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ABSTRACT:The 4G communication system has sprung from a usage-driven research framework to invent new technologies for the wireless

world vision.The evolution of such a wireless system (Also called beyond 3G or B3G) is closely linked to rapid advances in the digital and component technologies. The 4G technology communication system is the futuristic wireless communication system which is to be get advented in the nearby future. 4G will connect the entire globe and be operable from practically anyway on the Earth. It would allow more complex voice-over-IP services, mode media-rich messaging services and more native support for local area networking on handsets. The 4G communication system is the merger of consumer electronics, computer systems, telecommunication systems, broadcasting leading to an information convergence that will require increasing seamless connections that is getting over barriers of different wireless standards and bands. The 4G wireless communication system can be integrated with the INTERNET PROTOCOL backbone network to provide quality-of-service (QoS) support for multimedia applications. It will support dynamic scheduling, link adaptation and frequency selection as well as full roaming capabilities. 4G will also mean mobile telephony at a data rate of 100Mbits per second globally (between any two points in the world) and 1GBPS locally. This paper starts with an overview of advent of 4G technology, what actually 4G means, revolution of 4G, 4G initiatives, 4G architecture, 4G characteristics, applications.

INTRODUCTION:Telecommunication was the most discussed subject of the past decade . From Wi-Fi to WiMax, and from cell phones to smart phones and the sky is the limit for the heated debates. In this modern arena one is connected totally connected, through not only much improved phone that allow oneself to stay connected anywhere and at anytime. The terms 2G, 3G and 4G essentially stand for the rate at which data is transmitted. While 2G refers to the speed of 9.6Kbps , 3G data rates are 384Kbps maximum for downloads (typically around 200 Kbps) and 63 Kbps for uploads. Compared to this, 4G refers to transmission of 20Mbps for uplinks and

100Mbps for downlinks-upto 260 times faster than popular 3G services. Competition and the need for differentiation are driving the industry to move us out of this relatively stable environment and into the brave new third-generation (3G) world of mobile multimedia and Internet access. 1G was a commercial venture intended to grow mobile communications business - it expanded the network. 2G was a "rescue lines but also the Internet, wireless networks and Gadgets mission" to improve the quality of the network experience - it optimized the network access. 3G is a commercial venture intended to grow mobile communication business. 4G will again be a rescue mission to improve the access to the new network.

ADVENT OF 4G:There is a shift from wide range radio communication to the short range radio communication. Pervasive broadband wireless networking will encompass personal area network (PANs) , which use bluetooth, zigbee and ultra-wide band (UWB) technologies, sensor networks as well as other advanced applications and services like radio-frequency identification (RFID) and mesh networking. Reasons to Have 4G

This leads to the advent of 4G technology from the most popular 3G services. 4G wireless network will bring in some major changes in the battery-driven devices in use, sensors integrated into communication networks and use of new frequency band with a release of bandwidth. Cooperation across terminals and subnetworks and features such as reconfigurability, adaptivity, programmability and flexibility of excess schemes, services and terminal devices will also be schemed.

Support interactive multimedia services: teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc. Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates. Global mobility and service portability. Low cost. Scalability of mobile networks.

What's New in 4G

Entirely packet-switched networks. All network elements are digital. Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at lower cost (up to 100Mbps). Tight network security.

Comparison of 3G and 4G

3G

4G

Back compatible to 2G. Circuit and packet switched networks.

Extend 3G capacity by one order of magnitude. Entirely packet switched networks.

Data rate (up to 2Mbps).

Higher bandwidth (up to100Mbps).

Combination of existing & evolved equipment.

All network elements are digital.

4G CHARACTERISTICS: No circuit switching ( since it has an IP core network ). Distributed architecture, a decentralized network ( pushes intelligence away from the centre). Improved spectral efficiency . Flexible allocation . Significantly lower cost per bit than 3G. Seamless network of multiple air interfaces and protocols. Higher data bandwidth (greater than 100Mbps). End to End and context aware services. Location and orientation dependent applications. Layered architecture a line for independent evolution of underline parts as they are transparent to application.

AN OVERVIEW OF 4G:The future mobile devices will be capable of supporting multiple wireless standards , and operate in a multimode , multiband fashion. To analyse the 4G communication system, let us consider an example which will demonstrate this concept

using a personalized application.

message his home network . By looking up vinits profile his home network sends back the location of vinits agent to the sunnys agent . Let us consider a person say(sunny) Ones the sunnys agent identifies vinits who makes a call request to another person location , the sunnys agent can directly (say vinit) , the sunnys agent first locates communicate with his agent . Different agents vinits agent by making a location request to may be used for different services .

video

4G ARCHITECTURE:The conceptual 4G system by DoCoMo is very different from the present 2.5G architecture as it has cells for outdoors,

indoors and inside moving vehicles. Outdoors cells cover a wide area and allow data transfer

Cells will be created within moving vehicles (like buses and trains) and served by a mobile router having wireless functions. Signals will be relayed through this routers instead of the terminals individually communicating with the base stations.

at high bit rates for fast-moving terminals. In indoors one can find separate excess points.

Shadows and electronic interferences cause dead spotsareas within the coverage of a wireless network in which transmission falls off. A multihop connection like 4G service makes it effective in expanding the cell size, is being investigated as a way to overcome

dead spots. Smart antennas can also help prevent dead spots resulting from ultipath propagationspots resulting from multipath propagation.

