Solution Final 8 October 2008 File Name 26334.pdf Question 1 What is BSS?

A collection of stations (a cell) competing for access to a shared wireless medium. A BSS is isolated or connected to the backbone DS through an AP. 5 example Mobile And Wireless Application? Rich Voice Services: VoIP, video telephony, video-conference, collaborative work Location-based services: car navigation, maps, product and service finder Machine-to-Machine: sensor modes in products and electronic devices and home appliances Mobile Internet Access: e-mail, file transfer, streaming video/audio, Internet browsing Multimedia Messaging: e-mail, instant messaging, video messaging, telemetry Difference Between WPAN, WLAN, WWAN? Range Connectivity WPAN 10m WLAN 100m WWAN 10km and More Question 2 WWAN can be categorized into 3 type of network. 1. Cellular Network 2. Paging Network 3. Satellite System Briefly explain Asynchronous Connectionless Link (ACL) Used in slots that are not reserved for SCO links (packet-switching) These slots can be used by the master to broadcast packets Master scheduling (polling) Asynchronous, can be asymmetric Suggest 3 of End User WLAN Adaptors. Wireless LAN adaptors Implemented as PC Cards in notebook computers ISA/PCI adaptors (Industry Standard Architecture/Peripheral Component Interconnect) Implemented in desktop computers Fully integrated devices Within hand-held computers Question 3 Define Mobile Switching Center? Contains the equipment for transmitting and receiving of radio signals (transceivers), antennas, and equipment for encrypting and decrypting communications with the Base Station Controller (BSC). 6 function of SGSN 1. Responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area. 2. Packet routing and transfer, 3. Mobility management (attach/detach and location management), 4. Logical link management 5. Authentication and charging functions. 6. The location register of the SGSN stores location information (e.g., current cell, current VLR) and user profiles (e.g., address(es) used in the packet data network) of all GPRS users registered with this SGSN. Why do you think HomeRf is not as popular as Bluetooth? HomeRf Incompatible with WiFi equipment. Users need to buy special access cards instead of reusing the office 802.11b WLAN access cards Bluetooth A short-range communications technology intended to replace the cables connecting portable and/or fixed devices while maintaining high levels of security. And It is cheap. Question 4 Define a Visitor Location Register (VLR) A database which stores information about all the mobiles that are currently connected under the jurisdiction of the MSC. 5 example Mobile Application Platforms. Rich Voice Services Location-based services Machine-to-Machine Mobile Internet Access Multimedia Messaging

3 difference between 1G and 2G systems. Digital traffic channels first-generation systems are almost purely analog; second-generation systems are digital Encryption all second generation systems provide encryption to prevent eavesdropping Error detection and correction second-generation digital traffic allows for detection and correction, giving clear voice reception Question 5 Define Extended service set (ESS)? 2 or more BSSs interconnected by Distribution system. Briefly describe Coherent/Directed Beam infrared Generated by a LD for short line-of-sight connections. The beam of light must be focused on the receiver Unsuitable for use in mobile equipment. Suggest 5 challenge that you could face while working in a wireless environment. Difficult media Interference and noise Quality varies over space and time Shared with unwanted 802.11 devices Shared with non-802 devices (unlicensed spectrum, microwave ovens) No assumption of full connectivity Hidden node problem Exposed Node problem Multiple international regulatory requirements Mobility Variation in link reliability Battery usage: requires power management Seamless connections are desired Security No physical boundaries Overlapping LANs Question 6 What is a Scatternet? Devices can participate in multiple piconets simultaneously, creating a scatternet A device can only be the master of one piconet at a time A device may serve as master in one piconet and slave in another A device may serve as slave in multiple piconets 4 key difference WLAN and WPAN, Coverage WLAN technologies ( 100m) provide longer range than WPAN technologies (10m) Data Rates WPAN has lower data rates than WLAN. The peak data rate of Bluetooth is 1-2 Mbps vs. 54Mbps for 802.11b Power consumption WPAN technologies look for low-cost, low-power solutions while WLAN looks for Speed Life Span WPAN networks cannot exist without a master vs. WLAN which exists independently (can support peer-to-peer) Question 7 Technology that similar to 802.11a? ETSI HiperLan 2 Joining a Network. Complete the diagram. 1. Scanning 2. Authentication 3. Association 4. Reassociation 5 weakness iRLan? Transmitters of higher power are required but are limited by eye safety concerns. In an enclosed area such as a room, flat surfaces will reflect the signal although there will be some signal loss. After several reflections, the signal will become too weak to allow reception. The signal to noise (S/N) ratio determines how well a signal can be received. Ambient lighting, both sunlight and artificial incandescent light, creates background noise. Other sources of interference can be heaters, water vapor and particulate contamination (dust) in the air.