FORMAL REPORT QUESTIONS Experiment 1 (Vernier and Micrometer Calipers) 1. Differentiate the Vernier and micrometer scales. 2.

Draw the figure for the micrometer readings below: a. 3.68 mm b. 1.59 mm 3. State some of the errors that one might make in measuring length using both the Vernier and micrometer calipers. 4. Determine the percentage error for an observed value of 1.112 x 10-5 if the standard value is 1.117 x 10-5.

Experiment 2 (Specific Gravity of Solids and Liquids) 1. Differentiate specific gravity and density. 2. If 54.96 mL of oil weighs 52.78 g, what is its specific gravity? 3. A pycnometer weighs 50.00 g. When filled with water, it weighs 100.00 g. When filled with oil, it weighs 94.00 g. Determine the specific gravity of the oil. 4. An insoluble powder weighs 12.00 g. A pycnometer, weighing 21.00 g when empty, weighs 121.00 g when filled with water. When the powder is introduced into the emptied pycnometer, and the pycnometer is filled with water, the three together weigh 130.00 g. What is the specific gravity of the powder?

Experiment 3 (The simple pendulum) 1. Using your groups data obtained from the experiment (refer to the last table of the experiment), graph the length of a pendulum and the square of its period (In your graph, the length (in cm) of the pendulum must be x and the square of the period (in sec2) as y). Determine the relationship that exists between the length of a pendulum and the square of its period. 2. What are the factors affecting the period of a simple pendulum? 3. What must you do to the length of a simple pendulum so that its period is doubled? 4. Determine the acceleration due to gravity in a location where a simple pendulum 1.50 m long makes 100 vibrations in 246 seconds. (Note that the length and time were measured, the number of vibrations must be held constant).

Experiment 4 (Resultant and Equilibrant Forces) 1. Differentiate the resultant and equilibrant of two forces. 2. If three concurrent forces are in equilibrium, what is the relation between any one of the three forces and the resultant of the other two forces? 3. If two forces with the same magnitude were exactly in opposite directions, what is the magnitude and direction of their resultant? What is the magnitude and direction of their equilibrium? 4. Use the component method to find the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the concurrent forces given below: A = 2000 N at 0 B = 1500 N at 60 C = 1000 N at 150 D = 3800 N at 225 5. A body weighing 100 N is suspended by a rope. A second rope attached to the body is drawn aside horizontally until the suspended rope makes an angle of 30 with the vertical. Find the tension in each rope.

Experiment 5 (Center of Gravity and Equilibrium) 1. Define the following: a. the moment of force b. the center of gravity 2. Differentiate transitional and rotational equilibrium. 3. A uniform rod 1 m long weighs 150 N and is supported on some fulcrum. Weights of 40 N and 50 N are suspended from the two ends of the rod. Find the position of the fulcrum if the system is in equilibrium. 4. A uniform rod 10 m long and weighing 150 N is supported horizontally by props P and R at a distance of 2 m and 8 m from one end. Weights of 250 N, 100 N and 120 N are attached at distances of 1 m, 7 m and 10 m respectively from the same end. Find the force on each prop.

Experiment 6 (Resonance: The Speed of Sound) 1. Through what fraction of a vibration has the prong of a tuning fork moved while the sound traveled down to the water surface inside the pipe and reflected back up to the fork again? 2. What is the approximate wavelength of the fundamental frequency of a closed tube 35.0 cm long if the tube has a diameter of 4.000 cm? 3. A tuning fork of frequency 384 Hz exhibits resonance with a closed tube 20.0 cm long and 4.000 cm in diameter. What is the speed of the sound wave?

Experiment 7 (Specific Heat of Metals) 1. Define the following: a. Heat b. Heat capacity 2. Why is it desirable to have the water a few degrees colder than room temperature when the initial temperature is taken? 3. Why is the mass of the outer shell of the calorimeter and the insulating ring not included in the data for this experiment? 4. What does this experiment show about the specific heat of water? 5. How does the heat conductivity of the metal used in this experiment affect the accuracy of the results? 6. Why should the hot metal be dry before it is introduced into the cold water? 7. 837 calories of heat are required to heat 100.00 grams of copper from 10C to 100C. What is the specific heat of copper?

Experiment 8 (Latent Heat of Fusion) 1. 2. 3. 4. Since fusion and melting do not result into a temperature change, where does the energy go? What source of error is present in this experiment that was not present in the previous heat experiment? How much heat is absorbed by an electric refrigerator in changing 2 kg of water at 15C to ice at 0C? Determine the resulting temperature when 150.00 g of ice at 0C is mixed with 300 g of water at 50C?

Experiment 9 (Ohms Law) 1. For part (A) of the experiment, plot the voltage as a function of the current. What is the significance of the slope of this graph? What relationship exists between V and I? 2. From your data in part (B), plot the current as a function of the reciprocal of the resistance. What does the slope of this graph represent? What relationship exists between I and I/R? 3. What current passes through a circuit having an 11-ohm resistance connected across 110-V line? 220-V line?

Experiment 10 (Resistors in Series and Parallel) 1. How does the total resistance compare with the individual resistances in a series circuit? 2. How does the total resistance compare with the individual resistances in a parallel circuit? 3. Given the three resistors: 50 , 100 and 200 . What is their total resistance when they are connected (a) in series and (b) in parallel?