B.A/B.Sc. (PART III) PRE.

UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION MATHEMATICS FIRST PAPER (ADVANCED ALGEBRA) uksV & izR;sd iz'u ds Hkkx (a),(b) 1 vad ] Hkkx (c), (d) 3 vad o Hkkx (e) 6 vad dk gSA
1. (a) Define Ring with Zero divisors. 'kwU; ds Hkktdksa lfgr oy; dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (b) Define unit elements in a ring with unity. rRledh fjax esa ,dd vo;o dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (c) show that Ring (Zp = {0,1,2,.......(P-1),+P, Zp}) is as integral domain if P is Prime. fl) dhft;s oy; (Zp = {0,1,2,.......(P-1),+P, Zp}) ,d iw.kkZdh; izkUr gksrk gS ;fn P vHkkT; gSA (d) Prove that a finite Commutative ring without Zero fl) dhft;s 'kwU; Hkktd jfgr ,d ifjfer e fofues; oy; ,d {ks= gksrk gSA (e) Prove that the set of all offered pair of real numbers is a commutative ring with unity under addition(+) and multiplication (x) of ordered pairs defined as below : (a,b) +(c,d) = (a+c,b+d) (a,b) x(c,d) = (ac,bd) a,b,c,d R Is it an intergral domain ? fl) dhft, fd okLrfod la[;kvksa ds lHkh fer ;qXeksa dk leqPp; fuEu izdkj ls ifjHkkf"kr ;ksx $ ,oa xq.kk (x) ds fy, ,d e fofues; rRledh oy; gS % (a,b) +(c,d) = (a+c,b+d) (a,b) x(c,d) = (ac,bd) a,b,c,d R D;k ;g iw.kkZdh; izkUr gS \ 2. (a) Define Prie field. vHkkT; {ks= dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (b) Write the necessary and sufficient condition for subfield of F. mi{ks= gksus ds vko';d rFkk i;kZIr izfrcU/k fyf[k,A (c) If R = {a+b a,b ;fn R = {a+b a,b dhft,A (d) Prove that every ring can be embedded in a ring with unity.
Z}then show that R is an intergral domain. Obtain its field of quotients. Z}rks fl) dhft, fd R ,d iw.kkZdh; izkUr gSA bldk foHkkx {ks= Hkh Kkr

fl) dhft, fd izR;sd fjax ,d rRledh fjax esa vUr%LFkkfir fd;k tk ldrk gSA (e) Show that every Integral domain can be embedded into a field. fl) dhft, fd izR;sd iw.kkZdh; izkUr ,d QhYM esa vUrZ%LFkkiu fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Unit - II
3. (a) Define proper and improper Ideals. mfpr rFkk fo"ke xq.ktoyh dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A (b) Define Principal Ideal Domain. eq[; eq.ktoyh izkUr dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A (c) Find the Quotient Ring R/I. Where I = {4n n foHkkx oy; R/I Kkr dhft,A tgka I = {4n n Z} and R = (z, +, x)

Z} and R = (z, +, x) gSA

(d) If a, b, c are elements of a Euclidean ring R such that (a,b) = 1 and a/bc, then find a/c. ;fn a, b, c ,d ;wfDyMh; fjax ds ,sls vo;o gks fd (a,b) = 1 rFkk a/bc rks a/c Kkr dhft,A (e) State and Prove fundamental theorem on ring. oy; lekdkfjrk ij ewyHkwr izes; dk dFku fy[kdj fl) dhft;sA 4. (a) Write the statement of unique factorization theorem. vf}rh; xq.ku[akMu izes; dk dFku fyf[k,A (b)Prove that a field has no proper ideals. fl) dhft, fd ,d QhYM dh mfpr xq.ktkofy;k ugha gksrh gSaA (c) Prove that polynomial(x2 +1) is irreduible over the field (z, + 7, .7) of Integer modulo 7. fl) dhft, fd {ks= (z, + 7, .7) iw.kkZadh; eksM~;wyksa 7 ij cgqin (x2 +1) v[k.Mh; gSA (d) Prove that f(b) be a Polynomial in a Polynomial domain F[x] and a remainder when f(x) is divided by (x-a). fl) dhft;s fd cgqin izkUr F[x] dk ,d cgqin f(x) rFkk a 'ks"kQy jgrk gSA F gks rks f(x) dks (x-a)ls foHkkftr djus ij F. Then f(a) is the

(e) Prove that If R is a ring and S be the set of all constant Polynomial in R[x], then S isomorphic to R.

fl) dhft;s R dksbZ ,d oy; gS rFkk S cgqin oy; R[x] esa vpj cgqinksa dk leqPp; gks rks S oy; R ds rqY;dkjh gksrk gSA

Unit - III
5. (a) Define Null space. 'kwU; lef"V ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (b) Define Linear span.