4G INDUSTRY INITIATIVES:The wireless world research forum , consisting of Alcatel, Ericsson, Nokia and Siemens , has begun research on 4G . NTT DoCoMo has started conceptual design of the 4G network on paper and , along with Siemens , in conducting indoor tests with the radius radio condition as preparation for future field test to develop of 4G global standard in coordination with the International Telecommunications Union Radio communication sector .

In Japan , the telecommunciation council of ministery of Internal Affairs and Communication in overseeing efforts to develop technologies for 4G commercial services by 2010. Verizon wireless , large service provider , is also likely to conduct trials of 4G applications . DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA. The Indian government has established the Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology (CEWT) in collabaration with IIT Madras to work on 4G wireless communication . India , as also China may directly jump to 4G by the end of this decade.

CONCEPT OF RADIO ACCESS:-

well suited to building automation, industrial , medical, and residential control and monitoring 4G radio access equipment will employ the applications. variable-spreading-factor spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radio access method and 2. UWB:multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing UWB is a short range wireless RF signal that techniques. They will also use a new signal-detection can be used to relay data from a host device to other algorithm to achieve 1Gbps peak data transmission with devices in the immediate area. A signal is UWB if its a 100MHz downlink Smart antennae, OFDM, bandwidth is greater than 0.25*carrier frequency. It software-defined radio and mesh networking will be the works for devices 10 metres apart, helping to create a building blocks of the 4G infrastructure. In fact, cell wire free home or office. For example, all the sites in the 4G world will eventually reside in the components of a gome entertainment centre can be handset and towers will become as ubiquitous as connected without using wires. handsets that will be on all the time. UWB technology can transmit data between consumer electronics, PC peripherals and mobile devices TRANSITION FROM 3G TO 4G:at very high speeds while consuming little power. Its not a complete communication standard like Bluetooth. 1. ZIGBEE:- Zigbee is a new wireless standard 3.WiBro:based on IEEES 802.15.4 specification that could The WiBro technology, short for Wireless serve as a lower-cost alternative for wireless Broadband, is based on the 802.16e standard. It offers sensing and contro. It allows small devices to mobility , wide-area services and global standardization quickly. for wireless broadband applications. Zigbee finds applications in professional With WiBro, users can transmit small amounts of data installation kits for lighting contol, heating, such as temperature readings for thermostats and on/off vintilation, air-conditioning and security. It is also requests for light switches or other remote monitoring and

control needs. Zigbee devices can transmit information beyond 20 metres and run for years on inexpensive primary batteries. wirelessly receive data applications and multimedia content, at speeds up to 121 Kmph (75 miles per hour), while traveling across large geographic areas. The applications of WiBro are diverse, including mcommerce, mobile trading, entertainment (for realtime streaming and broadcasting), 3-D gaming, interactive news and distance education. It can also be for information flow to networked homesthe deepest recesses of a country.

Health monitoring:- 4G could result in an increase in remote health monitoring of patients, as faster , real time communication enables better two-way transmission of vital medical data. What type of services will 4G allow? Of course it is impossible to predict technology developments and the evolution of culture and customer needs. 4G in principle will allow highquality smooth video transmission.

Is video really a killer application for 3G and 4G? Usage data in Japan do not show that video telephony is 4.Wireless system discovery:a real killer application for 3G. However, this may change if quality and market penetration improves or To use 4G services, devices should be different marketing models are found. able to dynamically select the wireless system. This process is complicated in a 4G network because of its We believe however that music is a killer application heterogeneous nature. compare for example the success of iPod. At the One solution is to use software moment (3G) only very short music clips can be radio devices that can scan all the available downloaded. 4G is likely to enable the download of full networks. After scanning , these devices will load length songs or music pieces which may change the the required software and reconfigure themselves market response dramatically. Music rights for the selected network. The software can be management will be a major issue to solve. downloaded from such media as a PC server , smart card or memory card , or over the air. Operators wil also enjoy simplified network CONCLUSION:management. 4G will bring true human-like interaction with wearable, and maybe disposable, 4G AND ITS APPLICATIONS:devices. Terminals will encompass speech, hearing, sight and other human senses as well as environmental 4G wireless networks are data pertinent to the application, making the user expected to sweep the cell phone users off their feet, permanently connected to both the cyber-world as well and make all our lives less complicated. With abundant as the real world. The services will provide effortless services and media-rich broadband that will be 20 times access to other people and devices around us and the 4G faster than DSL, 4G networks will make even the network will be designed for the highest possible common e-mail facility more interactive than it already integrity and security. In fact , 4G can be best described is. Mobile users will have a multimedia inbox , and as MAGIC (a short for Mobile multimedia, Anytime receive mail attachments in the form of high-resolution anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless images, audio and video clips. The user can reply by solution and Customized personal service). The 4G era, recording an audio message, snapping a photo or beginning 2012 , might just be as Magical as we dream shooting a video, and sending it right back, using just it! the mobile. REFERENCES:-

1.) MULTI CARRIER TECHNIQUES FOR 4G MOBILE COMMUNICATION -SHINSUKE HARE 2.) 4G MOBILE TECHNOLOGY - HENDRIK BERNDT 3.) ELECTRONICS FOR YOU - UNKNOWN

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