Evolution of services in 3G Network

Lecture Notes DEA MISI 1 March 04

Functional Organisation of a telecommunication network

Service
Wireless Interface Wired Interface

UE
NNI UNI

Core Net
UNI

UE

Access Network

Three planes Architecture

Management Plane

Control Plane Higher Layers

User Plane

Layers Management

Lower Layers

Services available over a satellite network

FSS : fixed satellite service
Direct-To-Home (DTH) VSAT

BSS : Broadcast Satellite Service

Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) Digital Data Broadcast (DirecPC)

LMSS: Land Mobile Satellite Service MMSS : Maritime Mobile Satellite Service

Services and Teleservices

Services in telecommunication network
bearer services : describe the technical characteristics provided by the network (rate, error probability, transmission mode ...) to a communication required by a network user Teleservices : describe the higher and the lower layers (bearer services) provided by the network to the user applications (telephony, message transmission, fax, WEB services, ) Supplementary services : may be bearer services or teleservices (call identification, call transfer, free phone, CCC, ...
These are provided by the network to the user in order to transport the user applications within the framework of a Service Level Agreement SLA

Service Attributes
Low layers attributes : Information Transfer Attributes, Access Attributes High layers attributes : Type of User Information, Higher Layer Protocol Functions General attributes : Supplementary services provided, QOS, Interworking possibilities, Operational and commercial

These attributes define the scope of the service from the point of view of the user and are exchanged at the UNI level with Signalling Protocols.

Example of Services (2.5 G)

Digital phone Urgent Call Short Message Service : This service needs the
presence of a Short Message Service Center SMSC and a reliable communication between the terminal and the SMSC. The message length is limited to 160 characters in the point to point (reliable) mode and to 93 characters in broadcast (transparent) mode.

Data Services (GPRS)

Intelligent Network Approach

Flexibility in the design, test and update of new services Rapid service creation and deployment Service creation by the end users Possibility of maintaining within the network an IN and non-IN technologies within a context of multivendor operations

Universal Personal Telephony UPT

UPT is an IN service to be provided by the Universal MobileTelephony System UMTS Network and terminal independent user identification based on UPT number UPTN Personal mobility support Universal access procedures across multiple networks Personal charging and billing based on UPT number Personal user control and flexibility based on UPT service profile Security, privacy and protection from fraudulant use

UPT Service Control Procedures

Personal mobility procedures UPT call handling procedures UPT service profile management Supplementary services procedures Exceptional procedures

3G Deployment Scheme
Global Satellite
Target for UMTS initial development : high density and business areas

Suburban Micro-Cell

Urban In- Building Home-Cell Pico-Cell

Macro-Cell

Roaming UMTS/GSM FDD FDD/TDD

UMTS FDD/TDD TDD

2.5G/3G deployment (R.99)

PSTN Gi Gp

GMSC

GGSN

AuC
C
PSTN PSTN

Gc Gn Gr

HLR
D

EIR
F Gf Gs

VLR
B

VLR
B

MSC

MSC

SGSN

CN
A Gb IuCS IuPS

BSS BSC
Abis

RNS RNC
Iubis
Iur

RNC

BTS Um

BTS

Node B
cell

Node B

Uu ME
SIM-ME i/f or Cu

SIM

USIM
MS

Quality Of Service QOS General Principles

The QOS is associated with transfer classes : ATM ATCs, MAC MTCs, DiffServ service classes , The QOS may be found within several layers of the protocols stack (between the MAC and the application layers) up to the user level (subjective QOS), The QOS is defined by a
set of performance parameters, the most important parameters are the user call blocking probability, the packet delay (distribution, mean, variance, jitter), the PDU error probability, the PDU rate (peak, sustainable, minimum). These QOS parameters should be measurable and enforceable. A traffic contract between the user and the service provider (SLA)

The radio interface (mobile network case)

The radio channel is a rare resource. Given the available bandwidth, a large number of user may want to access concurrently the radio channel. The MAC layer handles the access to the radio channel by the users. The radio resource allocation is handled by the layer 3 of the control plane. This allocation is not specified by the standards. In order to ensure an efficient access scheme, (proprietary) scheduling mechanisms are required within a multi-service network (2.5G, 3G)

General Packet Radio Service GPRS

Packet switching service without using the circuit switching network resources Point to point data service Point to multi-point Connection oriented or connectionless data service Terminals: data, video (H263, MPEG4)

GPRS services
Conversational (mobile office) : Telnet Retrieval (mobile office) : WWW, FTP Messaging (mobile office) : Email Conferencing (mobile office) : Video Tele-action (telematics) : E-commerce Distribution (Road Traffic and Transport Informatics RTTI) : Road guidance

SGSN/GGSN
Mobililty Management Session Management
- QoS - Security - Attach/Detach BSS PCU BSS PCU
MAP Signalling (GGSN)

HLR
MAP Signalling (SGSN)

External Data Domain

SGSN

Intranet
Routeing info GGSN

Internet

Client

BSS PCU
SGSN

BSS PCU

Client

BSS PCU

- Routing - Signalling - Resource Mgt.