,d ?kkrh; foLr`fr ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (c) Show that the set W = {(a, b, c,) a - 3b + 4c = 0; a, b, c vector space V3(R). fl) dhft;s fd leqPp; W = {(a, b, c,) a - 3b + 4c = 0; a, b, c ,d milef"V gSA (d) Show that the vectors 1 = (1 +i,2i) 2 = (l, l+i) are linearly dependent in the vector space V2(c) but they are linearly independent in the vector space V2(R). fl) dhft;s fd lfn'k 1 = (1 +i,2i) 2 = (l, l+i) lfn'k lef"V V2(c) esa ,d ?kkrr% vkfJr gS ijUrq lfn'k lef"V V2(R) esa ,d?kkrr% Lora= gSA (e) Prove that the union of two subspaces W1 and W2 of a vector space V(F) is a subspace iff either W1 W2 or W2 W1 . fl) dhft;s fd fdlh lfn'k lef"V V(F) ds nks mi lef"V;ksa W1 rFkk W2 dk la?k ,d milef"V gksrk gS ;fn W1 6. W2 or W2 W1 R}3&rqYQksa ds lfn'k] lef"V V3(R) dk R} of 3 tuples is a subspace of the

(a) Define basis in a vector space. lfn'k lef"V esa vk/kkj ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (b) State extension theorem in a vector space. lfn'k lef"V ds fy, foLrkj izes; dk izdFku fyf[k;sA (C) Show that the following matrices in the vector space M(R) of all 2 x 2 matrices are L.I : 1 = *
+ , 2 = * + , 3 = * +

fl) dhft;s fd 2 x 2 dksfV dh eSfVlst dh lfn'k lef"V M(R) esa fuEu eSfVlst L.I gS % 1 = *
+ , 2 = * + , 3 = * +

(d) If the set S + (,.) be a basis of the vector space V3(R), then prove that the set S' = {+, +, + } will also be a basis of V3(R).

;fn leqPp; S + (,.) lfn'k lef"V V3(R) dk ,d vk/kkj gS rks fl) dhft;s fd leqPp; S' = {+, +, +
}Hkh V3(R) dk ,d vk/kkj gksxkA (e) Prove that any two bases of a finite dimensional vector space have the same number of elements.

fl) dhft;s fd ,d ifjfer foeh; lfn'k lef"V ds fdUgha nks vk/kkjksa esa vo;oksa dh la[;k cjkcj gksrh gSA

Unit - IV
7. (a) Define linear operator.

jSf[kd ladkjd ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define Nullity of a linear transformation.

jSf[kd :ikUrj.k esa 'kwU;rk ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) If t is a linear transformation from a vector space V(F) to V'(F) then prove that the range of t is a subspace of V'(F)

;fn t lfn'k lef"V V(F) ls V'(F) esa ,d jSf[kd :ikUrj.k gS rks fl) dhft;s fd t dh ijkl V'(F) dh ,d milef"V gksrh gSA
(d) Show that mapping t : V3(R) ---- V2(R), where t (a, b, c) = (c, a + b) is a linear mapping.

fl) dhft;s fd izfrfp=.k t : V3(R) ---- V2(R), tgka t (a, b, c) = (c, a + b) ,d jSf[kd izfrfp=.k gSA
(e) Prove that every n-dimensional vector space V(F) is isomorphic to Vn(F).

fl) dhft;s fd izR;sd n-foeh; lef"V V(F), Vn(F) ds rqY;dkjh gksrk gSA
8. (a) Define Dual Space.

}Srh lef"V ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define Annihilator.

