Language Mandar:

Letters:

Table 1 – Mandar Alphabet

Mandar English Mandar English
a - a n - n
b - b o - o
c - c p - p
d - d ph - sounded like the English “ph”
e - e q - q
f - f r - r
g - g s - s
gh - silent, elongates t - t
following vowel th - sounded like the English “th”
h - h u - u
i - I v - v
j - j w - w
k - k x - x
kh - sound the “k”, y - y
elongated the z - z
following vowel zh - sound the “z”, elongater the
l - l following vowel
m - m

Vocabulary:
Nouns:
pendar – a being
dawpen - wellbeing
coutar – a life
Coutar - Life
tosar – a death
Tosar - Death
vei – day
gon - night
lon – back
ghar - head
lommel – arm
khan – leg
zhai – chest
zhailoz - breasts
ora - servant
- adding a "d" indicates a slave
nona – container
ndin’nona - waterskin
lonse’nona - backpack
vein’mana – day-ration
gar - again/repeated
thulu - bed
thulun - portable bed (bedroll)
mana - food
wana - water
di – wood
lo - hill
digata – wood/forest
ga – metal
galand – metal ore
than – a horn
thidar – offence
dosar - defence

Weapons:
kad - Sword
- adding "esh" indicates a Rapier
- adding "shal" indicates a Longsword
- adding "fir" indicates a Shortsword
- adding “nobis” indicates a Two-handed Sword
- adding “gar” indicates a Double-ended Sword
rew – Axe
- adding “ban” indicates a Handaxe
- adding “nobis” indicates a Two-handed Axe
hana - Dagger
kor – Mace
- adding “ban” indicates a Light Mace
- adding “nobis” indicates a two-handed Mace
- adding “than” indicates a Morning Star
- adding “shal” indicates a Flail
- adding “shalgar” indicates a Dire Flail
tes - Bow
- adding "shal" indicates a Longbow
- adding "shala" indicates a Composite Longbow
- adding "fir" indicates a Shortbow
- adding "fira" indicates a Composite Shortbow
- adding "an" indicates an arrow
set - Crossbow
- adding "ban" indicates a Light Crossbow
- adding "nobis" indicates a Heavy Crossbow
- adding "gar" indicates a Repeating Crossbow
- adding "an" indicates a bolt

Protection:
gara - Armour
- adding "dol" indicates Chain SHIRT
 - adding "dul" indicates ChainMAIL
- adding "ndi" indicates Leather
fon – Shield
- adding “fir” indicates a Buckler
- adding “shala” indicates a Tower Shield

Verbs:
pen – to be
sav – to know
aim – to like
ghand - to have
dig – to grow
gal – to dig
man – to eat
wan – to drink
cout – to live
tos – to die
kal – to run
nur – to walk
sov – to move
thid – to fight
dos – to defend

Adjectives:
ban - light
nobis - heavy
shal - Long/tall/big
fir – Short/small
di – wooden
a – strong
vov - weak
hassa – loyal
daw – good
supre – evil
com - neutral

Prepositions and Pronouns:

‘n - of/belonging to
- “’ni” donotes mine
- “’ne” denotes your
- “’na” denotes her
- “’nu” denotes his
- “’no” denotes its
- “’nim” denotes ours
- “’nem” denotes your
- “’nom” denotes their
ni – me/I
ne – you (singular)
na – her
nu – him
no - it
nim – us/we
nem – you (plural)
nom – them
g' – in
se’ – on
fo’- under
mi’ – behind
nes’ – before/ in front of
kid’ - between

Grammar:
- Articles
> Aricles are nonexistent. It is impossible to tell apart “a tree” from “the tree”
- Verbs
> Verbs are conjugated in the present by adding “i” for me, “e” for you, “u” or “a” or
“o” for he or she or it, “im” for us, “em” for you, and “om” for them. For example, I
am…ni peni
> Verbs in the past are conjugated like the present, but with a further t added (it, et,
at. ut, ot, ist, ost, omt). For example, she had… na ghandat
> Verbs in the future are conjugated like the present, by adding a further l (il, el, al,
ul, ol, isl, osl, oml). For example, they will know…nom savoml
- Adjectives
> Adjectives are added to the end of a word after a hyphen. There is an order for
placing adjectives: first adjectives of size, then adjectives of colour, then adjectives of
material composition. When describing living things (mostly people), adjectives of
personality come before those of appearance. As a rule-of-thumb, a single word usually
has no more than 3 adjectives joined to it, other adjectives are given in later speech
unjoined to the word. For example, to say “big wooden container”…nona-shaldi. An
example of describing people, to say “a short loyal servant”…ora-hassafir.
- When denoting possessions, the object comes first, followed by the “preposition”
(which is joined to the noun), followed by the possessor in question. For example, to say
“container of water”... wanan’nona. Another example is Selanora’s Chain Shirt...
garadoln’Selanora.
- Prepositions
> Prepositions are placed before the noun. For example, to say “inside the wood”…
g’digata. Another example, to say “her bed”…na’thulu
Numbers:
> When using the singular, you leave the word as is
> When using the plural, you must add “z” to the end of the word.
For example, to say water containers...wanan’nonaz
> To use a specific number, you must use the respective word before the object
To help you out in using the numbers, I’m going to add MODIFIED Roman
numerals (VIIII for 9, instead of the normal IX):

Table 2 – Number System

Number Mandar Roman Composition
1 go I 1
2 phi II 2
3 alph III 3
4 pi IIII 4
5 bet V 5
6 tita VI 6
7 dai VII 7
8 ol VIII 8
9 les VIIII 9
10 kon X 10
11 kongo XI 10+1
12 konphi XII 10+2
13 konalph XIII 10+3
14 konpi XIIII 10+4
15 konbet XV 10+5
16 kontita XVI 10+6
17 kondai XVII 10+7
18 konol XVIII 10+8
19 konles XVIIII 10+9
20 phikon IIX 2 x10
30 alphkon IIIX 3 x10
40 pikon IIIIX 4 x10
50 betkon VX 5 x10
60 titakon VIX 6 x10
70 daikon VIIX 7 x10
80 olkon VIIIX 8 x10
90 leskon VIIIIX 9 x10
100 cen C 100
200 phicen IIC 2 x100
300 alphcen IIIC 3 x100
400 picen IIIIC 4 x100
500 betcen VC 5 x100
600 titacen VIC 6 x100
700 daicen VIIC 7 x100
800 olcen VIIIC 8 x100
900 lescen VIIIIC 9 x100
1000 elv M 1000
2000 phielv IIM 2 x1000
3000 alphaelv IIIM 3 x1000
4000 pielv IIIIM 4 x1000
5000 betelv VM 5 x1000
6000 titaelv VIM 6 x1000
7000 daielv VIIM 7 x1000
8000 olaelv VIIIM 8 x1000
9000 leselv VIIIIM 9 x1000
10000 konelv XM 10 x1000
> When compiling numbers, write them in descending order (8 thousand 8 hundred)
> When you want to put the “th” (for example 5th, 19th), just add an apostrophe