03/99

Level-Radar

Technical Data BM 70 A

non-contact level gauging using electromagnetic waves

BM 70 A Wave-Stick
4D27EA15 039912

BM 70 A Horn antenna
6.1D49D9 069111

BM 70 A Level-Radar
Non-contact level gauging using electromagnetic waves (microwaves) Description
The BM 70 A is a level gauge designed for the continuous and non-contact level measurement of liquids, pastes, slurries, particulate materials and liquefied gases in metal process and storage tanks and also in concrete bins, in even the most difficult conditions. Primary head and signal converter form a compact unit that is mounted on the tank fitting. The signal converter can be removed from the primary head under service conditions. For long-distance transmission of level data, a current output of 4 to 20 mA with superposed digital smart signal or a digital interface is available for connection of indicating instruments, recorders, controllers and limit switches, and for connection to process control systems.

Operator control
Simple clear-text operator prompting in German, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese or Schwedish via 3 keys or using a handheld bar magnet and magnetic sensors without opening the housing or with the aid of a PC program. The local display is a 2-field illuminated LCD. Display functions are level, distance (between mounting flange and product surface) and volume in the following display units: mm, cm, metres, inches, feet, %, litres, m3, % by volume, gal or bbl.

BM 70 A Highlights
s s s s s s Microwave window with improved signal-to-noise ratio High sensitivity through 140 dB dynamic response Thermal endurance up to 250 C (482 F) Max. allowable operating pressure up to 400 bar (5800 psig) Software-controlled analog filters Modular design: all signal outputs can be replaced and retrofitted without interrupting the process current output HART RS 485 interface PROFIBUS interface Fieldbus Foundation

Special applications
BM 70 A Precision Level-Radar BM 70 with special calibration and test runs for maximum accuracy and repeatability. Accuracy < 5 mm ( 0.2) (see accuracy graph) Repeatability 2 mm ( 0.08) The BM 70 P offers accuracies of 1 mm (0.04). Please ask for this Data Sheet. BM 70 A Wave-Stick Level-Radar This version is a low-cost device and particularly suitable for applications in the food and beverage, waste water, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The dielectric rod antenna and the sealing face of the connecting flange are made of PTFE. Resistant to high-temperature steam, CIP/SIP capability up to 160 C (320 F). BM 70 A Wave-Guide Level-Radar A tubular antenna extension with 30 mm (1.18) outside diameter is passed through the product and down to the tank bottom. The antenna extension interconnects with the tank, and for this purpose a vent hole is featured in the top part of the extension. Suitable for application in reactors, horizontal and vertical process and storage tanks containing relatively clean products, liquefied gases in the chemical, petrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. BM 70 A Still-Pipe Level-Radar Devices with DN 50 to DN 200 (2 to 8) flanged connection. The horn antenna is introduced into a pipe of max. 40 m (131 ft) length. The product level is measured directly through this pipe. Application in reactors, horizontal, vertical and conical process and storage tanks, and waste water tanks in the petrochemical, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. BM 70 A Antenna purging system The purging system is used for cleaning, heating and cooling the antenna. The purging medium is introduced through the connecting flange. Application in the petrochemical, chemical and pharmaceutical industries under conditions of very low and very high temperatures and with products tending to form caked deposits and incrustations. Rectangular and S-shaped antenna extensions A rectangular or S-shaped extension is available for specific and particularly difficult application conditions. Such extensions are used in cases where the antenna is exposed to particularly high temperatures and where there are problems of space.