'kwU;dkjh ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) Find the matrix representation of a linear transformation t on V3(R) defined as t(x,y,z)= (2y+z,x-4y,3x) corresponding the basis {(1,1,1),(1,1,0),(1,0,0)}. V3(R)ij ifjHkkf"kr jSf[kd :ikUrj.k t(x,y,z)= (2y+z,x-4y,3x) dk vk/kkj {(1,1,1),(1,1,0),(1,0,0)} ds lkis{k eSfVDl Kkr dhft;sA (d) Let dim V(F) = n and if B = {b1,b2, .......... bn} and B* = {x1,x2..............xn} are the basis and dual basis respectively of V, then prove that : x1b1+x2b2+............+xnbn = IV, where IV is identity mapping from V toV.

ekuk dim V(F) = n rFkk ;fn B = {b1,b2, .......... bn} rFkk B* = {x1,x2..............xn} ds e'k% vk/kkj rFkk }Srh vk/kkj gksa rks fl) dhft;s %
x1b1+x2b2+............+xnbn = IV, tgka IV V ls V rRled izfrfp=.k gSA (e) state and prove the Sylvester's law of Nullity.

flYosVj dk 'kwU;rk dk fu;e izdFku fy[kdj fl) dhft;sA

Unit - V
9. (a) Define Minimal Polynomial.

vfYi"B cgqin ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define Similar matrix.

le:i eSfVDl ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) If t is an invertible linear operator on finite dimensional vector space prove that the eigenvalue of t -1 are the reciprocal of the eigenvalues of t.

;fn t ,d ifjfer foeh; lfn'k lef"V ij ,d izfrykseh jSf[kd ladkjd gks rks] fl) dhft;s t-1 ds vkbxsu eku t ds vkbxsu ekuksa ds O;qRe gksrs gSA
(d) Prove that the square matrices A and AT have the same eigenvalues.

fl) dhft;s oxZ eSfVDl A rFkk AT ds vkbxsu eku leku gksrs gSA
(e) Find the eigenvalues and corresponding eigen-vectors of the following matrix :

A= [

fuEu eSfVDl ds vkbxsu eku rFkk laxr vkbxsu lfn'k Kkr dhft;s %

A= [

10.

(a) Define diagonalization of a matrix.

eSfVDl dk fod.kZu ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define characteristic polynomial.

vfHkyk{kf.kd cgqin ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) Prove that the similar matrices have the same eigenvalues.

fl) dhft;s fd le:i eSfVlst ds vkbxsu eku leku gksrs gSA

(d) Prove that the minamal polynimial of a matrix or of a linear operator is unique.

fl) dhft;s fd ,d eSfVDl vFkok jSf[kd ladkjd dk vfYi"B cgqin vkf}rh; gksrk gSA
(e) Show that the following matrix is diagonalizable : A= [
]

iznf'kZr dhft;s fd fuEu eSfVDl fod.khZ; gS %

A= [
]

B.A/B.Sc. (PART III) PRE. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION MATHEMATICS SECOND PAPER (ANALYSIS) uksV & izR;sd iz'u ds Hkkx (a),(b) 1 vad ] Hkkx (c), (d) 3 vad o Hkkx (e) 6 vad dk gSA

UNIT - I
1. (a) Define Archimeden property. The set Q of rational numbers is an Archimedean ordered field. Explain. vkfeZfefM;u izxq.krk ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA ifjes; laa[;kvksa dk leqPp; vkfdZfefM;u fer {ks= gS] le>kb;sA (b) Define complete ordered field. Write supremum and infimum of the following set :

(i)

(ii)

iw.kZfer {ks= ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA fuEu dk mPpd o fuEud fyf[k;s (i) , -

(ii)

(c) Prove that

(p is a prime number) is not a rational number.

fl) dhft;s fd p ,d vHkkT; la[;k gS ,d ifjes; la[;k ugha gSA

(d) If x, a and >0 are real numbers, then: (i) (ii) x< a -a<x<a x-a< a-<x<a+ x< a -a<x<a x-a< a-<x<a+

;fn x, a rFkk >0 okLrfod la[;k,sa gks rks % (i) (ii)

