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Lecture 6B Spar Design Sept. 19, 2006 Dr. John Halkyard E1A-07-15 Tel 6516 2153 cvehje@nus.edu.sg
SPAR SIZING
Oryx Neptune
SPAR PROGRESSION
DRY TREE
EL (+)50'-0"
Freeboard
CHAIN JACK
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
275'-0"
VOID
VOID
FAIRLEAD
MOORING CHAIN
275'-0"
STEM GUIDE
35'-0"
EL (-)530'-0"
Soft Tank
EL (-) 505'-0"
Keel
SCR
(fixed ballast)
STEEL CATENARY RISER (SCR) TOP TENSIONED RISER
25'-0"
290'-0"
Midsection
240'-0"
VOID
VOID
Hard Tank
VOID
VOID
Chain Locker
DRY TREE
VOID
EL (+)50'-0"
VOID
Dk 10 Dk 9 Dk 8 Dk 7 Dk 6 Dk 5 Dk 4
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
275'-0"
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
VOID
STRAKE
Dk 3 Dk 1
EL (-)530'-0"
35'-0"
275'-0"
BUOYANCY CANS
Setting the Spar Configuration Start with the Risers Size the Centerwell Provide Buoyancy to Support all the vertical loads: Topsides Outfitted Hull Weight SCR Vertical Loads Mooring Vertical Loads Variable Ballast Fixed Ballast Risers that are not supported on buoyancy cans Provide adequate stability
ZT
ZW
Water Depth
KF
Fmoor
Fmoor Vertical Mooring Load KF Fairlead Elevation above keel* Friser Riser Vertical Load KR Riser Elevation above keel Environment Survival Wave, Wind & Current
Friser
ZT
Air Gap
Max Diameter for Construction Largest spar D=45 m Typical D = 33 m Max length and hull weight for dry transport (150 m and 25,000 t) Check Heavy Lift Vessels Max Draft in Horizontal for float-off (10 m) Minimum deck clearance (air gap) Can use two piece transport for large spars. Air Gap >= 1.15*Hs (1st cut) Hmax = 1.86*Hs Amax = 0.93*Hs
Water Depth
KF
Fmoor
Friser
CW
Single or Dual Casing Risers? Required Top Tension Factor? Workover Strategy? Buoyancy can capacity and allowance for damage? Arrive at can diameter and length? Minimum well spacing = can diameter + allowance for grillage (.3 to .4 m) Space allocation for drilling, SCRs and moonpool for ROV launching Arrive at a centerwell size
Well Spacing
Suggestion: Use 3.6 m for depth < 1500m; 4.3m for depth > 1500 m
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Buoyancy Must Balance the Weights and the Hull Must Be Stable!
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Buoyancy Must Balance the Weights and the Hull Must Be Stable!
Topsides Parameters
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35 m
Units here are English. Weight in kips (1000 lb, .454 tonne)
Wind Force
Wind Force
Select different block areas based on elevation, shape
5
13
45 deg
z5
z4
2 1
z2 z1
z3
0 deg
z6
Block 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Desc z center Ch (ABS) Length Height Area Area Corre Adj Area Cs CsChArea Force/Ur**2 Lower Decks 21.8 1.1 100 3.6 360 1 360 1 396 242 Rig 27 1.1 30 7 210 1 210 1 231 141 Quarters 30 1.1 20 10 200 1 200 1 220 134 Process 28 1.1 20 8 160 1 160 1 176 108 Derrick 55 1.3 15 40 600 0.6 360 1.25 585 357 Hull 7.6 1 21.9 15.2 334 1 334 1 334 204 Deck Supports 17.5 1.1 21.9 15.2 333 0.6 200 1 220 134 2 2 Total Force/Ur Force at 0 deg 1187 N/(m/s) 2 2 Equivalent Area = Force/(wgUr ) 1942 m Centroid of Force 30.2 2 Total Force/Ur2 Force at 45 deg ~ 1.2* Force at 0 deg 1424 N/(m/s) 2 Use this in sizing of the hull >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Equivalent Area = Force/(wgUr2) 2331 m
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Buoyancy Must Balance the Weights and the Hull Must Be Stable!
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Hull Compartments
Section 9 8 A A 7 6 5 B B 4 A-A 3 Typical Section Section at Waterline Waterline
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2 1
B-B
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Structural Design
Idealization of Outer Shell as Flat Panels Struts reduce girder span
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Sect. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Totals:
Length, m Outer Shell Inner Shell Decks 9.1 120.8 0.0 53.4 15.2 191.3 271.1 38.0 14.9 318.3 0.0 63.8 14.9 376.7 0.0 79.9 14.9 438.6 0.0 92.9 14.9 500.2 0.0 233.6 118.9 2084.9 0.0 0.0 11.0 310.3 0.0 172.1 1.2 20.8 0.0 367.0 0.0 4361.9 271.1 1100.8
Weight, tonne Primary BHCenterwell Secondary Struts Totals 16.0 45.1 0.0 10.7 245.9 52.5 132.8 0.0 13.7 699.5 55.1 168.2 0.0 30.0 635.5 67.2 200.3 0.0 45.4 769.5 73.9 235.2 0.0 57.4 898.0 79.9 266.8 0.0 77.0 1157.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2084.9 176.0 91.8 0.0 24.9 775.0 13.7 5.7 0.0 0.0 407.1 534.1 1145.9 0.0 259.0 7672.8
Weights - By Area
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Y=9.6*h+75.4
600 500 Weight, kgf/sq m 400 300 200 100 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Design Head, m
Y=6.2*h+90
Add all panel weights and add struts and non-watertight bulkheads if applicable.
