POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Three Phase
Acknowledgement Professor Tom Overbye Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Balanced 3 Phase () Systems

A balanced 3 phase () system has

three voltage sources with equal magnitude, but with an angle shift of 120 equal loads on each phase equal impedance on the lines connecting the generators to the loads

Bulk power systems are almost exclusively 3 Single phase is used primarily only in low voltage, low power settings, such as residential and some commercial
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Balanced 3 -- No Neutral Current

I n = I a + Ib + Ic In = V (10 + 1 120 + 1120) = 0 Z * * * * S = Van I an + Vbn Ibn + Vcn I cn = 3 Van I an

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Advantages of 3 Power
Can transmit more power for same amount of wire (twice as much as single phase) Torque produced by 3 machines is constrant Three phase machines use less material for same power rating Three phase machines start more easily than single phase machines

Three Phase - Wye Connection

There are two ways to connect 3 systems

Wye (Y) Delta ()

Wye Connection Voltages Van Vbn Vcn = V = V 120 = V +120

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Wye Connection Line Voltages

Vca Vcn Vab -Vbn Vbn
V ab Vbc V ca

Van Vbc ( = 0 in this case)

= V an Vbn = V (1 1 + 120 ) = = = 3 V + 30 3 V 90 3 V + 150

Line to line voltages are also balanced

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Wye Connection, contd

Define voltage/current across/through device to be phase voltage/current Define voltage/current across/through lines to be line voltage/current

VLine = 3 VPhase 130 = 3 VPhase e I Line = I Phase S3

* = 3 VPhase I Phase

Delta Connection
For the Delta phase voltages equal line voltages
Ica Ib Ic

For currents Ia = I ab I ca = 3 I ab 30
Iab Ia

Ibc

I b = I bc I ab Ic = I ca I bc
* S3 = 3 VPhase I Phase
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Three Phase Example

Assume a -connected load is supplied from a 3 13.8 kV (L-L) source with Z = 10020 Vab = 13.80 kV Vbc = 13.8 120 kV Vca = 13.8120 kV I ab = I bc 13.80 kV = 138 20 amps 10020 I ca = 138100 amps = 138 140 amps
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Three Phase Example, contd

I a = I ab I ca = 138 20 138100 = 239 50 amps I b = 239 170 amps I c = 23970 amps
* S = 3 Vab I ab = 3 13.80kV 13820 amps

= 5.720 MVA = 5.37 + j1.95 MVA pf = cos 20 = 0.94 lagging

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Delta-Wye Transformation
To simplify analysis of balanced 3 systems: 1) -connected loads can be replaced by 1 Y-connected loads with ZY = Z 3 2) -connected sources can be replaced by V Y-connected sources with Vphase = Line 330

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Delta-Wye Transformation Proof

From the side we get Ia = Hence Vab Vca V Vca = ab Z Z Z Z = Vab Vca Ia
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Delta-Wye Transformation, contd

From the Y side we get Vab = ZY ( I a I b ) Since Hence Vca = ZY ( I c I a )

Vab Vca = ZY (2 I a I b I c ) Ia + I b + I c = 0 I a = I b I c Vab Vca = 3 ZY I a Vab Vca = Z Ia ZY = 1 Z 3

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3 ZY = Therefore

Three Phase Transmission Line

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Per Phase Analysis

Per phase analysis allows analysis of balanced 3 systems with the same effort as for a single phase system Balanced 3 Theorem: For a balanced 3 system with

All loads and sources Y connected No mutual Inductance between phases

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Per Phase Analysis, contd

Then

All neutrals are at the same potential All phases are COMPLETELY decoupled All system values are the same sequence as sources. The sequence order weve been using (phase b lags phase a and phase c lags phase a) is known as positive sequence; later in the course well discuss negative and zero sequence systems.

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Per Phase Analysis Procedure

To do per phase analysis Convert all load/sources to equivalent Ys Solve phase a independent of the other phases Total system power S = 3 Va Ia* If desired, phase b and c values can be determined by inspection (i.e., 120 degree phase shifts) If necessary, go back to original circuit to determine line-line values or internal values.
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1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

Per Phase Example

Assume a 3, Y-connected generator with Van = 10 volts supplies a -connected load with Z = -j through a transmission line with impedance of j0.1 per phase. The load is also connected to a -connected generator with Vab = 10 through a second transmission line which also has an impedance of j0.1 per phase. Find 1. The load voltage Vab 2. The total power supplied by each generator, SY and S
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Per Phase Example, contd

First convert the delta load and source to equivalent Y values and draw just the "a" phase circuit
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Per Phase Example, contd

To solve the circuit, write the KCL equation at a' (Va' 10)(10 j ) + Va' (3 j ) + (Va' 1 30)(10 j) = 0 3
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Per Phase Example, contd

To solve the circuit, write the KCL equation at a' 1 (Va' 10)(10 j ) + Va' (3 j ) + (Va' 30)(10 j) = 0 3 10 (10 j + 60) = Va' (10 j 3 j + 10 j ) 3 Va' = 0.9 10.9 volts Vc' = 0.9109.1 volts
' Vb = 0.9 130.9 volts ' Vab = 1.5619.1 volts

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Per Phase Example, contd

Sygen Va Va' * = 3Va I a = 3Va = 5.1 + j 3.5 VA j 0.1 Va' = 5.1 j 4.7 VA j 0.1
* *

" " Va Sgen = 3Va

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