ISSN: 2277 9043 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2, April

l 2012

Design and Development Model of Solar Grid Tied Photovoltaic Power Inverter for Nagpur
Mr. Chandrasen S Janjal, Dr. K. B. Khanchandani
Abstract Looking at the present scenario which conveys to the fact of severe crises in conventional energy sources thus keeping in mind the golden rule of ENERGY SAVED IS ENERGY GENERATED, The main goal in Design and development of solar grid tied photovoltaic (PV) power inverter tries to solve the above said problem. Our aim is to use renewable electrical energy sources like solar energy which help us to save energy of electricity board but will also help to save the countries conventional resources which are required for the generation of electrical energy coals, etc. This model is based on energy conditions instead of power conditions. There are shown the two main trends that are typically used in the design process and the calculation of the two main components of the system (generator and inverter). An example of the design for a system located in Nagpur-India is studied

Index Terms Energy conditions, design- dimensioning, grid connected PV system.

I. INTRODUCTION In a solar grid tied photovoltaic power inverter station schematized as is shown in figure 1 can be distinguish differenced functional blocks. The solar inverter is a critical component in a solar energy system. It performs the conversion of the variable DC output of the Photovoltaic (PV) module(s) into a clean sinusoidal 50- Hz AC current that is then applied directly to the commercial electrical grid or to a local, off-grid electrical network. Typically, communications capability is included so users can monitor the inverter and report on power and operating conditions, provide firmware updates and control the inverter grid connection. Depending on the grid infrastructure wired or wireless networking options can be used. At the heart of the inverter is a real-time microcontroller. The controller executes the very precise algorithms required to invert the DC voltage generated by the solar module into AC. This controller is programmed to perform the control loops necessary for all the power management functions necessary including DC/DC and DC/AC. The controller also maximizes the power output from the PV through complex algorithms called maximum power point tracking (MPPT).
Manuscript received April 25, 2012. Chandrasen S Janjal, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, S. S. G. M. College of Engineering., Shegaon, India, 9970093081. Dr. K. B. Khanchandani, Professor & Head Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, S. S. G. M. College of Engineering., Shegaon, India, 7385300296. .

The PV maximum output power is dependent on the operating conditions and varies from moment to moment due to temperature, shading, cloud cover, and time of day so tracking and adjusting for this maximum power point is a continuous process. For systems with battery energy storage, the controller can control the charging as well as switch over to battery power once the sun sets or cloud cover reduces the PV output power. The controller contains advanced peripherals like high precision PWM outputs and ADCs for implementing control loops. The ADC measures variables, such as the PV output voltage and current, and then adjusts the DC/DC or DC/AC converter by changing the PWM duty cycle. The ARM micro controllers/processors in particular is designed to read the ADC and adjust the PWM within a single clock cycle, so real time control is possible. Communications on a simple system can be handled by a single processor, more elaborate systems with complex displays and reporting on consumption and feed-in-tariff pay back may require a secondary processor. For safety reasons, isolation between the processor and the current and voltage is also required, as well as on the communications bus to the outside world. By using this inverter the consumer can generate revenue which in turn recovery of the capital cost of the system.

Figure1. Block diagram of solar grid tied photovoltaic power inverter

II. SOLAR ENERGY Solar power is a way of converting sunlight into useful energy sources. There are two way of using solar energy as 146

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ISSN: 2277 9043 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2012

heat and as electricity. Solar energy is available in abundance in most parts of the world. The amount of solar energy incident on the earths surface is approximately1.5 x 1018 kWh/year, which is about 10,000 times the current annual energy consumption of the entire world. The density of power radiated from the sun (referred to as solar energy constant) is 1.373 kW/m2. Into figure 2 the represents the energy due to a solar radiation at a typical day. The energy due to an irradiance of 1000W=m2.

detect the fault condition. Driver stages: driving stage consist of necessary circuit for driving the MOSFET. I/V sensing: current n voltage sensing is used for MPPT charger n for providing protection. this stage consist of potential divider arrangement for attenuating the signal and Operational amplifier stage to increase the gain of weak signals Signal conditioning and isolation: the output I/V consist of noise which is required to be filtered out, so signal conditioning stage is implemented. Since the Microcontroller is operated on low voltage (3.3 volts) proper isolation is required to protect the Microcontroller from higher voltage levels. IV. SURFACE METEOROLOGY & SOLAR ENERGY Nagpur in Maharashtra will be developed as Indias first solar city. Nagpur will become a solar city by 2012. Up to 10 percent of energy consumption of this city has been targeted to be met through renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. Solar energy systems, including street lights, garden lights, traffic lights, hoardings and solar water heaters will be installed in the city. The figure 4 shows that the Monthly Averaged Insulation Incident on a Horizontal Surface (kWh/m2/day) particular to that location is 5.05 KWh/m2/day.

