EPE 2007 Aalborg, Denmark, 2 5 September 2007 ________________________________________________________________________ TITLE

Grid Requirements, Monitoring, Synchronization and Control of Wind Turbines under Grid Faults
NAME AND AFFILIATION OF THE AUTHORS
Remus Teodorescu Aalborg University.Institute of Energy Technology. DENMARK Marco Liserre Polytechnic of Bari. Department of Electrotechnical and Electronic Engineering. ITALY Pedro Rodrguez Technical University of Catalonia. Electrical Engineering Department. SPAIN Lars Helle Vestas Wind Systems A/S A/S DENMARK

SCOPE AND BENEFITS The increased penetration of wind power in the grid has lead to important technical barriers that limit the development as stability is a key issue. The grid operators in different countries are issuing new grid requirements, called also grid codes that impose more restrictions for the wind turbines behaviour especially under grid faults. These new requirements are challenging the control of the wind turbines and new synchronization and control strategies are required to meet the target. This tutorial will start by showing the state of the art in wind turbine technology in terms of topology and construction. Then it will explain the most relevant grid codes in terms of requirements and then new technical solutions in terms of synchronization, monitoring and control under grid faults will be explained explained.

CONTENTS
1. Grid codes for wind turbines The state of the art of the wind turbine technology and trends is introduced. Grid codes are a set of requirements for connecting wind turbines to distribution or transmission level grids. They have been changed quite dynamically in the last year due to the explosive increase in the wind power penetration in the power systems of some countries like Germany, Spain, England, Denmark, Ireland and USA as stability of the system is more and more challenged. The grid codes vary across different countries because power systems characteristics are also different and this is challenging the wind turbine manufacturers. Also new ancillary services like reactive power compensation is being required...... In this lecture a review of the most relevant international grid codes is given together with assessment of the wind turbine technology able to comply with them. 2. Grid monitoring Grid monitoring is a very important feature of the wind turbines especially when it comes to comply with the new ride-through capabilities stipulated in the grid codes. Detection of grid faults by means of positive and negative components extraction, accurate and fast estimation of voltage amplitude is necessary. A new trend is to estimate the grid impedance on-line in order to improve the stability and robustness of the control and to detect the intentional islanding of parts of the power system. Very accurate frequency estimation is necessary in order to be able to perform

EPE guidelines for tutorials

EPE 2007 Aalborg, Denmark, 2 5 September 2007 ________________________________________________________________________

frequency control in the point of common coupling at transmission level for the case of large wind farms. In this lecture advanced techniques for positive and negative sequence extraction along with frequency locked loop algorithms and different active methods for grid impedance estimation will be given.

3. Grid synchronization Synchronization is a very important issue especially during ride-through on faulty grid as the angle of positive sequence has to be very accurately detected in order to synchronize the currents. The synchronization methods should be insensitive to grid disturbances like phase jumps, frequency changes, voltage unbalance, sags and harmonics. Different phase locked loops methods will be discussed and compared. 4. Control under grid fault In order to be able to stay connected under grid faults special control strategies has to be employed. These strategies should ensure that the currents and voltage protections are not tripped. Additionally special requirements like for example reactive power generation is required by some grid codes. Also compensation of P and Q oscillations during grid faults can be achieved using advanced control. In this lecture linear and non-linear control strategies for the grid converters are introduced analyzed and compared. Then different control strategies able to compensate for the P and Q oscillations under faults are described.

Sunday, September 2nd - Tutorial half day ( room XX: at conference venue) 08:00 - 09:30 Registration for Tutorials 09:30 - 10:15 Grid requirements for wind turbines 10:15 - 11:00 Grid monitoring 11:00 - 11:30 Coffee break 11.30 - 12:15 Grid synchronization 12.15 - 13:00 Control under grid fault 13:00 - 14:00 Lunch break WHO SHOULD ATTEND Electrical and control engineers and researchers dealing with power converters and interested in go deeply into essential issues related to the integration of wind energy in electricity networks. Technical Level: Intermediate/Advanced ABOUT THE INSTRUCTORS Remus Teodorescu received the Dipl.Ing. degree in electrical engineering from Polytechnical University of Bucharest, Romania in 1989, and PhD. degree in power electronics from University of Galati, Romania, in 1994. In 1998, he joined Aalborg University, Institute of Energy Technology, power electronics section where he currently works as an associate professor teaching power electronics courses for master students and supervising PhD students. He has more than 100 papers published, 1 book and 3 patents. He is the co-recipient of the Technical Committee Prize Paper Awards at IEEE IAS Annual Meeting 1998, and Third-ABB Prize Paper Award at IEEE Optim 2002. He

