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5 User Manual
by Anthony Nordquist and Richard Holt
Welcome to the Saline Operating System (SalineOS) desktop environment. If you are running this from the DVD then you are in what is known as a live environment. This will make no changes to your computer until you start the installation process; therefore, no changes made in this environment will survive the next boot. This live DVD environment can be used as a recovery disk, a secure operating system for public computers, for evaluation of the operating system and finally, it can be used to install SalineOS to your hard drive or solid state disk. Instructions for use are included below, including step by step installation instructions. First, the desktop environment and pre-installed applications, by the numbers:
1. Applications menu is on the top panel. It pulls down a menu that displays all installed applications and allows you to launch them.
ON THE DESKTOP
2. Home: the folder that contains a user's personal files such as Music, Photos, Downloads, Documents and Videos. Double clicking the icon opens the default file manager called Thunar. 3. File System: the hierarchy of folders where all the system files and applications are located.
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4. SalineOS Installer: allows you to install SalineOS to your hard drive or solid state disk (See Installation Instructions below.)
also extensible via plug-ins. 19. Rhythmbox: an easy to use music player and management program which supports a wide range of audio formats (Including mp3 and ogg). Originally inspired by Apple's iTunes, the current version also supports Internet Radio, iPod integration and generic portable audio player support, audio CD burning, audio CD playback, music sharing, and podcasts. 20. Fotoxx: a simple and lightweight but feature rich program for quickly and easily touching up digital photographs. 21. Xfburn: a graphical tool for burning CDs and DVDs. 22. Catfish: a lightweight and simple program for searching for files or folders on the hard drive. 23. Gigolo: quickly mount/access remote file-systems; such as, separate operating system partitions or folders shared over the network; also includes bookmark support. 24. Xfce Settings Manager: permits adjusting and configuring several system preferences. 25. Synaptic: allows browsing and installing thousands of free applications. View available applications by category or quickly search by name or description. See which applications are already installed, and remove those no longer needed. 26. Terminal or Console: presents a POSIX compatible command line, which should never have to be used without detailed instructions. If you would like to learn how to use this powerful tool there is a list of standard Linux commands at the bottom of this user manual. 27. Trash: shows deleted files and folders. Allows restoring them or permanently removing them.
also allows applying digital effects to the webcam image. XSane: a fast graphical scanning program for acquiring images from scanners. Gedit: simple and lightweight text editor. It color-codes computer code written in many different languages making it ideal for software development. X-Chat: a graphical IRC Client with a GTK+ GUI. Special features include the mIRC extension DCC RESUME and mIRC color, multiple server/channel windows, dialog windows, and a plug-in API. Remastersys Backup: will create a backup image of your entire system including your personal files or create a distributable image that excludes personal files. This image can then be burned to a writable DVD with Xfburn. Please note that the information you backup will have to compress to less than four (4) gigabytes (GiB). This is roughly nine (9) uncompressed GiB on your hard drive. Grub-Doctor: Used to restore the SalineOS boot loader. This will be required if you install an operating system that does not recognize Linux based operating systems (Most commonly Microsoft Windows). Grub-Doctor can be used to restore the boot loader of any grub2 based Linux distribution.
1. Double click the SalineOS Installer icon on the desktop. 2. Click Yes 3. Your computer's storage space can be segmented for separate operating systems or purposes. These segments of storage space are called partitions. If you do not need any of the files and operating systems on a hard disk the installer can erase all data and automatically create these partitions for you. To use automatic partitioning, click Yes on the dialog in front of you and then confirm your choice on the next dialog. If using automatic partitioning you will skip steps five (5) through eleven (11), as they all pertain to manual partitioning of the hard disk. You will need a target disk with a minimum of six (6) gigabytes in order to use automatic partitioning. To use manual partitioning simply choose No and follow all the steps below. 4. Select the drive to which you wish to install SalineOS, then press
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OK. They are listed by the amount of storage space on the device in megabytes (MiB). 5. If you wish to resize an existing partition in order to preserve an already installed operating system or systems, right click on the partition you wish to resize and select Resize/Move. You should change the size of the partition so that the Free Space following the operation is at least 32,0000 MiB (This is only a recommendation; you only require 4,000 MiB of space). Click the green check mark to apply the resizing. 6. Next, we will create a root partition. Right click on unallocated space and select New. Create it as a Primary partition with an ext4 file system type. Ensure that it is at least 3,500 MiB, although a minimum of 30,000 MiB is highly recommended. Click Add. If the unallocated space is on an extended partition, then you must create it as a Logical Partition instead. More information follows directly below.
