1.

The three ways to transfer heat from one body to another (gas, liquid, solid, or combinations thereof) by means of radiation, convection, or conduction. Thermal equilibrium is a theoretical physical concept, used especially in theoretical texts, that means that all temperatures of interest are unchanging in time and uniform in space. The heat gained by the cold object compares to the heat lost by the hot object by the change in temperature of the normal room temperature. The temperature change is adjustment to the room temperature. 2. Specific heat is the heat capacity per unit mass of a material. Heat of fusion is the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a solid at its melting point into a liquid without an increase in temperature. Heat of vaporization is the energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance from a liquid into a gas at a given pressure. 3. First law of thermodynamics: Heat and work are forms of energy transfer. While energy is invariably conserved, the internal energy of a closed system changes as heat and work are transferred in or out of it. Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the first kind are impossible. Second law of thermodynamics: The entropy of any isolated system not in thermal equilibrium almost always increases. Isolated systems spontaneously evolve towards thermal equilibrium -- the state of maximum entropy of the system -- in a process known as "thermalization". Equivalently, perpetual motion machines of the second kind are impossible. 4. Heat is a form of energy and temperature is measurement of the energy that a material is releasing. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form shown below where c is the specific heat. The relationship does not apply if a phase change is encountered, because the heat added or removed during a phase change does not change the temperature. 5. A wave is a propagation of disturbances from place to place in a regular and organized way. Most familiar are surface waves that travel on water, but sound, light, and the motion of subatomic particles all exhibit wavelike properties. Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event, so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency. 6. The two main types of waves are longitudinal and transverse. Transverse wanes travel perpendicular to direction of travel while longitudinal travel parallel.Transverse doesn't need a medium while longitudinal do, transverse ex. light longitudinal ex. sound 7. w=fdcostheta w=mgh p=w/t You can have force because it is getting displaced but isn't ganing any evergy. Positive is going in the positive direction while negative is going in the opposite direction. You can increase power by cutting down the time. 8. GPE= gravitational potential energy KE= kinetic energy Comparing the GPE in the cliff and the KE at the bottom, they are equal. The amount of energy is always the same, but it just switches off from GPE and KE. 9. IMA= de/dr MA=Fr/Fe eff=wr/we x 100% The main purpose of a machine is to make our jobs easier and give us a mechanical advantage. 10. Reflection- bounces back off polarization- only vibrates in one direction refraction- bending of light due to a change in medium