(e) Prove that every complete ordered field R is an Archimedean ordered field. fl) dhft;s fd izR;sd iw.kZ fed {ks= R ,d vkfdZfefM;u fer {ks= gksrk gSA 2. (a) Define compact set and give its examples. lagr leqPp; ifjHkkf"kr dhft;s rFkk bldk mnkgj.k nhft;sA (b) State Bolzano Weierstrass theorem. ckWytkuks okbLVkl izes; dk dFku fyf[k;sA (c) Prove that the intersection of an arbitrary family of closed sets is also a closed set. fl) dhft;s fd lao`r leqPp;ksa ds izR;sd leqnk; dk loZfu"B Hkh ,d lao`r leqPp; gksrk gSA (d) Prove that a subset of real numbers is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. fl) dhft;s fd okLrfod la[;kvksa dk ,d mileqPp; lagr gS ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn ;g lao`r ,oa ifjc) gSA (e) State and prove Heine Borel theorem. gsu&cksjsy izes; dk dFku djrs gq, fl) dhft;sA 3. (a) Define semi metric space and give an example. Nn~e&nwjhd lef"V ifjHkkf"kr dhft;s rFkk mnkgj.k nhft;sA (b) Define diameter of a set. If A = [2,3], B = [3,5] on the real line, then show that (A) = 1 and (B) = 2. fdl leqPp; ds O;kl dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k;sA ;fn A = [2,3], B = [3,5] okLrfod js[kkR ij gks rks iznf'kZr dhft;s (A) = 1 rFkk (B) = 2 (c) If 1< P < and numbers. ;fn 1< P < rFkk gSaA (d) Let X be a non empty set, then a mapping d:X x X R is a metric if and only if: rks fl) fdft;sA tgka a ,oa b _.kkskj okLrkfod la[;k,sa then prove that where a and b are non zero real

(i) d(x,y)=0 x = y x, yX
(ii) d(x,y) d(x,z)+d(y,z) x, y, zX

;fn X ,d vfjDr leqPp; gS rks izfrfp=.k d:X x X R ,d nwjhd gS ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn % (i) d(x,y)=0 x = y x, yX
(ii) d(x,y) d(x,z)+d(y,z) x, y, zX B is also bounded set in (X,d); prove it. B Hkh (X,d) dk ifjc) leqPp;

(e) Let A and B be two bounded sets in a metric space (X,d), then A

;fn A rFkk B nks ifjc) leqPp; fdlh nwjhd lef"V (X,d)ds gS] rc A gksxk fl) dhft;sA

4.

(a) Define closed sphere. Illustrate with an example that in a metric space it is not necessary that the union of infinitely closed sets is close.

lao`r xksyd ifjHkkf"kr dhft;saA ,d mnkgj.k ls iznf'kZr dhft;s fd fdlh nwjhd lef"V esa ;g vko';d ugha gS fd vuUr lao`r leqPp;ksa dk la?k lao`r gSA

(b) Define limit point of a set in metric space.

nwjhd lef"V ds leqPp; dh lhek fcUnq ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) A subset A of a metric space X is closed if and only if its complement A is open. Prove it.

fdlh nwjhd lef"V X dk mileqPp; A lao`r gS ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn bldk iwjd A foo`r gS A fl) dhft;s
(d) Prove that in a metric space every closed sphere is a closed set.

fl) dhft;s fd fdlh nwjhd lef"V esa izR;sd lao`r xksyd ,d lao`r leqPp; gSA
(e) State and prove Cantors intersection theorem.

dSUVj loZfu"B izes; dk dFku fy[krs gq, fl) dhft;sA

Unit III 5. (a) Define uniform continuous function in a metric space.

nwfjd lef"V esa ,d leku larr Qyu ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) State Banach Fixed Point theorem.

csukd fQDLM ikWbUV izes; dk dFku fyf[k;sA

(c) If f : (x1,d1) (x2,d2) and g: (x2,d2) (x3,d3) be continous maps on the metric spaces, then prove that the composite map gof : (x1,d1) (x3,d3) is continuous map. f : (x1,d1) (x2,d2) vkSj g: (x2,d2) (x3,d3) nwfjd lef"V ij larr izfrfp= gS rks

fl) dhft;s fd la;qDr izfrfp= gof : (x1,d1) (x3,d3)

(d) Prove that a totally bounded metric space is separable.

fl) dhft;s fd iw.kZ:i ls ifjc) nwfjd lef"V fo;ksT; gksrk gSA

(e) A metric space X is compact if and only iff every collection of closed subset at X with finite intersection property, has a non-empty intersection.

