Section-4(Business, Economic & Marketing Aptitude)

CEO OF VARIOUS COMPANIES N.R. Narayana Murthy Ratan Tata Mukesh Ambani Nandan M Nilekani Azim Hasham Premji Anil Ambani Vijay Mallya Sunil Mittal K.V. Kamath Kumar Mangalam Birla Rahul Bajaj Rajiv Bajaj S Ramadorai Chanda Kochhar G.R. Gopinath Deepak S Parikh Jagdish Kattar Anand G Mahindra Naresh Goyal Adi B Godrej Subhash Chandra Brij Mohan Lall Munjal Naina Lal Kidwai Sameer Nair A.M. Naik Shiv Nadar Y.V. Reddy Uday Kotak O.P. Bhatt B Ramalinga Raju K Anji Reddy Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw Gautam Singhania B Muthuraman Rajeev Bakshi Kishore Biyani A.K.Sinha Yogesh C Deveshwar Venu Srinivasam Suresh Krishna Renuka Ramnath Asim Gosh Infosys Technologies Tata Group Reliance Industries Infosys Technologies Wipro Reliance ADAG UB Group Bharti Enterprises ICICI Bank AV Birla Group Bajaj Auto Bajaj Auto TCS ICICI Bank Air Deccan HDFC Maruti Udyog Mahindra & Mahindra Jet Airways Godrej Group Zee Telefilms Hero Group HSBC India Start TV India Larsen & Toubro HCL Technologies Reserve Bank of India Kotak Mahindra Bank State Bank of India Satyam Computers Dr Reddys Lab Biocon Raymonds Tata Steel PepsiCo India Pantaloon Retail BSNL ITC TVS Motors Sundaram Fastners ICICI Ventures Hutch

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Sanjay Nayar Shankar Annaswamy Malvinder Singh M Damodaran S.P.Hinduja Ravi Venkatesan Aditya Puri Karsanbhai Patel Citigroup India IBM Ranbaxy SEBI Hinduja Group Microsoft India HDFC Bank Nirma

THE BRAND PUNCHLINES 1. AMAZON.COM Earths Biggest Bookstore 2. TIMESJOBS.COM If you have a reason, we have the job 3. BLOGGER.COM Push Button Publishing 4. MRF Tyres with Muscle 5. CEAT Born Tough 6. EBAY The Worlds Online Market Place 7. Microsoft Where Do You Want to Go Today ; Your Potential Our Passion 8. Windows XP Do More with Less 9. HP-Invent Everything is Possible 10. Accenture High Performance. Delivered 11. SKODA Obsessed with Quality since 1897. 12. VOLKSWAGEN Drivers wanted 13. FIAT Driven by Passion 14. TATA MOTORS Even More Car per Car 15. IBM I think, therefore IBM. 16. Dell Easy as DELL. 17. Intel Intel inside. 18. LEE The jeans that built America

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19. Master card There are some things money cant buy. 20. Kotak Think Investments. Think Kotak. 21. Sun Microsystems The Network is the Computer 22. Ernst and Young Quality in Everything we Do 23. Standard Chartered Bank Your Right Partner 24. CNBC Profit from it 25. AT&T The Worlds Networking Company 26. Monster.com Never Settle 27. Jet Airways The Joy of Flying 28. Lufthansa Theres no better to fly 29. British airways The Way to Fly. 30. Air Canada A breath of Fresh Air 31. Sahara Emotionally yours. 32. Malaysian Airlines Going Beyond Expectations 33. Kingfisher Airlines Fly the good times 34. Exxon Mobil Taking on the Worlds Toughest Energy Challenges 35. Chevron Corporation Human Energy 36. Reliance industries Limited Growth is Life 37. British Petroleum Beyond Petroleum 38. ONGC Making Tomorrow Brighter 39. IOCL Bringing Energy to Life 40. BPCL Pure for Sure 41. IBP Pure bhi. Poora bhi 42. GAIL Gas and Beyond 43. Essar corp A positive a++itude

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44. Speed High Performance Petrol 45. Servo 100 % Performance. Everytime. 46. NDTV Profit News you can Use. 47. Toyota Innova All you Desire. 48. Star Sports We know your game 49. IBM ON DEMAND 50. LENOVO We are building a new technology company. 51. Apple Macintosh Think Different. 52. TCS Beyond the Obvious 53. Infosys Powered by Intellect, Driven by Values; Improve your odds with Infosys Predictability 54. WIPRO Applying Thought 55. Adobe Simplicity at work. Better by adobe. 57. FORD Built for the Road Ahead 58. GM Only GM. 59. BMW The Ultimate Driving Machine 60. TOYOTA Touch The Perfection 61. HYUNDAI Drive Your Way 62. HONDA The Power of Dreams 63. FORD Built for the Road Ahead 64. DAIMLER CHRYSLER The Future of Automobile 65. BMW The Ultimate Driving Machine 66. AUDI Vorsprung Durch Technik 67. TOYOTA Touch The Perfection 68. HYUNDAI Drive Your Way 69. HONDA The Power of Dreams

