This lecture is very short and interesting and I think all of .

you will enjoy it insh'Allah It talks about the Muscles of mastication. Before starting the main topic Dr.Muhammah gave us a quick review over the TMJ since these muscles are responsible for the .movement of the mandible which moves at the TMJ

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ):

What type is the TMJ? It is modified hinge synovial joint, we call it modified hinge because of its sliding movement. How many ligaments support this joint? 1. The lateral Temporomandibular ligament: It is an intrinsic ligament. Intrinsic because it's a thickening of the lateral aspect of the fibrous capsule itself. It goes downward backward so it limits the excessive movement posteriorly or the (posterior dislocation).
2. There are 2 accessory ligaments which are: a) Stylomandibular ligament: It goes

from the styloid process to the angle of the mandible. It prevents the excessive anterior movement or in other words the protrusion. Sphenomandibular ligament (medially): from the spine of the sphenoid to the lingula of the mandible. This ligament is penetrated by a nerve which is Nerve to mylohyoid.
b)

Movement of the mandible:

1. Depression( to open your mouth): 3 muscles are responsible for that: Lateral pterygoid: moves the condyle forward. Suprahyoid groups. Infrahyoid groups. (All of these muscles act against resistance; however the main depressor is the action of gravity) 2. Elevation: Masseter Medial pterygoid Anterior half (vertical fibers) of the temporalis muscle. 3. Protrusion: the main one is the lateral pterygoid along with the anterior half of the masseter and medial pterygoid 4. Retrusion: posterior half of temporalis along with the deep part of masseter muscle. 5. The lateral movement from side to side: Lateral and medial pterygoid of the opposite side + the temporalis for the same side. So when you move the mandible to the right this means that: you contract the left medial and lateral pterygoid + the right temporalis muscle. And vice versa. Now we will move to the main topic. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Chief muscles of mastication: Masseter Temporalis lateral pterygoid medial pterygoid

The Masseter muscle:

The strongest muscle in your body its shape is quadrilateral and it is thick because it has 2 parts:

1)

Superficial part: Origin: from the anterior 2/3 of the lower border of zygomatic arch.

Insertion: it goes downward backward to be inserted in the lateral aspect of the angle of mandible + the lower half of the ramus (laterally). ** Note that at the medial surface of the mandible we have the medial pterygoid so the ramus of the mandible is sandwiched between the masseter and the medial pterygoid.

Function: Elevation + protrusion (as the fibers go backward).

2)

Deep part (very hard to be seen): Origin: is the posterior 1/3 of the lower border of zygomatic arch + the whole medial surface of zygomatic arch.

Insertion: It goes downward forward to be inserted in the other half of the ramus.

Function: Elevation+ Retrusion (as the fibers go forward). **These two muscles have different functions because they arise from different origins.

Innervation: the massetric nerve from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve, it passes over the lateral pterygoid through the mandibular notch of the ramus to get into the deep part of the masseter. (The doctor said that this relation is v. important)

Blood supply: massetric artery and it is a branch from the 2nd part of the maxillary artery.
3

The Temporalis muscle:

Origin from the bone floor of the temporal region and the temporal fascia the covers it. Insertion: in the coronoid process of the mandible + anterior border of the ramus

Action: a) anterior half ( where the fibers are vertical) Elevation b) Posterior half Retrusion.
Innervation: 2 Deep temporal nerves from

the anterior division of the mandibular nerve. the 2nd part of the maxillary artery (the lateral aspect). (The masseter and temporalis muscles are located at the lateral surface of the mandibular joint.) Now we will move to the medial muscles which are the medial and lateral pterygoids.
Blood supply: 2 Deep temporal arteries from

Lateral Pterygoid:
Origin: It has 2 heads superior and inferior: *Superior from the greater wing of sphenoid.

*Inferior lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate Insertion: Both of them merge together to be inserted in the neck of the mandible + the articular disc.

Action: if both of them contract they move the condyle forward to open your mouth (depression) and protrude the mandible. If unilateral contraction along with the medial pterygoid they move the mandible to the opposite side (side to side movements).

Innervation: Nerve to lateral pterygoid from the anterior division of the mandibular nerve.

nd

Blood supply: pterygoid artery from the part of the maxillary artery.

Medial Pterygoid:
Origin: It has 2 heads: Superficial: from maxillary tuberosity

Deep head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate. Insertion: at the medial surface of the angle of mandible.

**Between them you can find the lower head of lateral pterygoid. Action: If both of them contract they asset in the Elevation and protrusion of the mandible. If unilateral contraction along with the lateral pterygoid muscle of the same side they help in the side to side movement (rotate the mandible to the opposite side).

Innervation: nerve to medial pterygoid it's a branch from the main trunk of the mandibular nerve.

nd

Blood supply: pterygoid artery from the part of maxillary artery.

5

 These are some information Dr.Muhammad mentioned them throughout this lecture and I didn't like to put them through the lecture so you don't get confused: What is the nerve that passes between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid? ** The buccal nerve of the mandibular nerve and it is sensory. (The other buccal nerve which is the buccal of fascia it innervates the buccinator). What are the branches of the 2nd part of maxillary artery? 1. The temporal. 2. The masseter. 3. The pterygoid. 4.The buccal. (it gives blood supply to the cheek, mucosa of the oral cavity, the gingiva of the upper and lower teeth). What is the muscle that is attached to the medial pterygoid plate? **The superior constrictor muscle.

THE END :D
Big, huge, massive thanks and regards and ta7iyyat and kul ishi 7elwo bil denya to my dear friends: Rahaf Ahmad & Fatima Qudimat Done by: Tuqa Radi Al-Waqfi