,d nwfjd lef"V X lagr gksrk gS ;fn vkSj dsoy ;fn X ds lao`r mileqPp;ksa ds izR;sd laxzg] tks fd ifjfer loZfu"V izxq.k dk ikyu djrk gS] dk loZfu"B vfjDr gksrk gSA
6 .(a) Define limit of a function.

Qyu dh lhek ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define continuous function in metric space.

nwfjd lef"V esa larr Qyu ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(c) If f : R2 x R2 R dinined by f(x) = , then f is a contraction prove it.

;fn f : R2 x R2 R; f(x) = , ls ifjHkkf"kr ladqfpr Qyu gksrk gSA fl) dhft;sA

(d) Let (x,d) be a metric space and A X. Then prove that the function. f(x) = d(x,a), x X is uniformly continuous.

ekuk (x,d) ,d nwfjd lef"V gS vkSj A

X rks fl) dhft;s fd Qyu

f(x) = d(x,a), x X ,d leku larr Qyu gSA (e) If f and g are continuous maps on metrix space (x,d), then prove that f+g and fg are continuous maps.

;fn nwfjd lef"V (x,d) esa f vkSj g larr izfrfp= gS rks fl) dhft;s fd f+g vkSj fg larr gSA
Unit - IV 7. (a) Define line segment of interval.

js[kk[kaM+ ;k vUrjky dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA

(b) Define compact set.

lagr leqPp; dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA

(c) Prove that every convergent sequence {Zn} bounded.

fl) dhft;s fd izR;sd vfHklkjh vuqe {Zn} ifjc) gksrk gS

(d) Prove that the function f(z) = z 2 is continuous everywhere but its derivative exists only at the

origin. fl) dhft;s fd Qyu f(z) = z 2 loZ= larr gS fdUrq blds vodyu dk vfLrRo dsoy ewy fcUnq ij gh gSA (e) Prove that the function

f(z) = sin x cos hy + icos x sin hy fl) dhft;s fd Qyu f(z) = sin x cos hy + icos x sin hy loZ= larr ,oa fo'ysf"kd gSA 8. (a) Define cauchy sequence. dks'kh vuqe dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (b) Define analytic function. fo'ys"kd Qyu ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (c) Show that the intersection of an arbitrary collection closed sets is closed and the union of a finite collection of closed sets is closed. fl) dhft;s fd lao`r leqPp;ksa ds fdlh LosPN laxzg dk loZfu"B lao`r leqPp; gksrk gS rFkk ifjfer laxzg dk la?k lao`r gksrk gSA (d) Derive the polar form of cauchy-Riemann equations. dks'kh jheku lehdj.kksa dk /kzqoh :i gy dhft;sA (e) Prove that a stereographic projection projects circles into circles or straight lines. fl) dhft;s fd ,d f=foe iz{ksi] o`rksa dks o`rksa esa ;k ljy js[kkvksa esa iz{ksi djrk gSA

Unit - V 9. (a) Define Fixed or Invariant Points. fLFkj ;k fu'pj fcUnq dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (b) Define normal form of a Bilinear transformation. f}jSf[kd :ikUrj.k dk lkekU; :i dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;sA (c) Prove that the function u (x,y) = x3 - 3xy2 is harmonic and obtain its conjugate. fl) dhft;s fd Qyu u (x,y) = x3 - 3xy2 izlaoknh gS rFkk bldk la;qXeh Kkr dhft;sA (d) Find the invariant or fixed points and the normal form of the following bilinear transformation: = f}jSf[kd :ikUrj.k = ds fLFkj fcUnq rFkk lkekU; :i Kkr dhft, A

(e) Prove that the bilinear transformations maps circles or straight lines onto circles or straight lines. ljy js[kkvksa ds f}jsf[kd :ikUrj.k o`rksa ;k ljy js[kkvksa dks o`rksa ;k ljy js[kkvksa esa izfrfp=.k djrk gSA 10. (a) Define conformal mapping. vuqdks.k izfrfp=.k dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k;sA (b) Define bilinear transformation. f}jsf[kd :ikUrj.k dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k;sA