Note: You can only have a maximum of 4 primary partitions on your hard disk; however, you may have 3 primaries and 1 extended partition which can contain up to 15 (on SATA) or 63 (on IDE) logical partitions. If there are already 4 primary partitions you will have to restructure your hard disk partition system. If you have exactly three primary partitions, it is recommended to create an extended partition. (See paragraph below). If you already have 4 primary partitions you will need to do one of the following: * Delete a Primary & create an Extended Partition (Recommended) * Format a Primary & install SalineOS. (Erases data on the partition) If you need to delete a primary partition, simply right click on it and select Delete, then click the green check mark to apply. To create and use an extended partition for SalineOS, right click on an unallocated space, select Extended Partition from the drop down menu and click Add. Then you will need to right click on the unallocated space again and click New. Create as a Logical Partition, with ext4 file system type and click Add. Note: If you wish to create a separate partition for /home you should do so now. Just follow the same steps, as above, for creating the root partition. This step is completely optional and not recommended. Note: Rarely, a motherboard BIOS will require setting a boot flag on the root partition in order to boot the machine. You can set the boot flag by right clicking on the partition you created for root and selecting manage flags. Just check the box next to boot on the dialog and close. If you skip this step it probably won't matter, but if your machine fails to boot, you will have to use the live disk to set this flag.
7. Now we will create the swap partition, right click on unallocated space and select New. Create as a Primary or as a Logical Partition, set file system type to linux-swap and set the size to 2000 to 3000 MiB, and click on Add.
Note: If you have very limited space and are only allocating 4,000 MiB for the install, then set this to 500. Also note, that if you already have
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a linux-swap partition you may omit this entire step. The system will find and allow you to use existing swap. If you intend to use the Suspend or Hibernate functions you should setup a dedicated swap partition for SalineOS, instead of using existing swap.
8. Click on the green check mark and click Apply on the pop-up dialog. Close GParted when it has completed. The installer will now pop-up. 9. Select the swap partition you wish SalineOS to use and press OK.
Note: You will be asked if this swap is shared with another Linux distribution on the disk. You must select Yes if you want other installed instances of Linux to continue to use this swap partition.
10. Select the root partition you created in earlier steps. The sizes of partitions are listed in MiB. Select ext4 and click OK when prompted. 11. The installer will now ask where you wish to install /home. Unless you wish to use a separate home partition, created above or a preexisting partition, select Put /home on the root partition and ignore the note below.
Note: If you are using a home partition shared with another Linux distribution you MUST NOT use the same user name as the other distribution. If you do then your system will most likely break requiring a re-installation of both operating systems. You will also be prompted for a filesystem type for home (This should be ext4) and whether you want to format the partition (Erase all data) or not. If you created the filesystem with GParted above you should let the installer format the partition.
12. If you wish to change the default language and keyboard from English, choose Yes on this dialog and read the notes below; otherwise, choose No and ignore these notes.
Note: The language setting program requires a connection to the internet in order to use some features, it is highly recommended to ensure you have a connection now. If connected to the internet it will download a translated version of this user manual in your language as well as language packages required for spell checking: OpenOffice.org and IceDove. The newly downloaded manual in your language will be named User-Manual-Language.pdf while this document will be renamed User-Manual-English.pdf. You can open it from the desktop. Note: The new language settings will not take full effect until after you reboot to the installed system. (After completing the installation). 13. The installer will offer to install plug-ins for decoding potentially
patent encumbered encoded multimedia formats. If your machine came pre-loaded with Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X you should already have a license for these codecs. If you need to purchase licenses for the patents related to multimedia decoding, you can find them for sale at http://www.fluendo.com. SalineOS will fail to decode many multimedia formats until these plug-ins are installed.
14. Enter a password for root (The system administrator). This password will be needed for administrative tasks such as installing software and updating the machine. It is highly recommended to use a long (At least 8 characters) password including capital and lower case letters as well as numbers. Using special characters is encouraged for best security but is not required. 15. Follow the prompts to create an initial user. It will first ask your real name, then the user name you wish to use to login to your computer. Finally, it will prompt you for a password for the new user. For convenience, this can be the same password as root, or you can supply a unique user password. The installer will then offer to enabled automatic login for the newly created user. 16. Enter a hostname. If this is on your home network you may enter anything you wish here, just ensure it does not contain numbers or spaces. 17. The installer will prompt for where to install grub. If installing to a desktop/laptop hard disk or solid state disk, you should choose the MBR of the disk that is listed as the first to boot in your computer's bios. For almost all setups this is /dev/sda. If installing to a USB key you should choose the MBR of the USB key. 18. The installer will now ask if your clock is set to local time. If the time displayed in the upper right hand corner on the panel is correct, then you should press Yes here. If the time is incorrect you should press No, this should correct the time for you after you reboot to the installed system. (This assumes the hardware clock is set to the correct time in UTC.) 19. The installer will prompt you for information regarding your geographical location and time zone. Select the correct response and press Enter. 20. If the installer detects an ATI or Nvidia graphics chipset, you will be prompted if you wish to start the process for installing proprietary graphics drivers after you reboot to the installed system. For more information on proprietary graphics drivers please see the section under the heading PROPRIETARY DRIVERS. This will use Magix to install the drivers, a completely automated script. If you select yes, you will be prompted for two things after the desktop environment starts, the root password and to ensure your internet connection is functioning.