Weights By Volume
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y = 96.547e0.0157x
Using volumetric factors is easier but less accurate that using area factors.
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Buoyancy Must Balance the Weights and the Hull Must Be Stable!
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Deck Eccentricity, FB
Ballast = Wtopsides
Centroid of Ballast,
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Buoyancy Must Balance the Weights and the Hull Must Be Stable!
Outfitting Weight
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1st Cut Outfitting weights are about 20% of the hull structural steel!
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SPAR SIZING
WIND LOAD THE CENTRAL CRITERIA IN SPAR SIZING IS TO BALANCE THE OVERTURNING MOMENT DUE TO WIND WITH THE RESTORING MOMENT DUE TO BG (100 Yr Storm)
BHard FCurre FWind WTop
sides
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Topsides
WHard WOutf
Tank
MWL
Tank
MOORING LOAD
FMoori
ng
WVari
Hull
FMoori
ng
Var Ballast
BTrus WTru
ss
d Balla st
FSCR
Fixed Ballast
SPAR SIZING
WTopsides FWind
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K Pitch = GM GM = KB KG + I
BG ~ 5 8m
MWL
BHard Tank
BM < 1m
B
FCurrent
WHard Tank
FMooring
FMooring
BG is the dominant restoring moment The waterplane effect (BM) is not significant The spar is unconditionally stable The center of gravity is always below the center of buoyaancy Flooding will not cause instability Broken mooring will not cause instability Broken riser will not cause instability
BTruss WTruss
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Draft = 198 m (650 ft) Diameter = 21.9 m (72 ft) Freeboard = 16.8 m (55 ft) Centerwell = 9.8 m x 9.8 m (32 ft) Hard Tank Depth = 67 m (220 ft)
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CW
FB A
T B Fixed Ballast D
BUOYANCY = w
DT
Weight Summary
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Hull Weight = 8424 t (18567 kips) Outfitting Wt = 1993 t (4389 kips) Topside Wt = 5448 t (12000 kips) Fixed Ballast = 1123 t (2474 kips) Var ballast = 1486 t (4876 kips) Internal Water = 56617 t (124708 kips) Vertical Loads = 1072 t (2361 kips) Total = 76896 t (169375 kips)
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With Internal Water Without Internal Water Wt KG Wt Kg 42306 493.1 167014 314.9 2361 310.0 2361 310.0 44666 483.5 169375 314.8 B KB 44666 522.1 169375 325 1.5 0.4 40.1 10.6 1791014 1791014
Whether you include internal water or not does not make any difference to the hydrostatics. It does matter for the hydrodynamics, however.
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the centerwell is extended through the midsection, the shell is strengthened to withstand the differential pressures generated when the storage compartments are filled with oil, the amount of fixed ballast is increased to account for the lower center of buoyancy
BAR STIFFENER
EL (+)50'-0"
VOID VOID
VOID
VOID
EL (-)20'-0"
VOID VOID
EL (-)70'-0"
OIL
VOID VOID
275'-0"
EL (-)170'-0"
A-A
BOLT HOLES
EL (-)292'-0"
A OIL
EMULSION LAYER
SCR
BOTTOM OF SPAR
35'-0"
395'-0"
RISER
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TYPE OF SPAR TRUSS TRUSS TRUSS CLASSIC TRUSS TRUSS TRUSS CLASSIC DISPLACEMENT 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% TOPSIDES 24.7% 23.8% 30.6% 27.7% 26.2% 27.7% 26.4% 26.3% STORAGE IN HULL 1.4% 0.7% 2.0% 1.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% VARIABLE BALLAST 5.5% 10.1% 0.0% 4.6% 6.1% 6.9% 4.9% 7.2% FIXED BALLAST 16.5% 18.6% 26.4% 15.5% 23.3% 21.2% 23.6% 0.0% SCR LOAD 0.8% 3.1% 2.1% 0.0% 2.2% 3.7% 2.4% 1.4% TTR LOAD 12.2% 0.0% 1.4% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% MOORING LOAD 5.0% 6.2% 3.4% 3.6% 7.0% 6.2% 7.1% 2.4% OUTFITTED HULL WEIGHT 33.9% 37.5% 34.2% 46.9% 35.2% 34.3% 35.5% 62.7%
Excercise
Consider example spar in this lecture 72 ft (21.9 m) dia 220 ft (67 m) hard tank depth Etc. Add 1000 tonne to deck weight (same VCG and wind area) . Total 6448 tonnes Increase hard tank depth and/or diameter to achieve the same GM What is new hull weight (approximately) Hint: you mayhave to increase fixed ballast as well. Hmax = 75 ft Period = 13 sec.
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