(c) Show that the transformation = maps the circle x2 +y2 - 4x = 0 into straight line 4u + 3 = 0. fl) dhft;s fd :ikUrj.k = o`r x2 +y2 - 4x = 0 dks ljy js[kk 4u + 3 = 0 ij izfrfpf=r djrk gSA (d) Determine all bilinear transformation which transform the half plane Re(z ) 0 into the circular disc 1. leLr f}jsf[kd :ikUrj.k Kkr dhft;s tks v)Zry Re(z ) 0 dks ,dy o`rh; ph 1. esa izfrfp=r djsaA (e) Prove that the bilinear transformation = fl) dhft;s fd :ikUrj.k = is a combination of elementary transformations.

izkjfEHkd :ikUrj.kksa dk la;qDr gSA

B.A/B.Sc. (PART III) PRE. UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION MATHEMATICS THIRD PAPER (NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES) uksV & izR;sd iz'u ds Hkkx (a),(b) 1 vad ] Hkkx (c), (d) 3 vad o Hkkx (e) 6 vad dk gSA

UNIT - I
1. (a) Define shift operator. foLFkkiu ladkjd ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A (b) Evaluate (cot2x). eku Kkr dhft, % (cot2x). (c) Prove that : fl) dhft, % (d) Find the function whose first difference is : 9x2 + 11x +5 og Qyu Kkr dhft, ftldk izFke varj gS %9x2 + 11x +5

(e) State and prove Fundamental theorem of Difference Calculus. vUrjdyu dk ewy izes; fyf[k, vkSj fl) dhft,A 2. (a)Define Interpolation and Extrapolatio. vUrosZ'ku rFkk cfgosZ'ku ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A (b) Write Newton-Gregory forward Interpolation formula. U;wVu&fxxjh vxzvUrosZ'ku lw= fyf[k,A (c) Find the cubic polynomial which take the following values.

x: f(x):

0 1

1 0

2 1

3 10

f=?kkr cgqin Kkr dhft, tks fuEu eku xzg.k djrk gS % x: f(x): 0 1 1 0 2 1 3 10

(d) Given : u0 = 580, u1 = 556, u2 = 520 and u4 = 384 find u3. fn;k gS % u0 = 580, u1 = 556, u2 = 520 and u4 = 384 u3 Kkr dhft,A (e) Obtain the missing terms in the following table:

x: f(x):

1 1

2 8

3 -

4 64

5 -

216 343 512

fuEu lkj.kh esa NwVs in Kkr dhft, % x: f(x): 1 1 2 8 3 4 64 5 6 7 8

216 343 512

Unit - II
3. (a) Define Divided Difference. foHkkftr vUrj ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A (b) Write Newton's formula for unequal intervals. vleku vUrjky ds fy, U;wVu lw= fyf[k,A (c) Find polynomical in powers of (x-6) from the following table :

x:

-1

10

f(x):

-11

141 561

fuEu lkj.kh ls (x-6) dh ?kkr okyk cgqin Kkr dhft, % x: f(x): -1 -11 0 1 2 1 3 1 7 10

141 561

(d) Find the value of f(5) from following table. x: f(x): 1 2 2 5 3 9 5 15 7 120

fuEu lkj.kh ls f(5) dk eku Kkr dhft,% x: f(x): 1 2 2 5 3 9 5 15 7 120

(e) Prove by Lagrange's Formula (i) y1 = y3 - 0.3(y3 - y-3) + 0.2 (y-3 - y-5) (approx.) (ii) y0 = (y1 +y-1) - [ (y3 - y1) - (y-1 - y-3)] (approx.) %ykWxzkUt lw= ls fl) dhft,% (i) y1 = y3 - 0.3(y3 - y-3) + 0.2 (y-3 - y-5) (yxHkx) (ii) y0 = (y1 +y-1) - [ (y3 - y1) - (y-1 - y-3)] (yxHkx) 4. (a) Define Shepperd's Central difference operators 'ksQMZ dsUnzh vUrj ladkjd rFkk and

dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

(b) Write Stirling Interpolation formula. fLVjfyax vUrosZ'ku lw= fyf[k,A (c) Use Bessel's Formulae to find y25 from the following data : y20 = 24;y24 =32;y28 = 35;y32 = 40 fuEu vkadM+ksa ls csly lw= }kjk y25 Kkr dhft,A y20 = 24;y24 =32;y28 = 35;y32 = 40 (d) If third differences are constant, prove that:

;fn rhljs vUrj vpj gSa rks fl) dhft,% ( ) ( )