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71. VOLKSWAGEN Drivers wanted 72. JAGUAR Born to Perform 73. LEXUS The Pursuit of Perfection 74. Computer Associates The software that powers the E Business 75. CSC Experience. Results. 76. EMC Where Information Lives. 77. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company or Metlife Have You Met Life Today 78. Allianz Group The Power on your side 79. Prudential Insurance Company Growing and Protecting your wealth 80. AIG Insurance We know Money 81. LIC Trust thy name is ---82. AXA UK Be Life Confident 83. Allstate Insurance Company You are in good hands 84. Max NewYork Life Insurance Your Partner for life 85. Standard Insurance Company Limited Positively Different. 87. Bank of Baroda India's International Bank 88. Union Bank of India Good People to Bank with 89. Bank of America Higher Standards 90. UBS You and Us 91. CITIGROUP or CITIBANK The Citi Never Sleep 92. Lehman Brothers Where Vision Gets Built 93. HSBC The World's Local Bank 94. Deutsche Bank A Passion to Perform 95. ABN AMRO Bank Making More Possible 96. BUSINESS INDIA The Magazine of the Corporate World

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97. BUSINESS TODAY For Managing Tomorrow 100. BUSINESS WORLD Play the Game 101. The Indian EXPRESS Journalism of Courage 102. THE ECONOMIC TIMES The Power of Knowledge 103. HINDUSTAN TIMES The Name India trusts for News 127. LG Digitally Yours 128. Sify Making the Internet work for you 129. Voltas ACs with IQ 130. Alcatel Architect of an Internat World 131. Cathy Pacific Airlines The Heart of Asia 133. Canon Delighting You Always 134. The Economic Times The Power of Knowledge 135. Cell One The One for Everyone 136. Cantabill International Clothing 137. Dolphin The Affordable Network Service 138. SBI With You all the Way 139. Amway Better Ideas-Better Life 140. MTNL Transparency makes us Different 141. SOTC You Look the World, We Look After You 142. ABN AMRO Making More Possible 143. Business Today For managing Tomarrow 144. Nokia Connecting People 145. ITC Enduring Value 146. IFFCO TOKIO The Life You Desire

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147. Epson Exceed Your Vision 148. Park Avenue Play the Lead 149. British Airways The World is Waiting 150. DIGJAM Dressing the World 151. CNN Be the First to Know 153. Sun Microsystem The Network is the Computer 154. TATA Indicom Business Without Limits 155. Amkette When Reliability Matters 157. Motorola Intelligence Everywhere 158. SONY Like. No. Other. 159. SAMSUNG Everyone's Invited or Its hard to Imagine 160. LG Life's Good 161. VIDEOCON The Indian Multinational 162. SANSUI Born in Japan Entertaining The World 163. HAIER Inspired Living 164. PHILLIPS Sense and Simplicity 165. JVC The Perfect Experience 166. TOSHIBA Choose Freedom

Key Business Terminologies

Commodity Any saleable item in commerce or trade which has a value attached to it, is termed as a commodity. Comparative Advantage When a country specializes in products that it can produce at a lower cost than another country and can trade them to get products which it can only produce at a higher cost than that another country, then the former country has a comparative advantage to the latter.

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Concentrated Industry An industry in which a few large companies dominate the manufacturing and sale of a given product line, such as automobiles is termed as a concentrated industry. Conglomerate A big business comprising several product lines and unrelated industries is termed as a conglomerate. Consumer Goods Products used to meet immediate consumer demands, rather than being used for further productive purposes is called consumer goods. Consumer Price Index A measure of the cost of living as tabulated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics based on the actual retail prices of a wide variety of consumer goods and services at a given time and compared to a base period which is changed from time to time. Cost-Benefit Analysis Measurement of costs of a specific procedure, program, product or service in terms of the benefits it will yield against the cost, is termed as cost-benefit analysis. CostPush Inflation An increase in price level in the economy stemming from an increase in cost of production rather than an increase in demand is termed as cost-push inflation. Debenture A debenture is usually a written secured or unsecured promise to pay, issued by a company or government. Deficit Financing A situation in which government spending exceeds government income, with the difference covered by borrowing Economic Profit The profit after all implicit and explicit costs of production and operation are paid, taking into account alternative uses the resources applied to a business. Economies of Scale An increase in the factors of production, as in market production resulting in a proportionate greater increase in productivity output per unit of production is termed as economies of scale. Entrepreneur A person who assumes the risk and responsibility attached with starting and operating a business is called an entrepreneur. Equity Partnership A limited partnership arrangement for providing start-up and seed capital to a business for its operations. Exchange Rate

