several places that have been damaged by natural disaster, first of all Haiti, which was hit by a 7.0 magnitude earthquake in January 2010, suffered an estimated 222,570 fatalities and close to $8 billion worth of economic damage, according to its government. However, Haiti is also highly vulnerable to hydrometeorological disasters and Maplecroft's research reveals that even without the damage from the 2010 earthquake, which was equivalent to 73% of annual GDP, the Caribbean country would still have had the 12th highest economic loss in the index23.

In Mozambique is particularly vulnerable to the hydro-meteorological impacts of climate change and has suffered an increasing amount of floods and droughts in the last decade. In 2000, Mozambique was hit by the worst flood in 50 years, which killed 800 and caused economic losses estimated at US$419m. The World Bank also reported that Mozambique is at increasing risk from storm surges (flood of water caused by wind and low pressure) due to climate change and estimates that 41% of the country's coastal area and 52% of coastal GDP is vulnerable24.

23

Haiti and Mozambique most vulnerable to economic losses from natural disasters

http://maplecroft.com/about/news/economic_losses.html
24

Ditto

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Natural disasters have economics, politics and social implications. When natural disasters occur, governments, provincial and central come to rescue of the affected but in a majority of cases they are criticised for the delayed response, for insufficient help or for not helping the neediest usually women and children, rendered homeless and left without any help. The fiscal aspect is only a part of economics of natural disasters. A corollary to natural disasters is assets loss. Such losses are sustained by private individuals, shops and private and public establishments in varying degrees. Let take case of materials looses of individuals, shops and private and public sectors production units. Immediately after a disaster, it is necessary to provide the affected food and shelters, medical help and money for meeting the daily needs of essential goods, Governments provides relief with their own personnel and with help of NGOs.

From the discussion on the effect of natural disaster above, there are few question come out through my finds. Firstly what are action has been taken by government to reduce or decreasing the effect of natural disaster toward the nation? How the government reduce the rate of occurrences of natural disaster?

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Every government in this world always try their best to protect their nation toward natural disaster, from my reading I can make a conclusion that there are a lot of methods that have take by government to reduce the effect of natural disaster. For example in China, the most suffering countries severe natural hazard all over the world. In this country the earthquake disaster is a huge negative effect on sustainable healthy development. The government always laid stress on making series of measures to reduce the level of risk and hazard since 1970s. By now, the accepted abilities of earthquake risk and hazard have been greatly improved in recent year (Kumar, 2006).

According the statistics, all of main cities and large states enterprises have set up their own special earthquake system. Some cities which located in high earthquake risk area almost rehearse the rescuing and rushrepairing procedure in designed earthquake every year. The anti-seismic awareness of the public is trained. To mitigate the earthquake disaster, it has been proved that earthquake disaster management is one of the important and powerful tools in China (Kumar, 2006)..

In Japans, their government also practice disaster management system, it is the responsibility of the affected municipalities to deal with the situations and only in extreme cases do the related prefectures support them and carry out overall coordination (Kumar, 2006)..

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Besides that in Japan government also have The Japan Medical Team for Disaster Relief (JMTDR) was established in 1982, with the aim of engaging in international medical emergency relief operation when major natural disaster occurs. Volunteer doctor and nurses are registered to JMTDR after taking a training course on emergency disaster relief. They also create the cornerstone of legislation on disaster risk reduction with Disaster Countermeasures Act, enacted in 1961, which set out basis for measures to reduce disaster risk in Japan (Kumar, 2006).

Bangladesh is predominantly a rural country, relying heavily upon agricultural production for its existences. Unfortunately, its topography and climatic systems make it one of the most water-related disaster prone countries in the Asian region. As we know, it is frequently struck by destructive cyclones, devastating floods and crippling droughts. These hazards cause severe agricultural losses and place great strains on countrys economy and its ability to achieve sustainable development (Kumar, 2006).

In order to combat the many major disaster which have afflicted Bangladesh in recent years, the governments has pursued a vigorous programme of disaster management. This programme gave the initial priority to improvement in the forecasting and early warning systems for cyclones and floods, along with emphasis on emergency response and relief. Subsequently initiatives have involved prevention and preparedness measures with bias towards infrastructure development, such as construction of coastal dykes and river embankments.