Figure2. Irradiance III. DIMENSIONING FOR PV INVERTER COMPONENTS Into figure 3 the represents complete overview of grid tied photovoltaic power inverter

Figure3. Overview of grid tied photovoltaic power inverter M.P.P.T charger: Maximum power point tracking method is used to increase the efficiency of solar panel during delivering the power to load / battery. In this method the product of voltage and current is continuously observed. DC AC Inverter (Boost): In this stage the voltage is stepped up, by converting DC input to AC output. Single phase bridge inverter (also known as H-Bridge). the output frequency is kept equal to frequency of the supply grid Filter: Filter circuit is required to remove the traces of carrier waveform n to deliver pure sinusoidal waveform to the grid. Protection: Protection like over load, short circuit is implemented to protect the system from fault conditions. For this Shunt resistances are used to

Figure4. Monthly Averaged Insulation in Nagpur

V. CONCLUSION This paper proposed a PV generation system, using a Single-phase solar grid tied photovoltaic power inverter work will give a clear idea about the factors influencing the Interconnected solar inverter system to increase the efficiency of the system and decrease the capital cost requirement of the system. If we talk about its scope for the future, the solar energy is never ending source of energy. By applying the scheme of grid tied solar inverter the localities, villages can be generating the power & satisfying there power requirements. By implementing this scheme, it will reduce the burden over existing fossil fuel energy generation which in reduce the emission of green house gases. 147

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ISSN: 2277 9043 International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Electronics Engineering Volume 1, Issue 2, April 2012

ACKNOWLEDGMENT Chandrasen S Janjal is thankful to Dr. K. B. Khanchandani Professor & Head of Dept. Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering S.S.G.M.C.E, Shegaon. For his help and support for completion of this project REFERENCES
[1] Johann Hernandez, Nelson L. Diaz, Design-Dimensioning Model For Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems2009 IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference 978-1-4244-4509-7 Residential solar systems: Technology, net-metering, and financial payback Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/EPEC.2009.5420778 Sedghisigarchi, K. Electr. & Comput. Eng. Dept., West Virginia Univ. Inst. of Technol., Montgomery, WV, USA A new solar energy conversion scheme implemented using grid-tied single phase inverter Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/TENCON.2000.892322 Mekhilef, S. Rahim, N.A. Omar, A.M. Dept. of Electr. Eng., Malaya Univ., Kuala Lumpur Digital repetitive control of a three-phase flat-top-modulated grid tie solar inverter INSPEC Accession Number: 10939542 Engel, S. Rigbers, K. De Doncker, R.W. Inst. for Power Electron. & Electr. Drives, RWTH Aachen Univ., Aachen, Germany Multilevel converter topology for solar PV based grid-tie invertersDigital Object Identifier10.1109/ENERGYCON.2010.5771733 Sarwar, A. Asghar, M.S.J. Electr. Eng. Dept., Aligarh Muslim Univ., Aligarh, India Design, development and performance of a 50 kW grid connected PV system with three phase current-controlled inverter Digital ObjectIdentifier:10.1109/PVSC.2000.916221 Hwang, I.H. Ahn, K.S. Lim, H.C. Kim, S.S. Chungbuk Provincial Coll. Of Sci. & Technol. Grid-Tied PV system energy smoothing Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5616799 Hund, T.D. Gonzalez, S. Barrett, K. Sandia Nat. Labs., Albuquerque, NM, USA Dr. K. B. Khanchandani is professor and Head of Department Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shegaon. He has over 18 Years of teaching and research experience in power electronics. He has published number of research paper in journals, both national and international. He obtained his BE and ME in Amravati University and Ph.D. from National Institute of Technology, Bhopal. He has been innovated in teaching and research in area of power electronics, signal processing, analog and digital system design and VLSI Mr. Chandrasen S Janjal is ME student in Dept. of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, S. S. G. M. Collage of Engineering Shegaon. He obtained his BE in P.R.M.I.T & R Bandera from Amravati University.

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