Offical approvals
Application Only with explosion protection In stationary storage tanks for flammable, water-endangering liquids of dangerous-materials classes AI, AII and B Approved by Instrument version Certification mark Ex-90.C.1067X Ex-90.C.1067X Ex-93.C.1061X Ex-93.C.1061X Ex-96.D.1027X BVS 96.Y.8002 96.110715.05 pending pending pending pending Z-G490/353X licence to hand licence to hand licence IH5 BM 70 94 BE 5119 3741/ 5528 /A00-H A-5119 89906-94 HH 94/ 00055 DIN ISO 9001/EN 29001 KTA 1401 QSP 4A 5636602 PTB (EEx de IIC T2T6, Zone 0) BM 70-Ex Supplement No. 3 (EEx de (ia)/(ib) IIC/IIB T2T6, Zone 0) BM 70-i PTB (EEx de IIC/IIB T2T6, Zone 0) BM 70-Ex Nautic Supplement No. 1 (EEx de (ia)/(ib) IIC/IIB T2T6, Zone 0) BM 70-i Nautic PTB (EEx de (ia)/(ib) IIB/IIC T1T6, Zone 1) BM 70 Wave-Stick DMT (Dust-tight-Ex Z.10) BM 70-Ex SEV-Switzerland EEx de (ia) IIB/IIC T1T6, Zone 0 BM 70 Wave-Stick FM / USA (I Div. 1 Gr. B/C/D, II/III Div. 1 Gr. E/F/G) BM 70-Ex FM / USA (I Div. 1 Gr. B/C/D, II/III Div. 1 Gr. E/F/G) BM 70 Wave-Stick CSA / Canada (I Gr. C/D; II Gr. E/F/G, III) BM 70-Ex RIIS / Japan (T6) BM 70-Ex Germany: FTZ Britain: DTI France: PTE USA: FCC American Bureau of Shipping BM 70 Nautic Bureau Veritas BM 70 Nautic Det Norske Veritas BM 70 Nautic Germanischer Lloyd BM 70 Nautic Lloyds Register BM 70 Nautic TV/CERT KWU BM 70

Radio approvals

General certificates

Quality assurance

Druckbehlterverordnung (German pressure vessel code) RW TV other radio approvals and general certificates to hand

Functional principle
FMCW radar principle and FFT signal analysis (FMCW = frequency-modulated continuous wave) A radar signal is emitted from an antenna, reflected from the target (in this case, the product surface) and received back after a delay interval t. The distance of the reflecting product surface is measured by way of the transit time t of the microwave signal: for every metre from a target the waves travel a distance of 2 m, for which they require a time of approx. 6.7 ns. In general, the measured distance is a = c x t / 2; where c = the speed of light. The FMCW radar system uses a linear frequency-modulated high-frequency signal; transmission frequency increases linearly within a time interval (frequency sweep). Since the transmission frequency changes due to the time delay during signal propagation, a low-frequency signal (typically, up to a few kHz), the frequency f of which is proportional to the reflector distance a, is obtained from the difference between the current transmission frequency and the received frequency. The product level is then computed from the difference between tank height and distance.
v

1) Radar frequency, linearly changed

2) Time delay through wave propagation

Time signal
t

3) Difference frequency formed

FFT
Spectrum
f

4) Digital signal processing

5) Product level computed 3

Technical data
Instrument versions

Responsibility as to suitability and intended use of our instruments rests solely with the purchaser.

BM 70 A Antenna purging system

BM 70 A Wave-Guide

BM 70 A Standard

Measuring range Block distance (min. measuring distance from flange) Application range (F = liquids, slurries, pastes; S = particulate materials; FG = liquefied gases) Accuracies Max. allowable operating pressure dependent on flange type Operating temperature at flange Hazardous-duty version (Ex) Angle of radiation Connection flange to DIN 2501 Standard PN 6 PN 64 to ANSI B 16.5 Class 150, 300, 600 lbs/RF *) dependent on pressure

40 m (131 ft) 0.4 m (1.31 ft) F, S

40 m (131 ft) 1m (3.28 ft) F

10 m** (32.8 ft)** 0.3 m (0.98 ft) F, FG

40 m (131 ft) 0.5 m (1.64 ft) F, FG

40 m (131 ft) 0.4 m (1.31 ft) F, S

20 m (65.6 ft) 0.2 m (0.66 ft) F, S

see accuracy graph 1 to 64 bar*** ( 14.5 to 928 psig***) 250 C (482 F) Zone 0 8 DN 150, DN 200 6, 8 1 to 64 bar ( 14.5 to 928 psig) 250 C (482 F) Zone 0 6 DN 200 8 1 to 64 bar*** ( 14.5 to 928 psig***) 250 C (482 F) Zone 0 0 DN 50 to DN 200 2 to 8 1 to 64 bar*** ( 14.5 to 928 psig***) 250 C (482 F) Zone 0 0 DN 50 to DN 200 2 to 8 1 to 64 bar ( 14.5 to 928 psig) 250 C (482 F) Zone 0 DN 100 to DN 200 4 to 8 1 to 16 bar ( 14.5 to 232 psig) 100 C-150 C* (212 F-302 F)* Zone 0 (SEV) Zone 1 (PTB) 9 DN 50 to DN 150 2 to 6

