Q1.

Write a MATLAB program to plot a) Speed- torque characteristics b) Output power-speed characteristics c) Torque-output power characteristics For an induction motor of the following specifications: Rating - 300kW Voltage - 440 VRMS, LL; 254 VRMS, LN Stator resistance, r1=0.73 ohm Stator reactance, x1=0.06 ohm rotor resistance, r2 =0.64 ohm rotor reactance, x2= 0.06ohm

SOLUTION: a) Torque-speed curve

%given parameters v=254; ph=3; r1=0.73; r2=0.64; x1=0.06; x2=0.06; xm=2.5; ns=1200; ws=2*pi*ns/60; %calculation of thevenin's eqvt parameters z1eq=j*xm*(r1+j*x1)/(r1+j*(x1+xm)); r1eq=real(z1eq); x1eq=imag(z1eq); veq=abs(v*j*xm/(r1+j*(x1+xm))); %calculation of the torqe and output power at variable speed for n=1:10000; s(n)=n/10000; nr(n)=ns*(1-s(n)); i2=abs(veq/(z1eq+j*x2+(r2/s(n)))); te(n)=ph*i2^2*r2/(s(n)*ws); wr=2*pi*nr(n)/60; pm(n)=te(n)*wr; end %plotting of the graph plot(nr,te) grid xlabel('speed(rpm)') ylabel('electromechanical torque(Nm)') title('torque-speed characteristics')

b) Power-speed curve

%given parameters v=254; ph=3; r1=0.73; r2=0.64; x1=0.06; x2=0.06; xm=2.5; ns=1200; ws=2*pi*ns/60; %calculation of thevenin's eqvt parameters z1eq=j*xm*(r1+j*x1)/(r1+j*(x1+xm)); r1eq=real(z1eq); x1eq=imag(z1eq); veq=abs(v*j*xm/(r1+j*(x1+xm))); %calculation of the torqe and output power at variable speed for n=1:10000; s(n)=n/10000; nr(n)=ns*(1-s(n)); i2=abs(veq/(z1eq+j*x2+(r2/s(n)))); te(n)=ph*i2^2*r2/(s(n)*ws); wr=2*pi*nr(n)/60; pm(n)=te(n)*wr; end %plotting of the graph plot(nr,pm) grid xlabel('speed(rpm)') ylabel('output power(watts)') title('output power-speed characteristics')

c) Torque-power curve
%given parameters v=254; ph=3; r1=0.73; r2=0.64; x1=0.06; x2=0.06; xm=2.5; ns=1200; ws=2*pi*ns/60; %calculation of thevenin's eqvt parameters z1eq=j*xm*(r1+j*x1)/(r1+j*(x1+xm)); r1eq=real(z1eq); x1eq=imag(z1eq); veq=abs(v*j*xm/(r1+j*(x1+xm))); %calculation of the torqe and output power at variable speed for n=1:10000; s(n)=n/10000; nr(n)=ns*(1-s(n)); i2=abs(veq/(z1eq+j*x2+(r2/s(n)))); te(n)=ph*i2^2*r2/(s(n)*ws); wr=2*pi*nr(n)/60; pm(n)=te(n)*wr; end

%plotting of the graph plot(te,pm) grid xlabel('electromechanical torque(Nm)') ylabel('output power(watts)') title('torque-o/p power characteristics')

GRAPH: a) Torque speed curve:

b) Power speed curve:

c) Torque-power curve:

Q2. A 208V, 10hp, 4 poles, 60 Hz, Y connected has a full load slip of 5% a) What is the synchronous speed of this motor?

b) What is the rotor speed of this motor at rated load? c) What is the rotor frequency of this motor at rated load? d) What is the shaft torque of this motor at rated load? SOLUTION: i) ii) iii) iv) Synchronous speed =(120f)/p = (120 X 50)/4 = 1800 rpm Rotor speed= (1-S)Ns=1710 rpm Rotor frequency= SXf=0.05X60=3 Hz Tsh=Pm/omegar =(10X746X60)/(2XpiX1710)=41.7 Nm

Q3. A 480V, 60Hz, 50hp, 3ph induction motor is drawing 60A at o.85 pf lagging. The stator copper losses are 2kW and rotor copper losses are 700 W. The frictional and windage losses are 600 W, the core losses are 1800 W. Neglect stray losses. Find the following quantities. I. II. III. IV. Airgap power Power converted Output power Efficiency of the motor

SOLUTION: V=480V F=60Hz I=60A ; ; ; output power=50hp = 37.285kW pf=0.85 3ph ; ; rotor copper loss=700W core loss=1800W

Stator copper loss=2kW Fric&wind losses=600W

i) Pin=sqrt(3)VI X pf=42.4kW Pg=Pin-stator copper loss-stator core loss=42.4-2-1.8=38.6kW ii) Power converted,Pm=Pg-rotor copper loss=38.6-0.7=37.9kW iii) Output power=pm-rotational losses=37.9-0.6=37.3kW iv) Eficiency=output power/input power=37.285/42.4=0.8793=87.9%

Q4. A 460V, 25hp, 60 Hz, 4 poles, Y connected induction motor has the following impedances in ohms per phase referred to the stator circuit:

