ADBTA7566(REG):StrengtheningandUseofCountrySafeguardSystems

CountrySafeguardSystemsRegionalWorkshop:TowardsCommonApproachesandBetterResults ADBHeadquarters,Manila,Philippines ADB Headquarters Manila Philippines 1819April2012

ReformofLegalandRegulatoryFramework forInvoluntaryResettlementinMongolia f I l t R ttl ti M li

Dorjgotov Munkhbaatar DirectorGeneral,UrbanDevelopment&Land AffairsPolicyDepartment,MinistryofRoad,Transportation,Construction& UrbanDevelopmentofMongolia(dm_baatar@yahoo.com) Batbileg Chinzorig TeamLeader,ReformofLegal&RegulatoryFramework forInvoluntaryResettlementinMongolia(chinzorig@mongol.net)
The views in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian f f f Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the government they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.

CONTENT
1.Background 2.EminentDomain&ConstitutionalPrinciples 2 Eminent Domain & Constitutional Principles 3.Concepts&Principles 4.Purposesforlandacquisition 4 P f l d i iti 5.Publicneed&Urbanredevelopment 6.DraftLARCLaw f 7.Challenges 8.Wayforward

Background g
Social and economic Socialandeconomic
Rapidsocioeconomicchange,development St t l l State,localspecialneedsandpublicneed i l d d bli d
Needforlandexpropriation

Background
Legal
Lackofregulationstoenforceeminentdomain L k f Lackofprotectionoftheaffectedpersons i f h ff d Groundsforlandacquisitionundereminentdomain notdefined t d fi d

Background
Legal g
Uncertaintyofthelandacquisitionprocess Compensation and valuation not addressed by law Compensationandvaluation notaddressedbylaw Rehabilitation,relocationandtransitionmeasuresare lacking Nosocialsafeguards,includingforthepoorand vulnerable

EminentDomain&ConstitutionalPrinciples p
Eminent Domain EminentDomain
Theinherentpowerofagovernmentalentitytotake privatelyownedproperty,esp.land,andconvertitto privately owned property esp land and convert it to publicuse,subjecttoreasonablecompensationforthe taking
Source:BlacksLawDictionary,Ninthedition,BryanA.Garner,EditorinChief.

EminentDomain&ConstitutionalPrinciples p
TheConstitutionofMongoliastates:
TheStateshallhavetherighttoholdresponsibletheland ownersinconnectionwiththemannerthelandisused,to exchangeortakeitoverwithcompensationonthegroundsof exchange or take it over with compensation on the grounds of specialpublicneed,orconfiscatethelandifitisusedina manneradversetothehealthofthepopulation,theinterests ofenvironmentalprotectionandnationalsecurity(Chapter f i t l t ti d ti l it (Ch t One,ArticleSix,ClauseFour), If the State and its bodies appropriate private property on IftheStateanditsbodiesappropriateprivatepropertyon thebasisofexclusivepublicneed,theyshalldosowithdue compensationandpayment(ChapterTwo,ArticleSixteen, ClauseThree),
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EminentDomain&ConstitutionalPrinciples
TheConstitutionofMongoliastates:
theStaterecognizesallformsofbothpublicandprivate propertyandshallprotecttherightsoftheownerbylaw (Chapterone,ArticleFive,ClauseTwo), ( h i l i l ) theowner`srightsshallbelimitedexclusivelybydueprocess oflaw(ChapterOne,ArticleFive,ClauseThree) f l (Ch t O A ti l Fi Cl Th ) therighttoahealthyandsafeenvironment,andtobe protectedagainstenvironmentalpollutionandecological protected against environmental pollution and ecological imbalance(ChapterTwo,ArticleSixteen,ClauseTwo)

Concepts&Principles
Concepts
introduceeminentdomainbutprotecttherightsofthe affectedpersons firstnegotiationandagreement,ifitfailsexpropriation providejustcompensation+rehabilitation,relocation, transitionalassistances
Compensationbasedontheprinciplesofreplacementcost

Concepts&Principles
Concepts
provideadditionalsocialwelfaremeasuresforvulnerable integrate international social safeguard principles and integrateinternationalsocialsafeguardprinciplesand standards refine state and local special needs refinestateandlocalspecialneeds introducepublicneeds
specialcase urbanredevelopment p p