**) Ex version 0 to 3 m (9.84 ft)

***) higher pressures on request

Technical data Signal converter BM 70 A

1 2 3 Application range Operating mode/system structure Input Measured quantities Measuring range Block distance Rate of change in level Output Variant 1 Ex-e current output HART Distance, level, volume and reflection measurement of liquids, pastes, slurries, solids and particulate materials in storage and process tanks, generally in containers of metal or concrete, and in still wells FMCW radar in the X band (8.5-9.9 GHz) with digital signal processing; compact device, modular design Primary quantities: distance, reflection; derived quantities: level, volume min. tank height: 0.5 m (1.64 ft) max. measuring range: 40 m (131 ft) (optionally also larger); Wave-Stick: 20 m (65.6 ft) min. 0.2 to 1.0 m (0.66 to 3.28 ft); see table 10 m/min ( 32.81 ft/min)

Type active (current source); Ex-e Current range 4-20 mA (error: 2 mA or 22 mA) Accuracy/linearity 0.05 % (rel. 20 mA; 25 C/77 F) Temperature drift 100 ppm/k (typically 30 ppm/K) Load 500 ohms with switching output: Max. 100 mA / 30 V DC or 30 V AC; internal resistance 20 ohms; floating and digital input: to freeze the measured value; voltage: 5 to 28 V DC; input resistance: 1 kohm; floating Variant 2 Type passive (current sink); Ex-i Current range 4-20 mA (error: 22 mA); 4 mA constant for HART -Multidrop Ex-i current output HART Temperature drift 100 ppm/K (typically 30 ppm/K) Accuracy/linearity 0.05 % (rel. 20 mA; 25 C (77 F)) Supply voltage 8-30 V (terminals 31 and 32) Load (Us - 8 V) / 22 mA, (Us = external supply voltage) Switching output (optional) 6 - 30 V / 110 mA; IHigh 900 A (30 V); IHigh = 200 A (8 V) Variant 3 Transmission rate 1200 to 38 400 bauds RS 485 interface Address: 0 to 255 Protocols: Krohne protocol, Modbus-RTU, HART with additional current output Type active (current source); non-communicable; Ex-e Current range 4-20 mA (error 2 mA or 22 mA) Accuracy/linearity 0.3 % (rel. 20 mA; 25 C/77 F) Temperature drift 200 ppm/k (typically 70 ppm/K) Load 250 ohms When operated as switching output: Low: I < 2 mA; High: I = 22 mA (R 500 ohms) or no-load voltage 18 V Variant 4: PROFIBUS DP in preparation Variant 5: PROFIBUS PA (Ex-i) in preparation Variant 6: Foundation Fieldbus (Ex-i) in preparation Failure signal Current output: error signal 2 mA or 22 mA, plain text in local display Switching contact: contact opens or closes Digital interfaces: error flags Measuring accuracy Error of measurement Reference conditions and error curves: see accuracy graph on page 8 Repeatability 0.5 x error of measurement Measured-value resolution 1 mm (0.039) Ambient temperature effect No temperature effect on measured value; (see output)

BM 70 A Wave-Stick

BM 70 A Precision

BM 70 A Still-Pipe

6 Field service conditions 6.1 Installation conditions 6.2 Ambient conditions Hazardous locations Ambient temperature at signal converter Flange temperature

Avoid interference reflections and multiple reflections BM 70 Ex: BM 70 Ex Wave-Stick: with horn antenna or Wave-Guide: BM 70 A Wave-Stick: Functional range: Horn antenna, Wave-Guide (Tamb 50 C (122 F)): Horn antenna, Wave-Guide (Tamb 55 C (131 F)): High-temperature version with: FFKM gasket (Kalrez 4079/Parofluor V 3819-75): Zone 0, 1, 2, 10, 11; IIC/IIB, T6T2 Zone 1, 2 (Zone 0 to SEV); IIC/IIB, T6T2 20 20 40 30 30 C C C C C to to to to to + + + + + 155 150 170 130 120 C C C C C ( ( ( ( ( 24 24 40 22 22 F F F F F to to to to to + + + + + 131 122 158 266 252 F) F) F) F) F)

