ABSTRACT

Pither Palamba. Thermoeconomic Analysis and Optimization of the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) - 2 in Papua. (Supervised by Yusuf Siahaya and Effendy
Arif).

The research on thermoeconomics and optimization of the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) 2 Papua aims to: 1) calculate the energy and exergy balance of the power plant that generates electrical power of 2 X 10 MW with the low grade coal, the total capital investment, fuel cost, operation and maintenance costs, product and operational costs, the exergoeconomic variables of each component and the overall system; and 2) evaluate and optimize the total capital investment of the plant. The analysis is based on the specification and thermal design data as well as some supporting data related to fuel and economic calculation with the existing formulation based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The result of the analysis is then evaluated in order to obtain the thermoeconomic optimization. The result shows that the energy generated from burning coal is 53.42 MW with the system efficiency of 28.17% while by exergy calculation is 27.68 MW with the system efficiency of 53.97%. Total exergy destruction is 15.54 MW: the largest is in the boiler 59.75%, in the turbine is 34.12% and in the condenser is only 0.26%. The total capital investment (TCI) for construction and operation is $35.891 x106 and the levelized electricity unit cost (MPUC) for a period of 20 years is $0.08463/kWh. The largest rate of costs associated with capital investment and operation and maintenance is in the boiler ($627.66/h), in the condenser ($330.81/h) and in the turbine ($150.25/h). Thermoeconomics variables especially the relative cost difference (r) affect the rate of total production cost are rBL = 84.20%, rST = 83.97% and rCON = 27.84% respectively. The component that require special attention especially for the thermoeconomics optimization is the boiler with the optimal variables are kOPT = 86.69%, Z kOPT = 11.62%, rkOPT =23.82% and f = 35.52% respectively. The optimization can reduce the rate of total production costs of $197.92/h (7.30%) for 20 years operation.
OPT k

Keywords:

Energy, exergy, engineering economic, thermoeconomic, optimization.

ABSTRAK
Pither Palamba. Analisis Termoekonomi dan Optimasi Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) - 2 Papua. (Dibimbing oleh Yusuf Siahaya dan Effendy Arif). Penelitian tentang termoekonomi dan optimasi Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap (PLTU) - 2 Papua bertujuan untuk menghitung kesetimbangan energi dan eksergi pada sistem dengan daya 2 X 10 MW dengan bahan bakar batubara mutu rendah, total modal investasi, biaya bahan bakar, biaya operasi dan perawatan, biaya produk dan operasional, variabel-variabel biaya eksergoekonomi setiap komponen dan sistem serta mengevaluasi dan mengoptimasi total modal investasi sistem pembangkit. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan data spesifikasi dan desain termal serta beberapa data pendukung yang berkaitan dengan bahan bakar dan perhitungan ekonomi dengan formulasi yang ada berdasarkan hukum pertama dan kedua termodinamika. Hasil perhitungan kemudian dievaluasi guna kepentingan optimasi termoekonomi. Energi yang dibangkitkan dari pembakaran batubara adalah 53,42MW dengan efisiensi siklus 28,17% sedangkan perhitungan eksergi sebesar 27,68 MW dengan efisiensi siklus 53,97%. Jumlah eksergi destruksi sebesar 15,54 MW dengan prosentase terbesar pada boiler (59,75%) kemudian pada turbin (34,12%) sedangkan pada kondensor hanya 0,26%. Total modal investasi (TCI) pembangunan dan operasi sistem sebesar $35,891X106 dan harga satuan listrik yang disamakan (MPUC) untuk periode waktu 20 tahun sebesar $0,08463/kWh. Tingkat biaya yang berhubungan dengan modal investasi dan operasi dan perawatan terbesar pada boiler sebesar $627,66/h kemudian pada kondensor sebesar $330,81/h dan pada turbin sebesar $150,25/h. Variabel-variabel termoekonomi yang mempengaruhi laju biaya produksi total khususnya beda biaya relatif (r) masing-masing rBL = 84,20%, rST = 83,97%, rCON = 27,84%. Komponen yang terutama perlu mendapat perhatian dalam optimasi yakni boiler dengan variabel-variabel optimal masing-masing kOPT = 86,69%, Z kOPT = 11,62%, rkOPT = 23,82% dan f = 35,52%. Optimasi dapat menurunkan laju total biaya produksi sebesar $197,92/h (7,30%) dari total biaya produksi per jam selama 20 tahun operasi.
OPT k

Keywords:

Energi, eksergi, ekonomi teknik, termoekonomi, optimasi.

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