Assignment El 3004

Monday, January 30, 2012

1. Calculate the wavelength of radiation emitted when an electron in the hydrogen atom jumps from an exited n = 2 state to n = 1 state. 2. The total energy of a 1s electron in tungsten is 70.000 eV. If a 1s electron is ejected by a beam of incident of high-velocity electron, it will be replaced by another electron from an outer shell, usually a 2p electron. The wavelength of the radiation emitted by the atom due to the 2p1s transition is about 0.21 angstrom (actually, the atom emits radiation of two different but nearly equal wavelength). Estimate the total energy of the 2p level in tungsten. 3. Resume the introduction to biomaterials. 1. Definition 2. Material for Use in the Body 3. Uses of Biomaterials 4. Biomaterials in Organs 5. Biomaterials in Body Systems

Assignment El 3004
Monday, February 06, 2012
1. Explain why carbon atoms in diamond bond covalently, while lead atoms bonds metallically, even though carbon and lead have four valence electrons each. What effect would you expect this difference in bonding to have on strength, ductility, and conductivity. 2. For a single ionic molecule, the total energy of the two ion can be expressed as
Vr = a b + + E r rn

(6.3)

The negative term is the coulomb energy of attraction which, at the equilibrium spacing r0, has the value
a Z 2e 2 = r0 r0

where Z is the valency of the ions. For univalent ions, show that the expression for the total potential energy V0 is
V0 =
Vtolak = b rm

e2 r0

1 1 n

Vtotal

Vr =
0

a b + + E r rm
Jarak antar atom, r

Vmin
r0

Vtarik + E =

a + E r

Gb.6.2. Perubahan energi dalam pembentukan ikatan ion.

Assignment El 3004
Monday, February 13, 2012
1. A wire 2 cm in diameter must carry 100 amp. However, the maximum allowable power dissipation is 10 watts per meter of wire. What material which are suitable for this wire? 2. To carry 10 amp with a maximum voltage drop of 0.5 volts per meter, what must the diameter of (a) silver (b) copper (c) yellow brass (d) type 301 stainless steel wires be? 3. Suppose you needed a thermal insulator of high electrical conductivity. What material would you specify? Could you do the job? 4. A copper wire of cross-section area 5 10 6 square meter carries a steady current of 50 amp. Assuming one free electron per atom, calculate (a) the density of free electrons (b) the average drift velocity (c) the relaxation time . (Density of Cu = 8.9 10 3 kg/m3; atomic weight of Cu = 64). 5. In a conductor with a single s electron per atom in the conduction band, m* is approximately equal to the classical mass m. Why? Under what circumstances of occupation of the valence band would m* be negative? In what type of material would you expect such effect?

6. The residual resistivity ( = 1 / e ) of a piece of highly purified Cu is increased from 109 mho/m to 107 mho/m by addition of one part per million of impurity, of a given kind. Assuming = T + r at room temperature, how has the resistivity ratio changed? How will it change if 20 part per million are added? 7. Refer to the problem number 6. If the purified Cu is plastically deformed 50%, the residual resistivity increases to 106 mho/m . If 20 parts per million are ferst added, and then 50 percent deformation done, calculate the resistivity ratio. Notes: Relaxation Time (). About one half the average time between collisions of the conduction electron with phonon, lattice defects, etc. Effective mass (m*). The effective mass of a conduction electron is determined by its response to an applied field, m* = eE / a . Due to quantum mechanical effect, m* may be large, small, positive, or negative. Resistivity Ratio. Usually, 298o K / 4.2o K , although the lower temperature may vary.

Assignment El 3004
Monday, February 20, 2012
Metals: 1. Some metals show a reduction of electrical resistivity with pressure and some show an increase (Li and Bi); how can this be explained according to band theory? 2. Quenching aluminum wires from 504oC into cold water results in an increase of 0.18 per cent in resistivity if measured immediately. If allowed to stand, the resistivity increase disappears in 25 minute. Explain.

3. If the aluminum used in the above problem contains 0.13 per cent Mg, the resistivity does not change after quenching and holding at room temperature but does after heating at 120oC. Explain. 4. Thin metal films evaporated onto a cold substrate in vacuum have a resistivity about twice that of bulk density metal. This resistivity is lowered if the films are allowed to age. Explain.

Dielectric: 5. (a) In dielectric subject to an electric field of 10 cps, what mechanism is responsible for the value of the relative permittivity? (b) How is it relates to the index of refraction? If the value of r for a glass is 6.75 at frequency 109 cps, what percentage may be attributed to ionic polarizability? 6. (a) Why should ion-jump polarization occur more easily at higher temperature and results in lower loss angle? (b) Why should the dielectric strength of titania ceramic all tested in oil become lower, the higher the porosity? 7. (a) When alkali ions are added to fused quartz, the glass thus formed has a higher conductivity and the loss factor increases. Explain in term of the changes which occur in the glass network structure. (Remember the bonding of silicate tetrahedral!). (b) The Na+ ion has greater mobility than K+ or Rb+ ions; would the loss factor of a silicate glass be affected if Rb+ ions are substituted for some of Na+ ions? (c) Why should the substitution of large divalent Ba2+ and Pb2+ ions for Na+ ions in a glass favor both a lower melting point and lower loss factor? 8. Explain the piezoelectric phenomena! (Search for other reference if you dont have one in your lecture note EL3004).

Assignment El 3004 Monday, February 27, 2012

Pelajari:
BAB 12: Pengertian Dasar Thermodinamika BAB 14: Gejala Permukaan Topic 17: Biomaterials

Kemudian buatlah makalah dengan topic:

SURFACE MODIFICATIO TO MI IMIZE CLOTTI G (dibuat dalam bahasa Indonesia)