30 C to + 250 C ( 22 F to + 482 F) (safety limit + 280 C (+ 536 F)) Kalrez 2035 gasket: 30 C to + 210 C ( 22 F to + 410 F) Viton gasket: 30 C to + 200 C ( 22 F to + 392 F) FEP-coated gasket: 30 C to + 200 C ( 22 F to + 392 F) Wave-Stick: 20 C to + 100 C ( 24 F to + 212 F), pressure-dep. up to + 150 C (+ 302 F) Environment class Locations exposed direct to open-air climate, D1 Severity in conformity with EN 60654-1 Protection category EN 60529/IEC 529 (signal converter) IP 66 / IP 67 Shock resistance Impact test to EN 61010, Sect. 8.2 with 0.5 J energy; drop test to prEN 50178 Vibration endurance limit IEC 68-2-6 and prEN 50178 (10-57 Hz: 0.075 mm / 57-150 Hz: 1 g) EMC EN 50081-1, EN 50082-2; NAMUR Recommendation 6.3 Product conditions Physical properties No effect on measurement results; for reliable measurements, the relative permittivity should have the following minimum values: Relative permittivity: r 1.5; r < 3: still well recommended; Wave-Stick immersed: r 4 Product limitations Liquid ammonia (NH3); liquid hydrogen (H2); liquid helium (He) Process temperature Unrestricted (but be aware of ambient and flange temperatures!) Operating pressure Horn antenna/Wave-Guide: Dependent on flange size and pressure rating (see table). Standard: max. 64 bar (higher on request); Wave-Stick
+ 16 (+ 232) Pressure [bar] (psig) +1 (+ 14.5) 1 ( 14.5) 46 0.3 T C bar (740 2.4 T F psig)

+ 100 20 Temperature T in C (F) (+ 212) ( 4)

+ 150 (+ 302)

Component parts Dimensions and weights Materials Housing: signal converter Flange system, antenna, antenna extension Gaskets Process connection Horn antenna/Wave-Guide Wave-Stick Dairy screw connection to DIN 11851 Tri-Clamp connection to ISO 2852 Dairy screw connection to SMS 1145 Electrical connection

see Dimensions and weights Aluminium with electrostatic powder coating: sight window: glass Stainless steel 1.4571 (316 Ti) or 1.4435 (316 L), Hastelloy C4 or B2, titanium, tantalum; (information on other materials available on request) FFKM (Kalrez 4079 or Parofluor V 3819-75); Kalrez 2035; Viton (FPM); FEP-coated (basically, in all versions, PTFE is also in contact with the product) Wave-Stick: only PTFE in contact with the product; flanges made of stainless steel 1.4571 (316 Ti) DN 50 to DN 200 / PN 6 to PN 64; flanges to DIN 2501 or DIN 2526, Form C 2 to 8, Class 150 lbs/RF or 300 lbs/RF; flanges to ANSI B 16.5 DN 50 to 150; flanges to DIN 2501 or DIN 2526, Form C ANSI 2 to 6; flanges to ANSI B 16.5 DN 60, DN 65, DN 80 Tri-Clamp 2, 3, 4 51 mm, 63 mm, 76 mm Cable entries: 3 x M 25 x 1.5 Terminals: 0.5 2.5 mm2 (solid conductor: max. 4 mm2) PE or FE and PA: U-clamp terminal (max. 4 mm2) Shielding for RS 485 cable and when cable for current output is > 100 m (> 328 ft) 3 keys Operation with handheld bar magnet without opening the housing 2-line illuminated LCD + 6 status markers English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Schwedish, Italian Lengths: m, cm, mm, inch, ft, %, volume: m3, Liter, US Gal, GB Gal, ft3, bbl, % conversion unit: any text 18 31.2 V DC or 18 26.4 V AC (45-66 Hz) optionally: 100-120 V AC (tolerance: 85-127 V), 200-240 V AC (tolerance: 170-254 V); 45-66 Hz typically 7.5 W / 12 VA

Local operator interface Key pad Magnetic sensors Local display Operator interface language Units of measurement Power supply 24 V DCAC 115/230 V AC Power consumption

Typical applications
BM 70 A Horn antenna mounted on a process tank and on a side vessel BM 70 A Wave-Stick mounted on a process tank for the food and beverage industry BM 70 A Wave-Guide BM 70 A Still-Pipe on a liquefied-gas tank
BM 70 Still-Pipe with ball valve

BM 70 Wave-Guide ball valve

Foam Liquid Liquid gas

BM 70 A Horn antenna for particulate materials

BM 70 A Heating system for aggressive and severely caking products

BM 70 A Precision BM 70 A Still-Pipe on a storage tank

BM 70 Precision

BM 70 Still-Pipe

Vapour Foam Liquid

BM 70 Ex Nautic Variant A and C on ship tanks

BM 70 A Purging system for cleaning, heating or cooling the antenna

BM 70 A with curved antenna extensions for difficult applications

Variant A (DN 200)