Note: Since ATI no longer supports chipsets older than r6000 (Models X1950 and below) with their proprietary driver. If your video card uses a chipset older than r6000 you will have to answer No and continue to use the included open source driver.
21. The installer will ask you to verify that the information you have
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supplied looks correct. Please take a moment to verify this and then press OK to continue if all is OK. 22. The installer will now install the system and prompt you to reboot when finished. You may reboot now or continue to use the live environment. Remember that no changes will be saved on the DVD.
Support for a variety of media formats are under patent protection in some jurisdictions. A script is included to download plug-ins from a third party to decode a wide range of media formats, but cannot be legally used if the machine is not licensed to use the patented technology; for this reason, certain plug-ins are not pre-installed on this disk. If the machine you are using this on does not have Microsoft Windows or Mac OS X licensed to be used on it, you may not have the rights to use these plug-ins and may not install them. A license to use these codecs is available for purchase at http://www.fluendo.com If you have a license for patents relating to MPEG-2, H.264, MPEG-4, WMA, and/or AAC, or if you live in a jurisdiction that does not recognize software patents, open a terminal and type: gksuinstallrestrictedmultimedia then press Enter to install the restricted codecs.
PROPRIETARY DRIVERS
Note: If you use an Intel graphics chip or do not need 3D acceleration this step is not necessary. Note: ATI no longer supports chipsets older than r6000 (Models X1950 and below) with their proprietary driver. If your video card uses a chipset older than r6000 you cannot use these scripts and should continue to use the included open source driver. If your Nvidia card is not supported, both programs will detect this is the case and inform you at run time.
Some hardware manufacturers provide binary only drivers for their hardware and license those drivers in such a way that they may not be freely distributed by third parties. Most notably ATI and NVIDIA graphics cards. If you need or desire the best graphics performance and you have an NVIDIA or ATI graphics card; it is advised to install these binary drivers. Below are instructions for using the sgfxi script
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or Magix-Driver-Installer to install these binary drivers. Magix-DriverInstaller is what will be used if you choose to begin the installation after the first boot on the installed system. In order to get the absolute, newest proprietary driver for your graphics card you should use sgfxi. If using sgfxi, please WRITE down the instructions below or PRINT out this user manual, since you will be exiting the graphical desktop environment in order to use sgfxi.
graphics chipsets. Should Magix fail to properly install your graphics driver it is recommended to use sgfxi to do so. If you choose not to automatically start the process in the installer you can simply launch Magix manually: 1. Hold down the Alt key and press F2. 2. In the dialog, type the command gksu /usr/bin/magix-driver-installer and press Enter. 3. Input the root password when prompted and press Enter. 4. Ensure you have a working internet connection and click Yes.
winesetup will install Winetricks to the home folder of the user you run it as. Winetricks is a graphical program for installing applications or libraries for WINE. To launch winetricks navigate to your home folder and double-click on winetricks.sh.
To install a .deb file you downloaded from the internet, simply double click on the .deb file and input your root password when prompted. GDebi will attempt to satisfy the dependencies (Programs or libraries that other programs need to function) using packages available in the repositories.
changes and save people from having to download all updates since the last image build; however, major versions of SalineOS will only be released near the release of a new Debian Stable. There is no set release date. New versions will be made available after the software has undergone a long and thorough testing period. A script will be available from http://www.salineos.com to attempt to upgrade to the newest version automatically; however, it is recommended that you backup your data and download the updated ISO image and install a fresh copy of the new version of SalineOS to your hard drive. The next major release of SalineOS will be 2.0, and will be based on Debian 7.0 Wheezy.
SalineOS is funded by donations that can be made using PayPal services to salinelinux@gmail.com. If you find this operating system useful please consider sending a small donation to help continue its development. Please note that SalineOS is not a registered non-profit organization and therefore donations are not tax deductible.
Notice: The programs included with the SalineOS GNU/Linux system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. SalineOS GNU/Linux comes with absolutely no warranty, to the extent permitted by applicable law.
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chgrp chmod chown clear cmp cp cpio cron
crontab Schedules commands at regular intervals. crypt Encrypt or decrypt files using altered DES, standard to Unix passwords. Cut selected fields from each line of file. A program that runs as a background task or process. A daemon is a "Disk and Execution Monitor". Normally have names ending in d, for example, syslogd, proftpd, etc. Displays the time and date (Can set the time if ran as root). Convert and copy a file. Ex. $ dd if=input of=outputfile bs=4M Reports information about used and open space on all mounted file systems. Compare two files. Compare 3 or more files.
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nslookup Retrieve information from DNS servers. passwd paste pr ps pstat Create or change login password. Merge lines of files. Format and print file. Reports status of active processes. Report system status.
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pwcheck pwd rm rmdir rsh sed set setenv sh sleep sort spell split su
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