Pathophysiology of Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease

Predisposing factors -Age -Gender Etiology Unknown Precipitating factor -High salt intake -Low potassium intake -High caffeine -High in cholesterol -Stress

Arterial baroreceptor system Aorta Aortic sinus Wall of left ventricle

Regulation of body fluid volume Excess sodium and H20 Total blood volume increases

Renin-angiotensin system Renin Produced plasma protein Angiotensin substrate

Monitor level of arterial pressure Rises through vagally mediated cardiac slowing Vasodilation Decrease sympathetic tone

Splits off angiotensin Removed by converting enzymes to the lungs

Baroreceptors reset Increase BP

Formation of angiotensin II and III

A A Angiotensin

Acts as vasoconstrictors

Aldosterone secretion

Na+, H20 retention

Increase potassium secretion

Increase plasma volume

edema

Increase BP Gastrointestinal tract CNS Muscles Cardiovascular system Kidneys

Anorexia Nausea Abdominal distention waste

lethargy Weakness Increase in standing BP Confusion Mental depression Diminished deep Flaccid paralysis ECG changes Tendon reflexes Weakness of respiratory muscles Respiratory arrest Myocardial damage

Anorexia Increase capacity to concentrate

H20 loss Thirst

 Kidney damage