Variant C (Cast steel antenna for welding to tank)

Vapour Foam Internals

Vapour Foam

Vapour Foam

Liquid Foam Liquid

Liquid

Liquid

Quality of measurement
Empty-tank spectrum
Process tank with agitators
BM 70 A Flange Fitting Strength of signal

Interference signals and fixed targets blanked out

Process tank with agitators
BM 70 A Flange Fitting Strength of signal

max.

max. saved data

Internals Extreme interference reflection Interference signals

Internals Extreme interference reflection

dynamic evaluation window Interference signals (suppressed) level signal

Heating coil Agitator

Heating coil Agitator

0 m (ft)

0 m (ft)

Sporadic interference signals caused by agitator blades, falling incrustations or sidestreams of the main filling flow are blanked out by the microprocessor-controlled measured-value detector. Interference signals caused by struts, weld seams and tank internals are identified as fixed targets and also blanked out, provided the useful signal reflected from the product surface is greater than the interference signal.

Measured-value plausibility check

Process tank with agitators
BM 70 A Flange Fitting Strength of signal

Process tank with agitators

BM 70 A Flange Fitting

Strength of signal

max.

max.

Internals Extreme interference reflection

Internals

}
0 m (ft)

sporadic interference

Extreme interference reflection

level signal

x
Heating coil Agitator 0 m (ft) blanked out

implausible signal (multiple reflections)

Heating coil Agitator

level signal

}
useful signal window

Software is provided for tracking measured values. A distance window in which the next measured value is expected is defined by the preceding measurements in conjunction with the programmed tracking speed. Measured values not located in this distance window are blanked out. 7

Accuracy graph
Typical measuring errors F absolute error in cm and inches A distance in m and ft, from mounting flange to surface of product

BM 70 A Horn antenna BM 70 A Precision

F cm [inches] (4.72") 12
(3.94") (3.15") (2.36") (1.57") (0.79") 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 mm ( 0.4") 5 mm ( 0.2")

0.3

me % of

asure

d valu

e (dis

tance

BM 70 A Horn antenna

0.1 % of

measured

value (dist

ance)

Reference conditions Ambient temperature: 20 C (68 F) Pressure: 1013 mbar abs. (14.69 psia) Rel. humidity 65 % Product: water, still surface No interference reflections min. distance from flange edge: 1/7 x tank height

BM 70 A Precision
0.1 % of me asured value (distance)

(-0.79") (-1.57") (-2.36") (-3.15")

-2 -4 -6 -8

0.3

% of

meas

(-3.94") -10 (-4.72") -12 0 1 5 (3.28) (16.40) min. Distance, 0.18 m (0.6 ft) 10 (39.37) 15 (49.21) 20 (69.62) 25 (82.02)

ured

value

(dista

nce)
35 40m (114.82) (131.23) D [m (ft)]

30 (98.43)

BM 70 A Wave-Stick
F cm [inches] (4.72") 12
(3.94") (3.15") (2.36") (1.57") (0.79") 10 8 6 4 2 0 (-0.79") (-1.57") (-2.36") (-3.15") -2 -4 -6 -8
0.3 % of meas ured

0.3

me % of

asure

d valu

e (dis

tance

15 mm ( 0.59")

value

(dista

nce)

(-3.94") -10 (-4.72") -12 0 1 5 (3.28) (16.40) min. Distance, 0.18 m (0.6 ft) 10 (39.37) 15 (49.21) 20 (69.62) 25 (82.02) 30 (98.43) 35 (114.82) D [m (ft)] 40m (131.23)

Electrical connection
115/230 V AC
L

24 V DCAC
1

PE FE

Ex-e current output HART

82 81 + 42 41 32 31 +

Ex-i current output HART

unassigned unassigned 42

Digital interface RS 485

B B A A 32 31 +

k k k

Digital input (5 to 24 V DC) to suspend measured values Relay output 41 32 Current output 31 +

k k

Switching output (optional) Ex-i current output (passive)

k
k

RS 485 input/output

Current output

Dimensions in mm and (inches) and weights

BM 70 A Horn antenna
353 (13.89) 214 (8.42) 175 (6.89) 420 (16.54)