Servers

GPRS : Layered Architecture

User Plane
Application IP / X.25
Relay

IP / X.25 SNDCP LLC

Relay

SNDCP LLC RLC MAC GSM RF RLC MAC GSM RF Um BSSGP Network Service L1bis Gb

GTP UDP / TCP IP L2 L1 Gn

GTP UDP / TCP IP L2 L1

BSSGP Network Service L1bis

MS

BSS

SGSN

GGSN

Gi

GPRS QoS Attribute (1)

Mean Delay (128 octets) Class 1 (predictive) Class 2 (predictive) Class 3 (predictive) 0.5 s 5s 50 s 95 % (128 octets) 1.5 s 25 s 250 s Mean Delay 95 % (1024 (1024 octets) octets) 2s 15 s 75 s 7s 75 s 375 s

Class 4 (best Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified effort)

Charging
Charging methods similar to those used in the existing PDN Subscription fees paid regularly for a fixed period Traffic fees paid as a function of
the data volume type of service request QoS

QOS Generic Mechanisms

Admission Control (CAC) User Parameters Control (shaping, policing) & Measurements (metering) Traffic classification Service differentiation and scheduling

UMTS QOS Architecture

UMTS TE MT UTRAN CN Iu EDGE NODE CN Gateway TE

End-to-End Service

TE/MT Local Bearer Service

UMTS Bearer Service

External Bearer Service CN Bearer Service

Radio Access Bearer Service

Radio Bearer Service

Iu Bearer Service

Backbone Bearer Service

UTRA FDD/TDD Service

Physical Bearer Service

UMTS QOS Classes

4 classes Conversational class : Real Time, Low delay and
jitter ex : VoIP, Video conferencing tolerant jitter ex : Video-on-demand

Streaming class : One way streams, Real time, Interactive class : Request-response pattern,
preserve payload content, ex : Web browsing, server access, data base retrieval E-mails, MMS/SMS

Background class : Preserve payload content, ex :

The user plane protocols architecture

DTCH DCCH DCCH DTCH

MAC-d

MAC-d PHY DchFP AAL2 ATM Iub CRNC/SRNC

DchFP PHY PHY AAL2 ATM UE Uu NodeB

Terminal mobile

Last mile link Rseau de transport RNC

Node B

RLC MAC FP AAL2 ATM AAL2 ATM

Canaux radio Interface Iub

RLC MAC FP AAL2

AAL2/ATM

ATM

Transport channels
Transport channels are classified into two groups :
Common transport channels : RACH, FACH, DSCH, SCH, these are shared among several users. Dedicated transport channels : DCH, dedicated to one user at a call by call basis.

Transport channels will be transported over the AAL2 network

AAL2 structure
SAP SAP SAP Service Specific Assured Data Transfer
Primitives

SSADT SEG-SSCS CPS SSTED SSSAR AAL

Service Specific Transmission Error Detection

Primitives

Service Specific Segmentation and Reassembly

Primitives

Common Part Sublayer

SAP
ATM Adaptation Layer AAL Service Specific Assured Data Transfer SSADT Common PartSublayer (I.363.2) CPS Service Specific Segmentation and Reassembly SSSAR Service Access Point SAP Service Specific Transmission Error Detection SSTED SEG-SSCS Segmentation and Reassembly Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (I.366.1)

AAL2 organisation
Structure of the segmentation SSCS
SS-SAR : simple function of segmentation of messages which may have a length up to 65536 octets into a blocks of 45 octets, the last massage block may have a length less than 45 octets. The re-assembly process is the symmetrical one. SS-TED : errors detection (Transmission Error Detection) : bit errors, lost cells (similar functions with the ones available within the AAL5 CPCS) SS-ADT : errors correction (Assured Data Transfer)

