types of networks Presenta: Oscar Mndez Galicia Networks A network consists of two or more computers that are linked

in order to share resources (such as printers and CD-ROMs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. OSI Model A model is the specification set by a standards organization as a guideline for designing networks. Seven Layers Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Functions of the layers Physical Layer The physical layer is responsible for transmitting a bit stream over a physical medium. The mechanical and physical specifications of the physical devices are determined by the physical layer. Data-Link Layer The data-link layer organizes bit into logical units called frames. Note that the data-link layer is responsible only for node-to-node delivery of the frame (from one station to another). Network Layer The network layer is responsible for delivery of a packet (the data unit handled by network layer is called a packet) between the original source and final destination. Note that when a packet moves from a source to a destination, the physical address (added at the data-link layer) changes from station to station, but the logical address remains unchanged from the source to the destination. Transport Layer The transport layer is responsible for source-to-destination (end-to-end) delivery of the entire message. The network layer is responsible for end-to-end delivery of individual packets. The transport layer, in contrast, is responsible for end-to-end delivery of the whole message. Session Layer The session layer is designed to control the dialog between users. It establishes, maintains, and synchronization the dialog between communicating systems. Presentation Layer

The presentation layer is concerned with the syntax (format) and semantics (meaning) of the information exchanged between two systems. It compresses and decompresses data for efficiency. It encrypts and decrypts data for security. Application Layer The application layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the network. It defines common applications that can be implemented to make the job of the user simpler. CATEGORIES OF NETWORKS We can divide the networks into three broad categories: local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) A local area network (LAN) is designed to allow resource sharing (hardware, software, and data) between computers. A LAN can be simply defined as a combination of computers and peripheral devices (e, g., printers) connected through a transmission medium (e.g., cable). METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) A metropolitan area network (MAN) uses services provided by a common carrier (network service provider) such as a telephone company. It spans a city or a town and provides services to individual users or organizations. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) A wide area network (WAN) is the connection of individual computers or LANs over a large area (state, country, and world). Note that a person using a telephone line to connect to an Internet service provider (ISP) is using a WAN. Thanks