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More recently, multilevel initiatives are being pursued which includes awareness and education programmes, decentralized planning and community participation in disaster mitigation and response, involvements of NGOs in disaster mitigation on response and incorporation of disaster management and reduction component in development projects. Up to the present time, the disaster management programme has been successful in mitigating the effects of water-related natural disasters (Kumar, 2006).

Besides that their government also constructed and equipment cyclone shelters to reduce the number of life lost to typhoons and tropical cyclones. Progress had been achieve in developing mitigation measures to improve the safety non-engineered structures such as ordinary dwellings and simple public buildings constructed with local materials in traditional manner. In some countries of the region there was a need for preparation or review of cyclone resistant design codes for building and other engineering structures and for their enforcements, as well as the undertaking of proper arrangements for the infrastructures to be able to deal with natural hazards (Kumar, 2006).

The republic of Korea also has the same problems with Bangladesh. Over last 20 years, these hazards have caused considerable loos of life, disruptions to the economy and massive property damage. A review of the available damage statistic discloses that the Government effort in natural disaster reduction has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the death toll. The average annual loss life has been reduced from 280 to less than 80. However, the average annual damages have remained substantially costant over the same period (Kumar, 2006).
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These achievements can be attributed to improved disaster

management planning and the initiative associated with a plan. The most significant initiates have involved that have been implied by Korean govern are: i. A strengthening of the institutional framework for natural disaster prevention and preparedness by concentrating the overall responsibility for the task into a single agency. ii. A comprehensive revision of the natural disaster

countermeasure act to incorporate comprehensive disaster prevention measures

iii.

Provision to adequate funding for operational aspects and the encouragements of private participation in disaster mitigation

iv.

The placing of greater emphasis on scientific research in the field of disaster prevention

v.

The formulation of 5-year disaster prevention plan

(Kumar, 2006)

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The Korean government do not stop at that step, to cope with the fact that disaster are becoming more varied and larger scale, the Korean Government is continuing its effort in the field of disaster reduction by concentrating on such aspect:

i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.

Streamlining land development regulations Availability of flood insurance Greater investment in flood control Systematic scientific research for disaster prevention Development of a national disaster management system Active international cooperation (Kumar, 2006).

Most countries of the region had enacted legislation to provide for the controls and responsibilities necessary to cope with disaster situation. This legislation has permitted the relevant authorities to govern the long-term requirements of disaster prevention and the short-term needs of disaster preparedness.

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The approach in India is totally different from the Republic of Korea even though their problems are similar. In India, their government make an improvement in cyclone forecasting and warning through remote sensing systems, including satellite and weather radars. Timely warnings and quick response has permitted the early evacuation of threatened populations. As a consequence, the number of cyclone related deaths has been reduced by a factor of 10.

For flood event, they use flood modifications strategies include both structural and non-structural measures. Their government constructed numerous of dams, drainage channel and protective embankments along rivers to help mitigate the intensity of floods and reduce damage of area. For the non-structural includes risk mapping, flood plain zoning and forecasting and warning.

They also us watershed management to elevated in importance to further reduce run-off and promote sustainable development. For drought monitoring and alleviation is also afforded a high priority in disaster management. The construction of water storages, monitoring of crop situations and the implementations of drought management strategies has helped to ameliorate the effect of drought and to reduce the amount of associated damages.

( Sources :Kumar, 2006)

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In an effort to further its achievements in water related disaster reduction, India is directing its effort towards the liking of disaster mitigation with development planning, the establishment of more effective communication systems, the use of the latest information technology, the introduction of disaster insurance, the employment of extensive public awareness and education campaigns, particularly in rural areas, the greater involvement of the private sector, the strengthening of institutional mechanisms and international cooperation (Kumar, 2006).

In Malaysia the most severe climate-related natural disasters in Malaysia are monsoon floods and flash floods. These floods are common hydrological phenomena in Malaysia, on average affecting an area of 29,000 km2, more than 4.82 million people (22% of the population) and inflicting annual damage of RM 915 million. Government of Malaysia created flood mitigation policy and strategy to reduce the implication from the flood (Safie, 2006)25.