Well adapted for transportation of real time low bit rate (short packet) traffic Differences with AAL5 : no bit stuffing

Minicell

CID

LI

UUI

HEC

CPS-INFO

Minicell header 5 oct. Payload par1 Pointer on Next minicell Payload par2... 5 oct. .2
Stuffing b

Minicell

CID

LI

UUI

HEC

CPS-INFO

Minicell header 5 oct. Payload par1 Pointer on Next minicell Payload par2... 5 oct. .2
Stuffing b

Differentiation of Services
RRC/RLC/MAC protocols stack :
the MAC layer scheduler does not alter the statistic of the real time (voice) traffic and smoothes the non real time (data) traffic Access Point) at the SSSAR sublayer, so the services differentiation is done at the connection set up time using the AAL2 signalling protocol

AAL2 Network : There is only one SAP (Service

QOS within the access network

(Release 99 case)

Main issues is the definition of the QOS at the AAL2 level able to
express the application needs use the ATM QOS

Present situation :
ATC CBR of the ATM is assumed to be used Voice and data are multiplexed within the same VC or on two separate VCs

QOS within UTRAN (R99)

Multiplexing of AAL2 connections over ATM VC Needs of scheduling mechanisms able to satisfy real time constrains CAC for radio and AAL2 network resources at the call set up and the HO levels Dynamic bandwidth allocation and statistical multiplexing of flows at the ATM level Needs for tractable traffic models at the call and the activity levels

RLC MAC FP Last Mile Link

Interface Iub

RNC

NODE B

Rseau de transport Edge Router

UDP IP L2 phy IP L2 phy IP MPLS

/ATM - Les flux transports dans

UDP IP le rseau de transport ne MPLS/ ATM sont pas multiplexes. - Plusieurs Classes de phy service peuvent tre supportes QoS1
QoS2

IP

IP PPP m ux ML-MC PPP/AAL2 /ATM Phy

phy

phy

HDLC/ phy - Le multiplexage est ralis sur le Last Mile Link - La diffrenciation des services peut tre ralise sur le Last Mile Link

Qualit de service point point

Sources models
Importance of the time scale : call, transaction request/response, micro-flot, packet Important for simulation purpose Some standard models : Poisson, ON/OFF, MMPP Recent model : Fractal processes (autosimilar) rather suitable for traffic aggregation modeling within large scale networks like the Internet or a wide area packet switching networks (very difficult mathematical tractability)

Sources models (cont.)

Point Processes over the plane : allow to model a non homogeneous traffic distribution over the space (satellites constellation, ad hoc network) Communication distribution duration (exponential) Packet length distribution (Pareto) Packet interarrival time distribution (exponential, lognormal) Sojourn time distribution within a cell (exponential) Radio channel holding time (exponential taking into account the above assumptions)

Traffic aggregation
The superposition of Poisson processes is Poisson The superposition ON/OFF processes is a finite state birth and death process where the number of states is equal to the number of superposed processes The superposition of MMPP processes is MMPP (numerical difficulties) Important for simulation purpose

Parameters identification
Poisson : intensity parameter ON/OFF : ON and OFF periods parameters MMPP : number of phases, sejourn time within a phase

3GPP Traffic sources models

ON (expo) OFF (expo)

Voice Model .
20 ms 20 ms

Web Model ..
Packet-call

.
Reading-time

..

Packet-size ~ Pareto with cut-off

Scenario studied within the AAL2 network

voice real time VC voice

common VC

data non real time VC data

scenario (a)

scenario (b)

Timer CU Study
95 percentile delay (ms)
3,6 3,2 2,8 2,4 2 1,6 1,2 0,8 0,4 0 10 30 50 70

StdDev of delay (ms)

Timer-CU = 0 Timer-CU = 100us Timer-CU = 200us Timer-CU = 1ms Timer-CU = 3ms Timer-CU = inf

0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 10 30 50 70

Tim er-CU = 0 Tim er-C U = 100us Tim er-C U = 200us Tim er-CU = 1m s Tim er-CU = 3m s Tim er-CU = inf

number of voice streams

90

110

130

90

110

130

numb er of voice streams

105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 10 30 50 70 90 110 number of voice streams 130

filling ratio (%)

Timer-CU = 0 Timer-CU = 100us Timer-CU = 200us Timer-CU = 1ms Timer-CU = 3ms Timer-CU = inf

Timer CU Study (cont.)