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The price that a country must pay to exchange its currency with the currency of another nation is termed as exchange rate of that country. Factors of Production The resources like land, labor capital and enterprise, necessary for the production of goods and services are called factors of production. Free Trade Zone A port designated by the government of a country for dutyfree entry of any non-prohibited goods. Merchandise can be stored, displayed, etc., within the zone and re-exported without duties being paid. Duties are paid only when the goods pass from the zone into the area of the country subject to the customs authority. Fringe Benefit Any variety of indirect, non-cash benefits provided to employees by employers in addition to regular wage or salary compensation is called fringe benefit. Fringe Benefit Tax The tax paid by the employer or his company on the benefits offered to the employees, is termed as fringe benefit tax. Oligopoly An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers who are called oligopolists. Patent A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee (the inventor or assignee) for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, and useful or industrially applicable. Private Enterprise A system in which means of production are owned and operated by an individual or a group of individuals or privately owned organizations for the purpose of making profits, as opposed to government owned and controlled corporations, is termed as a private enterprise. Real Income Real Income refers to the amount of money earned by an individual during a period of time, with which he/she can buy goods and services. Recession Recession refers to a period in the economy, when the economic activity witnesses an overall decline in production and employment. Speculation The act of putting money into some security or company or scheme with the hope of quick, sizeable profit; usually involves a significant degree of risk. Stocks

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In financial markets, stock is the capital raised by a corporation through the issuance and distribution of shares. Stock Market A stock market is a market for the trading of a companys stock, and derivatives of the same; both of these comprise securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those which are only traded privately. Subsidy Subsidy is a kind of government assistance to a company in the form of grant, tax break, or trade barrier to encourage production or purchase of the goods.

Business and Economic Abbreviations

ER & DC : Electronic Research and Development Centre ESOP : Employee Stock Ownership Plan FDI : Foreign Direct Investment FICCI : Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry FII : Foreign Institutional Investor GATT : General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDP : Gross Domestic Product GDR : Global Depository Receipt GNP : Gross National Product ICRA : Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India IDBI : Industrial Development Bank of India IFC : Industrial Finance Corporation; International Finance Corporation IPO : Initial Public Offering IRR : Internal Rate of Return JIT : Just In Time JV : Joint Venture KPI : Key Performance Indicators LIBOR : London Inter-bank Offered Rate LIC : Life Insurance Corporation of India LIFO : Last In, First Out M1 : Money supply with public M2 : M1 + time related deposits + savings deposits, money market funds. M3 : Aggregate monetary resources MNC : Multi National Corporation MOU : Memorandum of Understanding MSCI : Morgan Stanley Capital International NABARD : National Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development
Business and Economic Terms-India ACP Ad valorem AD,A-D African, Caribbean and Pacific Group (Lom Convention and Cotonu Agreement). Value added. An example of an ad valorem tax would be VAT. Anti-dumping measures.

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Advances AFTA Amortization AMS APEC Appreciation Arbitrage ASEAN ATC Average pricing cost Loans given by financial institutions and others. ASEAN Free Trade Area. Writing down the value of an asset in a company's books to reflect its loss of value through age and use. Called depreciation in the UK. Amortization is also an accounting term to pay off a loan in gradual increments. Aggregate measurement of support (agriculture). Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation An increase in the value of an asset like land or stock. Movements of funds to take advantage of differences in exchange or interest rates, and this quickly eliminates any such differences. Association of Southeast Asian Nations. Agreement on Textiles and Clothing. Setting price equal to average cost.

Average propensity The proportion of disposable income spent to consume Backward integration Balance payments Balance of trade Barter Birth rate Black economy Black markets Bonds Break-even Bretton system Bull market Buyer's market Call option Call rates Capital gains CBD Woods Occurs when a company joins with a firm that is involved at an earlier stage of the production chain. Statement of a country's net financial transactions with other countries. Current of account measures balance of imports and exports and payments and receipts for services such as shipping, banking and tourism. Capital account measures movements of capital (bank deposits, securities, shares, property). The difference between the value of visible exports and visible imports The direct exchange of goods and services without the use of money. The number of live births per thousand of the population in a year. Unrecorded wealth and production. Created when buyers and sellers meet to negotiate the exchange of a prohibited or illegal good. More generally any unofficial market in which prices are inordinately high. Certificate of debt issued to raise funds. It normally has a fixed rate of interest and is repayable at a fixed date. See also convertible bonds, mortgage-backed securities. When a firm's short-run total revenue equals its short-run total cost An arrangement of fixed exchange rates which operated between 1945 and 1971. Period of rising share prices; an optimistic state of affairs; the opposite of a bear market. The quantity of goods for sale exceeds the amount consumers are willing and able to buy at the current market price; characterized by low prices The right but not the obligation to buy a security at a specified price at a specified date in the future. The interest rate on money loaned overnight. Also known as the overnight rate. Widely used measure of money marketrates. The difference between the sale and purchase price of an asset Convention on Biological Diversity