EPE guidelines for tutorials

EPE 2007 Aalborg, Denmark, 2 5 September 2007 ________________________________________________________________________ is a Senior Member of IEEE, Associate Editor for IEEE Power Electronics Letters and chair of IEEE Danish joint IES/PELS/IAS chapter. His areas of interests are: design and control of power converters used in renewable energy systems, distributed generation, computer simulations, digital control implementation. Remus Teodorescu is the founder and coordinator of the Green Power Laboratory at Aalborg University focusing on the development and testing of grid converters for renewable energy systems. Marco Liserre received the MSc and PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the Bari Polytechnic, respectively in 1998 and 2002. From January 2004 he is an assistant professor of the Bari Polytechnic teaching courses of basic and advanced power electronics as well as industrial electronics to undergraduate and Msc students. He has worked towards several project funded by the Italian Minister of Research and by private companies like Ansaldo Breda. His research interests are in power converters and drives namely in the control of converters, in the power quality and in the distributed generation. He has co-authored more than 70 technical papers, 13 of them in international peerreviewed journals. He was visiting Professor at Aalborg University (Denmark) and he has continuously carried out collaboration with the University of LAquila. He has lectured at the Aalborg University (Denmark), at Delft University (Netherlands), at Warsaw University of Technology (Poland) and in Raleigh (USA) during the international conference IECON 2005 within the Tutorial Grid Converters and their Control in Distributed Power Generation Systems. Marco Liserre is Editor of the Newsletter of the Industrial Electronic Society and Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. Pedro Rodriguez received the MSc and PhD degree in Electrical Engineering from the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain in 1994 and 2004, respectively. In 1990, he joined the Electrical Engineering Department, at the UPC, where he is currently an associate professor teaching power electronics and circuit analysis as well as supervising PhD students. Since 1998, he focused his interest on Power Electronics applied to Power Quality Conditioning and Distributed Energy Systems Integration. Currently, he is leading the Renewable Electrcial Energy Systems (REES) research group at the UPC. He stayed as a researcher in the Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA, and in the Institute of Energy Technology (IET) at Aalborg University, Denmark, respectively in 2005 and 2006. He has participated in 6 research project dealing with power electronics applied to renewable energies integration and power quality improvement. He has 3 patents about active filtering and authored more than 50 technical papers published in international journals and conferences. Pedro Rodriguez has organized special sessions about power electronics for renewable energies in different international conferences and currently is the general chairman of the IEEE IES Student Forum. Lars Helle
Name: Day of birth: Home address: Actual position: Working address: Lars Helle Dec. 28, 1972 Hjedsbkvej 475, 9541, Suldrup, Denmark, tel. +45 3053 0068 Research Engineer, Vestas Wind Systems R&D Vestas Wind Systems c/o. Aalborg University, Institute of Energy Technology Pontoppidanstraede 101, 9220 Aalborg East, DK

EPE guidelines for tutorials

EPE 2007 Aalborg, Denmark, 2 5 September 2007 ________________________________________________________________________

Working phone/fax: +45 9816 7319 E-mail: lah@vestas.com www: http://www.vestas.com Education: - June. 1998, M.Sc EE (Power electronics and Drives): - Mach 2007, Ph.D., Aalborg University: - Modeling and Comparison of Power Converters for Doubly Fed Induction Generators in Wind Turbines

Positions held:

- Aug. 2002 - present:: Research Engineer, Vestas Wind Systems R&D - Jan. 1999 - Mar. 2002:Ph.D Student at at Aalborg University, Institute of energy technology. - Jul. 1998 Jan. 1999: Research assistant at Aalborg University, Institute of energy technology.

EPE guidelines for tutorials