40 35 95 percentile voice delay (ms) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 5 10 Timer-CU [T]
100 90 filling ratio (%) 80 70 60 50 1 2 5 10 Timer-CU [T] 100
voice 20% UDD64 80% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps

voice 20% UDD64 80% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps 95 percentile data delay (ms)

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 100 1 2 5 10 Timer-CU [T] 100 voice 20% UDD64 80% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps

Timer CU Study
16 14 95 percentile voice delay (ms) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1 2 5 10 Timer-CU [T] 100 PCR PCR PCR PCR = 500Kb ps = 1Mb ps = 2Mb ps = 6Mb ps

95 percentile data delay (ms)

voice 80% UDD64 20%

24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1

voice 80% UDD64 20% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps

5 10 Timer-CU [T]

100

100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 1

voice 80% UDD64 20% PCR = 500Kbps PCR = 1Mbps PCR = 2Mbps PCR = 6Mbps

filling ratio (%)

5 10 Timer-CU [T]

100

Timer CU Study (conclusions)

The filling ratio depends on the Timer-CU value which depends on the T period of the PCR. Even under heavy load conditions, the Timer-CU does have a (small) influence on the filling ratio, however, under these conditions the Timer-CU does not have any impact on the delay. Under light load condition, the delay depends on the Timer-CU value but does not depend of the PCR. The value of the Timer-CU chosen within the context of a monoservice VC is still appropriate for the multiservice VC under the same load conditions. A value of the Timer-CU between 1ms and 2ms may be considered as quasi- optimal .

Study of the statistical multiplexing

60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 number of voice streams Timer-CU = 1ms PCR=500Kbps PCR=1Mbps PCR=2Mbps 99,9 percentile delay (ms)

100 95 90 85 VC load (%) 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 number of v oic e s treams Timer-CU = 1ms PCR=500Kbps PCR=1Mbps PCR=2Mbps

118 122 126 130 134 138 142 146 150 154 158

Study of the scheduling mechanisms (1)

1,2 Probability distribution for voice Voice + UDD64Kbps 1 20% voice, 80% data VC load = 65% 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,01 0,13 0,25 0,37 0,49 0,61 0,73 0,85 0,97 1,09 1,21 1,33 1,45 1,57 1,69 1,81
9,1

EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

delay(ms)
1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,1 0,7 1,3 1,9 2,5 3,1 3,7 4,3 4,9 5,5 6,1 6,7 7,3 7,9 8,5 9,7 Probability distribution for data Voice + UDD64Kbps 20% voice, 80% data VC load = 65% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

1,93

Study of the scheduling mechanisms (2)

1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,01 0,59 0,88 1,17 1,46 1,75 2,04 2,33 2,62 2,91 3,49 3,78 4,07 4,36 4,65 4,94 0,3 3,2 Probability distribution for voice Voice + UDD64Kbps 50% voice, 50% data VC load = 60% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

delay(ms)

1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,1 0,7 1,3 1,9 2,5 3,1 3,7 4,3 4,9 5,5 6,1 6,7 7,3 7,9 8,5 9,1 delay(ms) 9,7 Probability distribution for data Voice + UDD64Kbps 50% voice, 50% data VC load = 60% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

Study of the scheduling mechanisms (3)

1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,1 0,7 1,3 1,9 2,5 3,1 3,7 4,3 4,9 5,5 6,1 6,7 7,3 7,9 8,5 9,1 delay(ms) 9,7 Probability distribution for data Voice + UDD64Kbps 80% voice, 20% data VC load = 60% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

1,2 1 0,8 probability 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0,01 0,13 0,25 0,37 0,49 0,61 0,73 0,85 0,97 1,09 1,21 1,33 1,45 1,57 1,69 1,81 1,93 Probability distribution for voice Voice + UDD64Kbps 80% voice, 20% data VC load = 60% EDF(2ms voice,20ms data) EDF(2ms voice,50ms data) EDF(5ms voice,100ms data) FIFO PRIORITY WRR(4/5 voice,1/5 data) WRR(1/2 voice,1/2 data) WRR(1/5 voice,4/5 data)

delay(ms)

Study of the scheduling mechanisms

The probability distribution is defined as Prob{delay > t} Priority scheduling policy is the best one for voice but the worst one for data FIFO gives the opposite results (the best for data and the worst for voice) EDF and WRR appear to be a compromise

QOS View
IP layer :
DiffServ : EF, AF, BE Scheduling : Priority, WFQ Traffic conditioning & queue management SLA