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Concepts&Principles
Concepts
applicableforurbanandruralareas clarityintheresponsibilitiesandprocesses newschemeforfinancingofLARactivities baseonexistinggovernmentalinstitutional&functional structure
administration,stateinspection,nationalauditing,courtdecision enforcement

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Concepts&Principles
Concepts
publicprivatepartnership
privatesectorcanimplementLandAcquisitionandResettlement Plan,butnotexpropriation privatesectortosupportwithexpertiseonvaluation,SIAetc.

alternative dispute resolution mechanism alternativedisputeresolutionmechanism

MediationCouncil

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Concepts&Principles
Principles
main principles Constitutional provisions mainprinciples Constitutionalprovisions avoid,minimize justificationforlandacquisition tobewelldefinedand j q substantiated affectedentity cannotrefuselandacquisition negotiationandagreement compensationbasedonreplacementcost provision of information participation openness provisionofinformation,participation,openness activitiestobeimplementedbythegovernmententity, someactivities privatesector p
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Concepts&Principles
Principles
expropriation lastresort expropriation onlybygovernmententity affectedentitysland,housing,livelihood,incomenot worseoff affectedvulnerableentity l d h ff d l bl land,housing,livelihood l lh d betteroff Costs to be born from the development activity project Coststobebornfromthedevelopment,activity,project budget

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Purposesforlandacquisition
State,localspecialneed
LandLawspecifiesstate,localspecialneeds someoftheseareincludedinthislaw some of these are included in this law

Publicneed
new definition closely tied with the provisions in this law newdefinition,closelytiedwiththeprovisionsinthislaw

Urbanredevelopment
newdefinition,closelytiedwiththeprovisionsinthislaw d fi iti l l ti d ith th ii i thi l

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Publicneed&Urbanredevelopment
Public need Publicneed
public need" means activity, infrastructure, buildings & facilities that are necessarily required for the interest need interest, and safety of the public; and activities of importance to national security, national and regional economic and social development

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Publicneed&Urbanredevelopment p
Urbanredevelopment p
Replanninganddevelopmentofurbanbuiltupareas Rebuildingofbuildingsandstructuresthatdonotmeetsafety standards Ger*arealandreadjustment Gerarealandacquisitionanddevelopment

*Gerarea anareawith,mostly,woodenfencesaroundthewooden/brick housesorgersmongolian traditionalmoveabledwellings,consistingof woodenstructurefeltcoveredwallsandroofs,andwhichdoesnothave infrastructuresuchasfreshwater,sewageandheatingsystem. infrastructure such as fresh water sewage and heating system
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DraftLARCLaw
6Chaptersand47articles
I. General provision Generalprovision II. Entityaffectedbylandacquisition,itsrightsand duties III. Rightsanddutiesoforganizationsresponsibleforthe LARissue/Parliament, Cabinet,MRTCUD,ALACGaC, landoffices,MediationCouncil,Representative land offices, Mediation Council, Representative Organizationofaffectedentities/ IV. Landacquisitionandresettlementactivities V. RegulationforLandexpropriation VI. Miscellaneous

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DraftLARCLaw
SomekeylegaldefinitionsinLARC
EntityaffectedbyLandacquisition Entity affected by Land acquisition LandAcquisition&Landexpropriation p Stateandlocalspecialneeds Publicneed Development,projectandactivity Replacementvalue l l Compensation /compensation+relocation,transitionand rehabilitationassistance/ MediationCouncil Cutoffdate
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DraftLARCLaw
Issuestobeconsidered
Theveryfirstdraftforthepublic Forcriticisms,recommendationsandcomments Lackofresearchforlandacquisitionactivitiesinruralarea /relatedtomining,infrastructure,pasture,agriculture/ Public and Private Partnership PublicandPrivatePartnership Compensation,itsvaluation Supportsandassistances Suppo ts a d ass sta ces