(e) Find f(27.4) from the following table using any central difference interpolation formula:

x: f(x):

25

26

27

28

29

30

4.000 3.846 3.704 3.571 3.448 3.333

fdlh Hkh dsUnzh; vUrj vUrosZ'ku lw= ls f(27.4) Kkr dhft,%

Unit - III
5. (a) Write General Quadrature Formula for equidistant Cordinates. lenwjLFk dksfV;ksa gsrq lkekU; {ks=dyu lw= fyf[k,A (b) Write Wddle's Rule. osMts fu;e fyf[k,A

(c) Find f(5) from the following table:

x y

0 4

2 26

58 112 466 922

fuEu lkj.kh ls f(5) Kkr dhft,A x y 0 4 2 26 3 4 7 9

58 112 466 922

(d) Evaluate the following integral by Simpson's ( )Rule. fuEu lekdyu dk eku flEilu fu;e ls Kkr dhft, % (e) Prove that:

 fl) dhft,%

6.

(a) Write Descarte's Rule of Sign. nsdkrZ dk fpUg fu;e fyf[k,A (b) Write the formula to find multiple roots by Newton-Raphson Method. cgqyewyksa ds U;wVu&jsQlu fof/k dk lw= fyf[k,A (c) Find real root of equation xlog10x - 1.2 = 0. Correct to five decimals. lehdj.k xlog10x - 1.2 = 0 ds ewy dk ikp n'keyo LFkkuksa rd eku Kkr dhft,A (d) By Using Newtor-Raphson Method, find the roots of equation x4 - x - 10 = 0 which is nearer to x = 2 upto three place of decimals. U;wVu&jsQlu fof/k ls lehdj.k x4 - x - 10 = 0 dk x = 2 ds lehi okyk ewy n'keyo ds rhu LFkkuksa

rd Kkr dhft,

Unit -IV
7. (a) Define : (i) Entering vector (ii) Outgoing Vector ifjHkk"kk nhft;s % (i) izos'kh lfn'k (ii) vixkeh (b) Explain the principle of Duality. }Srrk ds fl)kUr dks le>kb;sA (c) If the Primal Problem(PP) Has a finite Optimal Solution(OS), then provw that its Dual Problam(DP) also has a finite OS.

;fn fdlh vk| leL;k (PP) dk ,d ifjfer b"Vre gy (OS) fo|eku gks rks fl) dhft;s fd bldh }Srh leL;k (DP) dk Hkh ,d ifjfer b"Vre gy (OS) fo|eku gksrk gSA (d) Use Dual Problam to Solve the following L.PP: Min s.t. Z = 3x1 + x2 x1 +x2 1 2x1 + 3x2 2 and x1,x2 0. Z = 3x1 + x2 x1 +x2 1 2x1 + 3x2 2 vkSj x1,x2 0. fuEufyf[kr LPP dh }Srh fy[kdj gy dhft;s % Min s.t.

8.

(a) Define : (i) Slack (ii) Surplus Variables ifjHkkf"kr dhft;s % i U;wuriwjd ii vkf/kD;iwjd pj

(b) Define the Degenerate Basic Solution. viHkz"V vk/kkjh gy dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (c) Solve the following LPP by simplex method: Max s.t. Z = 4x1 +3x2 x1 6 x2 8 -x1 -x2 - 7 3x1 +x2 15 x2 -1 and x1,x2 0. Z = 4x1 +3x2 fuEufyf[kr L.PP dks flEiysDl fof/k ls gy dhft;s % Max

s.t.

x1 6 x2 8 -x1 -x2 - 7 3x1 +x2 15 x2 -1

and

x1,x2 0. Z = x1 + 2x2 2x1 +5x2 6 x1 +x2 2 x1,x2 0. Z = x1 + 2x2 2x1 +5x2 6 x1 +x2 2 x1,x2 0.