DiffServ mechanisms
Four mechanisms are implemented within the ingress nodes : Traffic classification :
Flow selection based on the DSCP (Behaviour Aggregate, BA) Selection based on one or header fields : source or destination address, DS fields, protocol identifier, source or destination port number, etc. (Multi-Field, MF)

Traffic conditioning :
4 components : meter, marker, shaper, dropper

Traffic scheduling Traffic forwarding

DiffServ Classification and conditioning (generic view)

out in out

Dropper

Classifier

Marker
out

Meter

Shaper

Per Hop Behaviour PHB

Expedited forwarding (EF)
Also called premium service Code point 101110 Minimum rate guaranteed Requires a low transit delay and a low delay jitter Should be used with interactive real time flows The traffic shaper will drop packets which are not in conformance with the SLA Requires resources allocation

Assured Forwarding (AF)

4 classes with 3 priority levels (packets loss) Low loss probability May use shaper, in this case packets which are not in conformance of the SLA are marked (dropped in case of congestion)

Best Effort (BE)

QOS elements in DiffServ

Committed Access Rate CAR Generic traffic Shaping GTS Weighted Fair Queuing WFQ scheduling mechanism Weighted Random Early detection (WRED) queue management

AF1 AF AF2 Ordonnancement WFQ

EF Ordonnancement Priorit de EF sur AF

QOS elements within MPLS

Peak Data Rate (PDR), Peak Burst Size (PBS), Committed Data Rate (CDR), Committed Burst Size (CBS), Excess Burst Size (EBS).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |0|0| Type = 0x0810 | Length = 24 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Flags | Frequency | Reserved | Weight | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peak Data Rate (PDR) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Peak Burst Size (PBS) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Data Rate (CDR) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Committed Burst Size (CBS) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Excess Burst Size (EBS) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

DiffServ + MPLS Mechanisms

1) Identifie le BA du paquet entrant par le biais du DSCP. 2) Dterminer le LSP/label reprsentant le FEC et le BA correspondants. 3) Marquer le champ Exp pour reflter le BA du paquet.

Mobile IP in 2.5G/3G

UMTS Rel 5 Architecture

IM Subsystem Gm CSCF

Multim Netwo

PS domain Iu-PS TE
R

SGSN
Gn

GGSN

MT Uu

UTRAN Iu-CS MSC

GMSC

PSTN / Legacy/Ex Networ

MS/UE

CS domain

RLC MAC FP Last Mile

Interface Iub

RNC

Rseau de transport Edge Router

NODE B

IP PPPmux ML/MC L2TP UDP IP

L2

IP Qualit de service de bout en bout Multiplexage de bout en bout Tunnel IP

L2

PPPmux ML/MC L2TP UDP 1 QoS

IP MPLS phy Une seule Classe de service pour les flux transports entre le Node B et le RNC

IP
MPLS

IP
PPP

IP
PPP

L1

L1

phy

HDLC/ phy

HDLC/ phy

RLC MAC FP Last Mile Link

Interface Iub

RNC

NODE B

Rseau de transport Edge Router

UDP IP L2 phy IP L2 phy IP MPLS

/ATM - Les flux transports dans

UDP IP le rseau de transport ne MPLS/ ATM sont pas multiplexes. - Plusieurs Classes de phy service peuvent tre supportes QoS1
QoS2

IP

IP PPP mux ML-MC PPP/AAL2 /ATM Phy

phy

phy

HDLC/ phy - Le multiplexage est ralis sur le Last Mile Link - La diffrenciation des services peut tre ralise sur le Last Mile Link

Qualit de service point point

UMTS core network in Rel 5

UMTS Rel 5 defines a new Core Network architecture divided into three domains : PS domain : is the evolution of GPRS packet domain, it offers bearers for IP based applications. CS domain : is the evolution of GSM NSS, it offers bearers for circuit services.
From Rel 4, 3 GPP group has introduced to the CS domain the NGN (Next Generation Network) concept which allows to separate control part from the transport part

IP Multimedia Subsystem : this domain is the innovative part of UMTS Rel5. It is expected to support IP multimedia applications between two end users.