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DraftLARCLaw Draft LARC Law

Securebalance Secure balance /State & people/ &people/
collectivedecisionmaking/Parliament, Cabinet,Citizens representativeorganizations/,differentcomparedtoland allocationprinciple allocation principle Representativeorganization&MediationCouncil Somemotivationmethodsandtheirapplications pp Developmentprojectanditssupportersandopponents Courtrole Fi Financingcompensation i i PropertyValuation/basedoncurrentmodel/ Cute off date regulation Cuteoffdateregulation
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DraftLARCLaw Draft LARC Law

MainstagesofLARC Main stages of LARC
I. II. III. IV. IV PreparationLARC /preliminaryassessment,decision/ ImplementationLARC / l i C /LARCplan/ C l / Resettlement/afteragreement/ Failuretoreachagreement,landexpropriation/under Failure to reach agreement land expropriation /under administrativeandifnecessaryjudicialprocedures/

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DraftLARCLaw
MainStages
Preparation
initiate development project Preliminary assessmentof f LARC Landacquisition decision developLARC plan

Implementation
ApprovedLARC d plan define d fi p compensation Negotiation & g agreement issue compensation p transferproperty rights

Resettlement
Resettlement secure participationof affectedpersons ff t d forplanning issuerest compensation p support livelihood livelihood
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DraftLARCLaw
Landexpropriation&forcedeviction
Ad i i Administrativelandexpropriation i l d i i
decisiontolandexpropriation /requestedbyLARC implementer/ Decisionmadebyentities,whoapproveddevelopmentproject /exceptionforParliament/ Make room for citizens to move voluntarily/notice of decision/ Makeroomforcitizenstomovevoluntarily/noticeofdecision/

Judiciallandexpropriation/forcedeviction/
LARC implementer court LARCimplementer CarriedoutbyCourtdecisionenforcementagency exceptionforwinterseason
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DraftLARCLaw Draft LARC Law

Secondarylegislation y g
RegulationforestablishingMediationCouncilandits operationalrule/Government,in16.1.4ofdraft/ RegulationforconductingpreliminaryassessmentofLARC /Governmentin16.1.5 ofdraftlaw/ RegulationfordraftingLARCplan/Government,in16.1.6 draft law /

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DraftLARCLaw Draft LARC Law

Secondarylegislation
Regulationforregulatingaffairsrelatedtotheentity,whois usinglandwithoutpermission/Governmentin16.1.7 draft law / Methodologyforvaluationofcompensationandother assistanceandsupporttobeprovidedinconnectionwithLAR assistance and support to be provided in connection with LAR activity(MRTCUD,MinistryofFinancein17.1.2 ofdraft) p , g g ; Templatesofdocument,agreementandgrievance;and relevantguidelines(ALACGaC,in 18.3.4 ofdraftlaw)

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DraftLARCLaw Draft LARC Law

Harmonizationwithotherlaws Harmonization with other laws
Propertyregistrationlaw
Onlybasedonwrittenpermissionofownership,his/her y p p, / propertyregistrationownershipinformationcanbeprovidedto otherparty Issue of land departmentsrequesttomakeaentrytoproperty Issueoflanddepartments request to make a entry to property registration /with&withoutownerspermission/

Lawoncourtdecisionenforcement/theimplementationissue ofcourtdecisionforlandexpropriation Otherissues

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Challenges
Involvementoftherelevantgovernmentstakeholders g Createcommonunderstanding Distinguishthepublicneedandurbanredevelopment Reachconsensus Needforthelegislation,howeverqualityneedstime Needforsimplifiedversionofthedraftlaw Secondarylegislation needforsupport Suggestedlegislation impactassessment Suggested legislation impact assessment Capacitybuilding institutionsandtheirstaff

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Thewayforward The way forward

ConceptandIntroductionpaper Explanatorynotestothedraftlaw Descriptionofthedraftlawbasedexistingandtobecases Clarificationsofthedraftlawprovisionbyprovision Cl ifi ti f th d ft l ii b ii Outlineofthesecondarylegislation Inform,discusswithandinvolvestakeholders , RevisethedraftLARClaw Assessthecurrentcapacity&preparethecapacity developmentplan de elopment plan FinalizethedraftLARClawforsubmissiontotheGovernment

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Thankyouforyourattention Thank you for your attention

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