Experiment Name: Dyeing of cotton fabric with pigments in a padding mangle

Theoretical knowledge: The Padding Mangle is perhaps the most familiar & most universal of all Textile dyeing and finishing machiney. Basically it appears to be quite a simple machine. performing its task of removing the excess liquid from the fabric in a

simple way.but behind this apparent simplicity, there is such a tangle of variable that their collective quantitative assessment becomes difficult. The viscosity of the liquid is also important. The effect of viscocity is involved in the compressional behaviour of the fabric-liquid system.Asimple padding mangle consists of two squeezing bowls (rolls)the upper one of iron and covered with rubber& the lower one of brass or vulcantile. The pressure on the bowls is obtained by compound levers and weights. They are fixed on textile materials with the help of a binding agent in form of a thin invisible coating. The reaction involved is as below:-

Binder CH 2 OR HO textile Binder O textile HOR ;

Machine required: 1. Padding Mangle; Specification:

where, R is H or CH 3

Manufacturer: JOHN JEFEREYS LTD, Rochdale-Banbury. Squeezing pressure: Speed scale: 2. Electric balance, 3. Drying machine. Utilities required: Water Electricity to power the balance and dryer 0-54 kg 0-75 m/min

Process sequence: Fabric Preparation Padding the fabric in pigment dispersion in a padder. Drying (90-100C) Steamed ( For cross linking between fabric &film) (Cotton 160C,at PH -5 for 3min )

Padding Recipe: Pigments Thickner(natural) 7% Binder Levelling agent Acetic acid (pH=5) Temperature 4 g/L 100g/L 20 g/lit 1 g/lit 1-2 g/lit Room temperature

Drying:The dyed fabric is dried at 80-100C temperature for 5 minutes. Steaming:Curing is done for the fixation of pigments alone with binders. It is done usually at 160C temperature.

The Pigment dyed sample

The Pigment dyed sample of 2% shade depth having green hue. Dyed in padding mangle.

Results obtained: The pigment dyed fabric has been dried and cured. The dyeing is found excellent also the effect produced is very stunning. Comments: The dyeing is accomplished with good care. The impurities also found in the chemical used. There was not enough no. of electric balance. For the reason of old pigment, we have to suffer much. Anyhow we got required dyed sample by doing several times. Above all the dyed sample found satisfactory. Special thanks to our respected teachers for their helpful attitude