IN / GSM Convergence
The initial GSM architecture does not follow the IN model. The enhancement of this architecture toward the IN model is done with CAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile network Enhanced Logic). This defines A protocol : CAMEL Application Part CAP between the MSC and the SCP A new function gsmSSF within the MSC Originating CAMEL Subscriber Information which identifies the subscriber and the address of the SCP the MSC has to contact CAP Message Set (reduced) CAP-BCSM defined

Trends
Trend 1 ( All IP UMTS network)
Packet-switched circuit switched Multimedia support in core network

Trend 2 (Open Service Architecture,OSA)

Provide third party service provider access to their UMTS service architecture The concept of service portability was called VHE in 3GPP standardization VHE philosophy:
Make it possible for third party service providers to develop UMTS applications

VHE(service capabilities)
Three fundamental architecture improvements from GSM
Wideband access: high bit rate Mobile-fixed-Internet convergence
Cross domain service e.g. Tracking a users location Automatically adapting the content of his incoming messages to SMS, voice message, fax or e-mail. VHE is the enabler of this service portability across networks and terminals in the different domains.

Flexible service architecture

VHE(service capabilities)
VHE
A system concept for personalized service portability across network boundaries and between terminals. virtual at home Allows a user to personalize the set of services across different types of networks- mobile, PSTN, Internet and terminals-mobile, laptop, fixed phone, PDA,PC e.g. from 9h00 to 17h00 I want to receive incoming messages from my office Layered architecture, see figure.1
Network layer Service layer Allow faster, easier and more flexible creation, deployment, and operation of new personalized applications/services

VHE(service capabilities)

VHE(service capabilities)
VHE (continued)
Open interface OSA
Object oriented Application Programming Interface (API)

SCSs (Service Capability Servers)

defined as all those servers in the network that provide functionality used to construct services. Group into software interface classes.

SCFs (Service Capability Features)

The classes of the OSA interface e.g. call control, location.positioning and notification.

Secure
Service layer access to the SCFs of all the SCSs in the network layer Additional authentication, authorization, accounting and management

VHE(Open Standardized Interface/SCSs)

The functionality represented by the SCFs is offered via an open standardized interface, OSA interface. GSM/UMTS protocol
MAP CAP WAP

VHE(Open Standardized Interface/SCSs)

UMTS call control servers
Only MSC for Circuit Switch Call Control, 24.08 CC is UMTS Call Control protocol

HLR( Home Location Register)

Location and subscriber information, MAP

MExE server (Mobile Execution Environment )

JVM, WAP browser, WAP and WTP (Wireless Telephony Application)

SIM Application Toolkit (SAT) server

SIM card contains certain subscriber and security related information. Some small application (phone book, calendar..) Pro-active command from SIM

CAMEL( customized Application for Mobile Network Enhanced Logic)

IN (prepaid service) Invoke via trigger

VHE(Open Standardized Interface/SCSs)

Why VoIP ?
New features introduced in R00
Provisioning of IP-based multimedia service Packet based network transport. Replace circuit switched transport IP transport within the UTRAN Network architecture is independent of the transport layer, based on IP or ATM

R00 support two types of real-time service

Circuit switched voice service IP-based multimedia service

R00s MSC is split into

A control part : MSC server A transport part : Media Gateway Controller MGC

VoIP(All-IP UMTS solution)

About IMS
IMS :
Provides UMTS packet domain with session control plane
Protocol chosen to perform call control is SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) QOS is negotiated end-to-end at the application level via SIP protocol, then this QOS is translated to UMTS QOS to allocate CN bearer.

Enables UMTS customers to be reachable anytime anywhere thanks to the SIP identifier
Note that in R99 and Rel 4 mobiles can not receive packet based calls from end users.

Enables enhanced services in conjunction with service platform and architecture (OSA, CAMEL). New services via packet domain : VoIP, videoconference, games

Path followed by IMS Signaling and Multimedia Data

IMS

S GSN
UMTS Packet
UE

GGSN
Domain

E xternal Network

Signalling Flow Data Flow

Fixed/Wireless Convergence
IP Core Network

GSM GPRS/EDGE

Media Access System

UTRAN

WLAN/Bluetooth ADSL

Satellite Network

Services and Applications

End User

Network Design Issues

Access network and core network design Traffic modelling Traffic engineering Handover management Roaming management Hierarchical cellular organisation

Policy Based Network PBN Architecture

PEP : Policy Enforcement Point PDP : Policy Decision Point LDAP : Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

Policy Server

Policy Repository
LDAP

Management Function

Node

PDP
PEP

SNMP

Node A

Node B PDP

Node D

PEP

PEP

PEP

LPDP

LPDP

PEP Node C

AD 2

PDP

PDP

Policy Server

Policy Server

AD 1 AD 3