Real Number System

1. Evaluate
(a) 3

(b) 3 2 5 (c)
2
2 4 6 4 (d) 1 4 9

2. (a) Find 3% of 140. (b) Increase $245 by 7.2%
(c) 12% of a number is 42. Find the number.
(d) After an increase of 15%, the price of an item is $335.
Find the original price of the item (nearest cent).
(e) The price of an item is increased by 12%, then the result is decreased by 8%.
Find the nett increase in price as a percentage of the original price.
(f) What percentage decrease is required to turn 137 into 98?
(g) An item valued at $15 undergoes thirty consecutive increases of 12%.
Find the ultimate value of the item.
(h) After thirty consecutive increases of 12% each, the price of an item is $25000.
What was the original price of the item?
(i) If the price of an item is reduced by 23%, its value will be $44.84 less than if the original price had
instead been increased by 36%. Find the original price of the item.
(j) The yearly report mark is derived from the results of four exams.
The first exam counts 10%, the second counts 20%, the third 30%, and the fourth 40%.
Jessica scores 76, 86 and 82 respectively in the first three exams.
What must she score in the final exam to receive a yearly report mark of 85% ?
(k) A jeweler has 10 ounces of an alloy that is 50% gold. How much pure gold does the jeweler
need to add to this alloy to increase the percentage of gold to 60% ?

3. Evaluate without the use of a calculator.
(a) 0.0002 0.04 (b)
1 1
2 5
4 1
5 3
+

(c) 0.0256 (d)

16
1.96 10

(e) the number of squares of area 0.2 mm
2
which can be cut from a square of area 32 m
2
.

4. Convert the following decimals to fractions (in simplest form)
(a) 0.7 (b) 0.7

(c) 0.27

(d) 0.27

(e) 1.4

(f) 0.04

(g) 0.217

(h) 0.217

(i) 23.12

(j) 0.9

5. Evaluate, writing your answers as recurring decimals (no calculators):
(a) 0.5 0.2

(b) 0.7 0.2

(c) 0.21 0.12

6. Evaluate without the use of a calculator
(a)
1
5

(b)
2
8

(c)
3
1
2

| |
|
\ .
(d)
2
1
2
3

| |
|
\ .
(e)
0
5a
(f)
1
2
9 (g)
1
3
8

(h)
3
5
32 (i)
2
3
3
3
8

| |
|
\ .
(j)
0
2
12 7
3

7. For each number in the following list, decide whether it belongs to , (J), or :
(Write only the smallest set to which the number belongs).
3,
2
3
, t , 2 1 ,
3
8
27
,-7,0.2, 0.2

, 0.9

8. Write out the proof that 2 is irrational.
9. Evaluate each of the following to the stated accuracy:
(a)
0.7 2.92
2.3 1.63
+

(2 decimal places)
(b) 123.456 (i) 5 significant figures
(ii) 3 significant figures
(iii) 1 significant figure

10. Evaluate the following, giving each answer in Scientific Notation, correct to the stated number of
significant figures. (Make sure you use the Scientific Notation input function on your calculator when
numbers are given in Scientific Notation.)
(a)
( ) ( )
4 15
5.71 10 3.8 10

[2] (b)
22
7
4.2 10
6.9 10

[3] (c) ( ) ( )
2
3
70 5.61 4.7 10

[3]

11. (a) In 2006 the population of Australia was approximately 20.3 million.
If each person in Australia produced an average of 0.712 kg of waste each day, how many tonnes
of waste were produced in Australia in 2006?
Express your answer in scientific notation correct to three significant figures.

(b) The diameter of the sun is approximately
5
8.656 10 miles. There are 1.609 kilometres in a mile. If
the suns diameter is 109 times that of the earth, what is the earths diameter in kilometres
correct to three significant figures?

12. ( )
2
1 1 x x =
This statement is sometimes true, sometimes untrue.
Write down (i) the values of x for which it is true
(ii) the values of x for which it is false
(iii) an expression for the RHS that will make the statement true for the values of x in
part (ii)


Answers
1. (a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 12 (d) 4
2. (a) 4.2 (b) $262.64 (c) 350 (d) $291.30 (e) 3.04%
(f) 28.5% (g) $449.40 (h) $834.45 (i) $76 (j) 89%
(k) 2.5 oz
3. (a) 0.005 (b)
1
1
2
(c) 0.16 (d)
8
1.4 10

(e)
8
1.6 10
4. (a)
7
10
(b)
7
9
(c)
5
18
(d)
3
11
(e)
4
1
9

(f)
4
99
(g)
217
999
(h)
43
198
(i)
11
23
90
(j) 1
5. (a) 0.3

(b) 0.57

(c) 0.09


6. (a)
1
5
(b)
1
64
(c) 8 (d)
9
49
(e) 5
(f) 3 (g)
1
2
(h) 8 (i)
4
9
(j) 99
7. , , , , , , , ,
9. (a) 5.40 (b) (i) 123.46 (ii) 123 (iii) 100
10. (a)
12
2.2 10 (b)
18
6.09 10
(c)
7
3.28 10

11. (a)
4
1.45 10
(b)
4
1.28 10

12. (i)
1 x >
(b)
1 x <
(c)
1 x