High-temperature version
313 (12.32) 226 (8.89)

Flange connections to: DIN 2501 (= BS 4504) DN 50 DN 200 / PN 6 to PN 64 ANSI B 16.5 / 2 to 8 / Class 150 or 300 lbs, RF
Antenna Dimensions in mm (inches) CrNi steel 1.4571 or SS 316 Ti DN mm inches Type dia. a f 080 3 1 080 (3.15) 110 0 (4.33) 100 4 2 100 (3.94) 148 0(5.83) 150 6 3 140 (5.51) 223 0(8.78) 200 8 4 200 (7.87) 335 (13.19) Subject to change without notice Nominal size to DIN (BS) ANSI approx. Weight Hastelloy C4 Titanium, tantalum f f 145 0(5.71) 110 0(4.33) 177 0(6.97) 146 0(5.75) 250 0(9.84) 220 0(8.66) 360 (14.17) 332 (13.07)

315 (12.40)

120 (4.72)

kg (lbs) 17 (37.48) 18 (39.68) 23 (50.71) 30 (66.14)

BM 70 A Wave-Stick Weight DN 50: approx. 12.5 kg (27.56 lbs)

313 (12.32) 226 (8.89)

BM 70 A Wave-Guide Weight DN 50; 1 m: approx.: 13.5 kg (29.76 lbs)

BM 70 A Wave-Stick (Dairy screw connection to DIN 11 851)

313 (12.32) 226 (8.89)

270 (10.63)

315 (12.40)

246 (9.68)

dia. 25 dia. 0.98

* other length on request BM 70 A Antenna purging system

313 (12.32) 226 (8.89)

384 (15.12)*

dia. 30 (1.18)

BM 70 A Antenna extensions

384 (15.12)

260 (10.24)

Straight extension

315 (12.40)

271

300 (11.81) R 271 11 0 323 (12.72)

Information on other dimensions available on request

100 to 2000 (3.94 to 78.74)

Rectangular extension

S-shaped extension

Communication system
The BM 70 A level gauge can be operated with various communication interfaces. Krohne smart Standard interface for data transmission to a control unit. HARTprotocol The HART protocol transmits communication signals from and to the BM 70 A in conformity with the HART standard. PC-CAT User-friendly software package for setting and evaluation of BM 70 A data. Communications protocols The following protocols are available for the RS 485 interface: Krohne protocol Modbus protocol PROFIBUS protocol Krohne Tank Management System In addition to level gauging with the BM 70 A, Krohne also supplies complete tank management systems.

10

PC-CAT user program

This program allows convenient remote control of all functions of the signal converter. The vessel can be shown in schematic form together with the associated measured values and the measured spectrum. A trend representation of the output signal and control threshold (signal strength) is also provided. All relevant instrument data can be recorded in the form of a data set, stored on a floppy disk, forwarded to Krohne by modem (long-distance data transmission) or transmitted on-line. Evaluation of such data forms the basis of a telephone service. Stored data can also be used for configuring other BM 70 A units. Spectrum and measured value The diagram shows, on the left, a schematic of the tank with actual measured values, and on the right the spectrum following correction with the empty-tank spectrum (fixed tank interference signals). The thick horizontal line in the chart shows the actual value measured, while the vertical line represents the control threshold (in this case, a signal strength of 457).
BM 70 A tank data Antenna: Type 3

PC-CAT also has a play-back function for recorder files for subsequent analysis of the measurement performance. All graphic illustrations can be exported in PCX format for further processing in word processing systems or similar. The program is loaded into a user PC and connected to the current output via an interface module, max. distance from the BM 70 A: 1000 m or 3300 ft. The PC interface module has no effect on receiver instruments, such as milliammeters, recorders, etc., connected to the current output.

The control threshold (signal strength) is dynamically corrected to provide the target number of evaluable spectra, which is defined by way of the tank type. The hatched area marks that part of the tank in which measurements cannot be made or are deliberately blanked out.

Height: 7 m Type: Process tank

Control threshold: 457 Gain: 3

Trend representation of the output signal and control threshold Output signal values (liquid level, distance or volume) and control threshold (signal strength) are stored temporarily during the program run time. The x-axis represents the retrospective time in minutes, and the y-axis the current output in relation to the set measured value. Any instrument fault occurring in the same period is recorded between the parallel lines below the trend diagrams.
Trend of the liquid level

Time in minutes Faults Trend of control threshold

Time in minutes Faults

11