Heritage Unit 4 Review Session Notes Post Reformation Christianity- Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed Christianity after the

Council of Trent -The Protestant Reformation- the Catholic response- 30 year war Protestant Reformation -Now that once church is gone and it will never go back -W/in Protestant groups there is divisions 30 Year Wars 1555 Peace of Augsburg Purpose: to end religious wars in Germany Solution: -Rulers, whether Catholic or Protestant, may determine the religion of the territory -Subjects may migrate to a territory where the official religion is the same as their own 3 Problems with Peace Of Augsburg 1. Only protected Protestants who signed Augsburg Confession - Calvinists left out= Heretics 2. Only rulers can choose religion -Only a temporary solution -Sloppy peace making effort that makes Thirty Years War inevitable Other countries get involved on the Protestant side, in defense of Bohemia -England, The Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden 30 Year Wars High Point- Example of Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden -Fights to protect Protestantism in northern Germany, so that Lutheran Sweden -Made people more self-determining in what they believe Long Term effects to 30 -Growing indifference to religion -Rulers should make decisions not based on religious issues -Decisions based on whats good for people and such -beginning of the modern secular state

Goal of Gustavus Adolphus -Dies in battle Ferdinand II dies and Ferdinand III is less intolerant Peace of Westphalia

-All will be free to follow their own religion -People know that it is not a true peace, just an agreement to stop fighting Catholic Orthodoxy -Not everyone in Catholic Church is happy with Council of Trent -Trents program of reformation based on centralizing power in the papacy -Some believe that in rejecting all things Protestant was going to far Gallicanism -Popes power increased by Trent -Gallicanism is very strong in France Febronianism- Church authority resides in local bishops, not pope Josephism- Wanted local reform and local input Jansenism- basically a resurrection of Augustine; writes Augustine -Blaise Pascal is a convert to Jansenism Quietism- not on test; Everyone should turn into mystics and not do anything Council of Trent set course of Catholic Orthodoxy Lutheran Orthodoxy -Reform began as a personal theological discovery Philipist and strict Lutherans not on test Melanchthon0 distinguishes between matters that are essential and those that are not -Adiaphora: that which is peripheral, not significant Calixtus and Syncretism- on test 1 question Dont need to know tulip or Westminster confession

Three options to consider -Rationalist Option (Head)- idea that reason is the primary and perhaps the only route to knowledge; Confidence that Human reason can be used well to understand the world of nature -Know all the people here and what they considered -Spiritual Option (Body) De Carte wants to be able to being with a clean slate and step by step prove what can be known; takes position of radical or universal doubt; -First undeniable truth is his own existence -I think therefore I am C.

Empiricism- learning through experience including our senses for the outer experience and inner experience by something (John Locke)- Human mind is a blank slate and we acquire information by experience on three levels (ourselves, outer realities that are before us, and God whose existence is proved by the existence of self and outer realities) -Highly probable that god exist but no certain proof Kant- Criticizes Rationalism; wants to ask how do we know what we know? -All our minds have fundamental structures of the mind Kants structures: Time, Space, Existence, Substance, Causality and more - All our perceptions are different and we all know things differently - There is no purely objective knowledge Impact on religion: if existence is a category in our minds, then we cannot know with complete certainty that God exists or the soul exists and how can we understand eternity if we are partly based on time We all have a sense of obligation to others that God has instilled within us I dont know for sure if a God is there to judge me but I will live my life like I might have to Deism- wants to rely on reason and what we can understand on our own about God -Lord Herbert of Cherbury 5 basic doctrines 1. Existence of God 2. Obligation to worship God 3. Ethical requirements 4. Repentance 5. Reward/punishment now and in life to come Goals of deism: Oppose narrow dogmatism of most branches of Christianity Provide reasonable form of religion for those incline to be . Jeffersons Bible- Cut up his bible to moral teachings of Jesus Rationalist option- allows one to establish knowledge of self, world and god without relying on Spiritualist Option Only need to know about Fox and the Quakers Fox (George Fox)- concludes that all churches in England is wrong Believes in the inner light and that all people have the capability to recognize and accept Gods presence and the light will help you interpret Scripture -The sit in silence until light comes to them and spirits act them to speak -No sacraments -Aware of danger of individualism -Emphasizes community and love

Most famous Quaker is William Penn All Spiritualist want to move away from organized religion and emphasis on inner life

Pietist Option Arndt- writes True Christianity and influences Philip Jakob Spener Spener is father of Pietism and started groups for Bible study and devotion Writes Pia Desideria which outlined program development Wants people to read scripture and grow and live in holiness and a holy life Francke- Speners greatest follower and made most use of it Pietist accused of being to emotional and subjective Leave mark on Lutheranism and on German Reformed Churches -Gives ideas of missions to Protestantism Zinzendorf- studies under Francke -Meets some Anabaptist and gets on fire for missions after meeting Eskimo converts -In 20 years, Zinzendor and the Moravians send out more missionaries in 20 years than the whole Protestantisms Meets Wesley Wesley- Aldersgate Experience -Convinced of his own salvation -Preaches in churches but also out in the open -Wesley sees his job as assisting the Church on England -He will do field preaching because the world was his parish Capable organizer and forms groups as well Wants to stay in Church of England -Encouraged people to go to C of E for sacraments Wesley adopts the use of lay preachers who dont give communion and recruits from all classes and all genders Methodists forced to register with the government as a separate group Methodists approach is successful in North America Westward movement of settlers Methodist system was circuit riders Methodism and Baptist are two biggest religions in North America Pietists Option Transformed lives and etc Be able to summarize key findings in Vatican I and II Do not need to know ch 12s transcendisn prospects

Need to know Penteconstalism and such, Stop learning after page 372- nothing of this under exam