R1= 0.641ohm X1=1.106ohm Xm=26.3ohm

R2= 0.332ohm X2=0.464ohm

The total rotational losses are 1100Wand are assumed to be constant. The core losses are lumped in with rotational losses for a rotor slip of 2.2% at rated voltage and rated frequency. Find the motors speed, stator current, pf, power converted, power output, torque and load torque and efficiency. SOLUTION:

0.332/0.022 r1 A
1

x1
2

x2
3

r2/s

0.641ohm 1.106ohm Vp xm

0.464ohm 26.3ohm

B
V=460v ;

O/P power=25hp=18.6425kW

Ns=120f/P=1800rpm Vp=460/ 3 ; S=0.022 a) Nr=(1-S)Ns=1740.6rpm b) Zab= r1+jx1+ (jxm(jx2+r2/s))/(r2/s+j(x2+xm) = (11.69+j7.79) Stator current= Vp/Zab=(15.720-10.4772)A=18.89-33.68 A c) Pf=cos()=cos(33.68) lag = 0.832 lag d) Prot+core=1100W

0.332/0.022 re=0.589ohm x2 r2/s 1 2 3 A xe=1.075ohm 0.464ohm 5 I2 Vth B

4

Vth=jxmVp/(r1+j(x1+xm))=(254.72+j5.96)V=254.79V Ze=Re+jXe=(r1+jx1) || (jxm) =jxm(r1+jx1)/(r1+j(x1+xm)) = (0.589+j1.075) Zth=Rth+Xth=(15.68+1.539) Rotor current I2=Vth/Zth=16.09-j1.579=16.17A Air gap power, Pg=3I22r2/s=11.833kw Power converted, Pmech=Pg(1-s)=11.573kW e) Torque=Pmech/Wr=60Pmech/2Nr=62.78Nm f) Power output=Pmech-1100W=10.473kW g) Load torque=o/p power/Wr=56.81Nm h) Efficiency= o/p p/ i/p p =10.473/12.159=0.8365=83.65% Q5. Derive the expression for Smax and Tmax. SOLUTION: T= 3I22R2 SWs = VTh2 R2 SW S[(Rth+R2/s)2+(Xth+X2)2]

The maximum value torque can be found by finding Smax and it can be found by differentiating T wrt S and equating it to zero. dT =0

dS

d ds

3VTh2 R2 SWS[(Rth+R2/s)2+(Xth+X2)2]

=0

3VTh2 R2 d 1 Ws ds S[(Rth+R2/s)2+(Xth+X2)2]

=0

d ds

1 S[(Rth+R2/s)2+(Xth+X2)2]

=0

d ds S[(Rth+R2/s)2+(Xth+X2)2]

-1 =0 -2

(-1) S[(Rth+R2/s) +(Xth+X2) ]

d SRth2+2 RthR2+ R22/S+(Xth2+2X2Xth+X22) =0 dS

Rth-R2/s2+(Xth+X2)2 = 0 Rth + (Xth+X2)2 = R2/s2 S2max = R22/ Rth 2+(Xth+X2)2 = 0 Smax= R2/ { Rth 2+(Xth+X2)2} By putting Smax in Tmax 3Vth 2 R2 Tmax = Ws (Rth+R2/s)2 + (Xth+X2)2 3Vth 2 = Ws 3Vth 2 = Ws Rth2 +2 Rth( (Rth2+(Xth+X2)2))+Rth2(Xth+X2)2+(xth+X2)2 (Rth+ R2 (Rth+(Xth+X2) ) R2 {(Rth2) + (Xth+X22)}
2

{(Rth2) + (Xth+X22)} R2

{(Rth2) + (Xth+X22)} 2 + (Xth+X2)2

3Vth 2 = Ws 3Vth 2 = Ws 3Vth 2 = Ws

{(Rth2) + (Xth+X22)} 2Rth2 +2 Rth( (Rth2+(Xth+X2)2))+ 2(Xth+X2)2 {(Rth2) + (Xth+X22)} 2(Rth2 +Rth( (Rth2+(Xth+X2)2))+ (Xth+X2)2) {(Rth2) + (Xth+X22)} 2 (Rth2+(Xth+X2)2 ( (Rth2+(Xth+X2)2) +Rth)

3 Tmax = 2Ws

Vth2 ( (Rth2+(Xth+X2)2) +Rth)

Q6. A 2 poles, 50 Hz induction motor supplies 15kW to a load at a speed of 2950rpm. What is the motor slip? What is the induced torque in the motor? What is the operating speed of the motor if its torque is doubled? How much power will be supplied by the motor what the torque is doubled? SOLUTION: P=2, f=50Hz, o/p power=15kW, Nr=2950rpm, Ns=3000rpm S= (3000-2950)/3000=0.0167 Tind=power/W r= (15k 60)/(22950)=48.56 Nm If the torque is doubled, Speed, W r= power /2Tind=15k/248.56=154.481 rad/sec i.e speed gets halved if torque is doubled For constant speed, when the torque is doubled

Power=2TW r=215k=30k Submitted by Chanki Pyrbot Roll no.: DIP/10/EE/22