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CCC CER Ceteris paribus Closed economy Collusion COMESA Complementary goods Consumer surplus Consumer's index (former) Customs Co-operation Council (now WCO) [Australia New Zealand] Closer Economic Relations [TradeAgreement] (also ANCERTA) All other influencing factors are held constant. An economy which does not engage in international trade. Agreements between firms to restrict competition Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa Two goods consumed at the same time, e.g. cars and petrol This occurs when people are able to buy a good for less than they would be willing to pay. They enjoy more utility than they had to pay for.

price Measure of the change in the cost of consumer goods and services. It is used as an indicator of a nation's inflation rate.

Corporation tax A tax on a corporate entitys profits. (Corporate Tax) Cost analysis benefit A method of assessing investment projects which takes into account social costs and benefits. The general level of prices in the economy, usually measured by the retail price index. Setting prices by adding a profit margin to average cost. When a cost of production (e.g. wages) increases and firms put up prices to maintain profits. The ability of the banking sector to create money by giving advances. A decline in private sector spending resulting from a rise in public sector expenditure. Committee on Trade and Development Committee on Trade and Environment A record of a country's earnings from the sale of visible and invisible items minus its expenditure on visible and invisible items from abroad. When a country spends more on visible and invisible items from abroad than it earns from the sale of visible and invisible items. Usually taken to mean the current account of the balance of payments. Countervailing duty (subsidies)

Cost of living Cost plus pricing Cost push inflation Credit creation Crowding out CTD CTE Current accountbalance Current account deficit Current account CVD

Businessand Economic Terms-India DDA Death rate Debentures Demand curve Demand pull inflation Demand-pull inflation De-merging Doha Development Agenda The number of deaths per thousand of the population in a year. Long-term fixed interest loans obtained by companies. A graph which shows the amount of good and/or services that consumers are willing and able to buy at various prices. Occurs when aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply. This occurs when the excess of aggregate demand over aggregate supply causes an increase in the general level of prices. One company splits up to form two new firms. These new firms are frequently

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companies which used to be separate prior to the initial merger. Depreciation of sterling Deregulation Devaluation Developed countries Developing countries Direct taxation Discounting Disequilibrium Double counting DSB DSU Dumping Earnings per share When market forces lower the value of the sterling () from one fixed rate to another. The removal of controls on a particular market, e.g. abandonment of a licensing system for taxis. Occurs when the Government lowers the value of its currency from one fixed rate to another. Countries with high levels of real national income per head and relatively large tertiary sectors. Countries with low levels of real national income per head and relatively large primary sectors. Taxes on income and wealth. Future costs and benefits are difficult to measure. The present value (P) of future benefits less costs is found by discounting. A state of imbalance in which there is tendency for change. Including transfer payments, intermediate expenditures or outputs and stock appreciation in national accounts. Dispute Settlement Body Dispute Settlement Understanding The sale of goods in a foreign country at a price below what cost in the home market. Net income of a company; net of preferred dividends divided by a weighted average of total shares outstanding for the period. One of the most widely watched indicators of the profitability of a company. European Communities and Business A reduction in long-run unit costs which arise form an increase in production. European Free Trade Association The responsiveness of demand to a given change in price or income. The responsiveness of supply to a given change in price. A curve showing the relationship between income and consumption. European Union (officially European Communities in WTO

EC Economic Terms

Economies of scale EFTA Elasticity of demand Elasticity of supply Engel curve EU

Exchange rate mechanism A system operated by some members of the European Union where the Central (ERM) Banks of members intervene to stabilize the exchange rate of currencies within agreed limits. Exchange rate Factor cost Factor incomes FAO The price of one currency in terms of another currency. More generally, the price at which any good is being traded for another good. The value of output measured in terms of the cost of the factors of production used to produce it. Rewards to the factors of production, e.g. labor receives wages. Food and Agriculture Organization

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Fisher`s quantity theory The view that changes in the money supply have a direct and proportionate effect on of the price level. money Forward market A market in forward contracts of a commodity or currency, which are agreements to buy or sell the commodity or currency at a future date. The contracts are not negotiable. A good in unlimited supply at zero price, e.g. air A group of countries which removes tariff barriers between member countries but allows each member to decide on its own tariff policy towards non-members.

Free goods Free trade area/zone

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