25

Mohd. Safie Mohd GIS Analysis for flood Hazard Mapping : Case study : Segamat, Johor, West Malaysia; SEMINAR NASIONAL GIS 2006

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This structural measure consist of controlling flood flows, whereas non-structural measures such as land conservation regulate human activities to mitigate the impact of flooding. Another indispensable nonstructural measure is the adoption of a flood forecasting and warning system. With this in mind, policy guidelines for implementing flood mitigation measures will include the following:

i.

Implementation of structural flood mitigation in terms of engineering and socio- economic environment, Implementation of complementary non-structural measures, Implementation of non-engineering measures where there is no engineering solution, and Continuation on strengthening flood forecasting and warning systems. (Sources: Safie, 2006)26.

ii. iii. iv.

In 1982 the government conducted a National Water Resources Study on structural and non-structural measures for flood mitigation and management. Subsequently, a number of flood mitigation projects were completed, such as canalization of rivers, raising river embankments and multi-purpose dams. The financial involvement for such projects was increased in Malaysias five yearly development allocations. Such escalating expenditures require the government to be more proactive in finding ways and means to address the flood problems in a holistic manner. Government machinery allows the Economic Planning Unit of the Prime Ministers Department to coordinate all aspects of planning, design and implementation of water resources in the country.
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Mohd. Safie Mohd GIS Analysis for flood Hazard Mapping : Case study : Segamat, Johor, West Malaysia; SEMINAR NASIONAL GIS 2006

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The Malaysian Government also formed the National Disasters and Relief Committee to be responsible for planning, coordinating and supervising relief operations during floods. Most of the committee members are governmental departments/agencies and social organizations that are able to provide shelter, rescue, food and medical supplies (Safie, 2006)27.

They also are using Flood Forecasting and Warning System. To date, the following infrastructures for flood forecasting and warning systems have been installed28: - 233 telemetric rainfall stations; - 190 telemetric water level stations; - 256 manual stick gauges; - 84 flood warning boards; - 217 flood sirens; - Real-time flood forecasting and warning systems in nine river basins.

27

Mohd. Safie Mohd GIS Analysis for flood Hazard Mapping : Case study : Segamat, Johor, West Malaysia; SEMINAR NASIONAL GIS 2006
28

Total Disaster Risk Management - Good Practices Chapter 3

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The

Department

of

Irrigation

and

Drainage

Malaysia

(DID),

responsible for providing flood forecasting and warning service to the public, has established an Internet-based National Flood Monitoring System known as Infobanjir (http://infobanjir.moa.my), via which rainfall and water level data can be collected for the whole country. The government has been working closely with the Canadian government to establish the GEOREX Monsoon Flood System for the Kelantan River Basin, a flood monitoring system integrating remote sensing, hydrological model and geographical information systems (GIS).This system allows the merging of hydrological data, such as river water levels and potential flooded areas, with geographical data on demography and transportation infrastructure. Effective natural disaster management planning can help government control and reduce the implication from natural disaster29.

For the conclusion, we can said that natural disaster will gave effects to human whether in physical and emotional or economically. We as human need to know how to manage the change, if we can well manage the disaster and which would develop the preparedness among the people at large to face any thing and any time. If we have an effective natural disaster management, that is part of strategic social planning, widely informed and inclusive, is an important requirement for developing countries in close proximity to the ring of fire zone. It is also important globally because of the wide range of climate-induced natural disasters and man-made disasters.

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Total Disaster Risk Management - Good Practices Chapter 3

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REFERENCES Devon Willis, 2011 Short- Term Effect of Natural Disasters. Haiti and Mozambique most vulnerable to economic losses from natural disasters http://maplecroft.com/about/news/economic_losses.html Jose Arellano, 2011 What a Negative Effects Of Natural Disasters? Mohd. Safie Mohd GIS Analysis for flood Hazard Mapping: Case study: Segamat, Johor, West Malaysia; SEMINAR NASIONAL GIS 2006 Natural Disaster: Counting the cost http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:20 169861~pagePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html Nikuj Kumar, 2006 - Disaster Management P. Jegadish Gandhi, 2007 Disaster Mitigation and Management PostTsunami Perspectives Robert Coenraads, 2006 Natural Disasters and How We Cope; the World Greatest Natural Disaster Total Disaster Risk Management - Good Practices Chapter 3 Nor Azliza Binti Akbar, 2006 - Flood Damage Assessment Model Using CostBenefit Analysis

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