(d) Use Revised Simplex Method to solve the following L.PP: Max s.t.

and

fuEufyf[kr L.PP dks la'kksf/kr flEiysDl fof/k ls gy dhft;s % Max s.t.

and

Unit - V
9. (a) Give the mathematical form of Assignment Problem. fu;ru leL;k dk xf.krh; :i fyf[k;sA (b) State the Reduction theorem for Assignment problem. fu;ru leL;k ds fy, leku;u izes; dk dFku fyf[k;sA (c) An airline that operates seven days a week, has the time table shown below. Crews must have a minimum lay-over time of 5 hours between two flights. Obtain the pairing of flights that minimizes lay-over time away from home. For any given pair, the crew will be based at the city that results in the smaller lay-over. For each pair also mention the town where the crew should be rest. :
Delhi - Jaipur Flight No. Depart. Arrival

1 2 3 4

7:00AM 8:00AM 1:30 PM 6:30 PM

8:00AM 9:00AM 2:30PM 7:30PM

Jaipur - Delhi Flight No. 101 102 103 104 Depart. 8:00AM 8:30AM 12:00 Noon 5:30 PM Arrival 9:15AM 9:45AM 1:15PM 6:45PM

,d gokbZ vM~Mk ,d lIrkg esa lkr fnu dk;Zjr gS] ftldh le;&lkj.kh fuEukuqlkj gSA pkydksa ds ny dks nks mM+kuksa ds e/; de ls de ikp ?k.Vs dk vodk'k le; pkfg,A mM+kuksa ds ,sls ;qXe Kkr dhft;s ftuesa ?kj ls nwj jgus dk vodk'k le; de ls de gksaA fdlh ;qXe ds fy, ny ml 'kgj esa fLFkr gksxk] tgk vodk'k dky U;wure gksA izR;sd ;qXe ds fy, ml 'kgj dk uke Hkh fyf[k;s tgk ny fLFkr gksuk pkfg, % fnYyh & t;iqj mM+ku la[;k 1 2 3 4 7:00AM 8:00AM 1:30 PM 6:30 PM t;iqj&fnYyh mM+ku la[;k 101 102 103 104 8:00AM 8:30AM 12:00 Noon 5:30 PM 9:15AM 9:45AM 1:15PM 6:45PM jokuxh vkxeu 8:00AM 9:00AM 2:30PM 7:30PM jokuxh vkxeu

(d) Solve the following transportation problem :

Destination D1 O1 Orign O2 O3 (b1) 1 3 4 20 D2 2 3 2 40 D3 1 2 5 30 D4 4 1 9 10 Supply (a1) 30 50 20

Demand

fuEufyf[kr ifjogu leL;k dks gy dhft;s % xarO; D1 mn~xe O1 O2 O3 (b1) 1 3 4 20 D2 2 3 2 40 D3 1 2 5 30 D4 4 1 9 10 vkiwfrZ (a1) 30 50 20

ekax

10.

(a) Define non-degenerate Basic Feasible Solution in Transportation Problem. ifjogu leL;k esa v&viHkz"V vk/kkjh lqlaxr gy dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA (b)Write down three methods to solve transportation problem. ifjogu leL;k dks gy djus ds rhu fu;e dkSu & ls gSa \ fyf[k;sA (c) In the following unbalanced transportation problem there is not enough supply. Some of the demands at these destinations may not be satisfied. Suppose there are penalty costs for every unsatisfied demand unit which are given by 5, 3 and 2 for destination 1, 2 and 3 resectively. Find the Optimal solution :

Destinations 1 A B C 5 6 3 2 1 4 2 3 7 6 5 Supply 10 80 15

Demand

75

20

50

fuEu fyf[kr vlarqfyr ifjogu leL;k esa iwfrZ i;kZIr ugha gSA vr% dqN ekx larq"V ugha gksrh gSa ekuk izR;sd vlarq"V ekx b"Vre gy Kkr dhft;s LFkku 1 A B C ekax 5 6 3 75 2 1 4 2 20 3 7 6 5 50 ekax 10 80 15 ds fy, LFkku 1] 2 rkk 3 ds fy, 'kkfLr ykxr e'k% 5] 3 rFkk 2 gSA

(d) Solve The following transportation Problem :

Retail Stores S1 Warehous W1 W2 W3 e 6 8 4 6 S2 4 9 3 10 S3 1 2 6 15 S4 5 7 2 4 Supply (a1) 14 16 5 ai = bj = 35

Demand

fuEufyf[kr ifjogu leL;k dks gy dhft;s % fjVsy LVksj S1 xksnke W1 W2 W3 6 8 4 6 S2 4 9 3 10 S3 1 2 6 15 S4 5 7 2 4 vkiwfrZ (a1) 14 16 5 ai = bj = 35

ekax