Rvtronics Ec1_viva_voce

Viva Voce
The questions given here are only indicative of the type of questions that may be asked in the Viva Voce. These are not the only questions that can be asked. These questions are just a compilation of some of the questions that were asked in internals, tuitions and lab exams. To prepare for Viva Voce it is advisable to study the subject that forms the theory for the lab. Diode: 1) What is the P.I.V. rating of the diode? 2) What is the difference between static and dynamic resistance of a diode? 3) A rectifier diode is not operated in the breakdown region. Why? 4) An ideal diode acts like a switch. Why? 5) How do you check a diode using a multimeter? 6) What is the difference between Zener diode and rectifier diode? 7) What is Zener breakdown? 8) What is avalanche multiplication? 9) What is a depletion layer? 10) What is junction capacitance? 11) Why is Zener regulator used as a regulator? 12) When the PN junction is heavily doped, what happens to its breakdown voltage? 13) What is a Varicap (or Varactor)? 14) When Zener diode is operated in breakdown region it will not be damaged. Why? 15) Signals having peak value below 0.5V cannot be rectified by using diodes. Why? 16) The capacitance of a Varactor diode changes when the voltage across the diode changes. Why? 17) Why is a Zener diode used as a regulator? Rectifiers and filters: 1) What is ripple? 2) What are the disadvantages of a Full Wave rectifier over a Bridge rectifier? 3) What is the significance of Transformer Utilisation Factor (T.U.F)? 4) Which rectifier circuit has the highest value for T.U.F.? 5) Why is a filter required at the o/p of the rectifier? 6) What is no-load voltage of a rectifier circuit with capacitor filter? 7) What is voltage regulation? 8) What is the desired value of regulation? 9) What is the effect of forward resistance of diode on regulation? 10) Capacitor filter is connected in parallel and an inductor filter is connected in series. Why? BJT 1) Why is base width small?

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2) Why is Silicon transistor more commonly used compared to Germanium transistor? 3) What is Early effect? 4) What is base width modulation? 5) What is reach through or punch through? 6) The junction capacitance across collector to base junction is much lower than that across base to emitter junction. Why? 7) What is the effect of junction capacitance on the performance of transistor amplifier? 8) What is the effect of variation of temperature on the transistor parameters? 9) Can the transistor be operated as a switch? 10) What is the difference between diffusion capacitance and transition capacitance? 11) What is the voltage across the collector to emitter terminal when the transistor is in (i) saturation (ii) cut-off (iii) active region? Transistor Biasing 1) What is transistor biasing? 2) What is Q-point? 3) What is bias stability? 4) What is stability factor? 5) What is thermal runaway condition? 6) What are the commonly used biasing circuits? 7) Which biasing circuit is the most commonly used & why? 8) What is -independent bias circuit? 9) Fixed bias circuit is not popularly used. Why? 10) What is self-bias circuit? 11) All voltage divider bias circuits are self bias circuits but all self bias circuits need not be voltage divider bias circuits. Comment. 12) What is a load line? 13) What is the difference between dc and ac load line? 14) When do dc and ac load lines coincide? 15) What is bias compensation? 16) Normally the Q-point is located at the middle of the load line. Why? 17) Explain how stabilisation of collector current is achieved in a biasing circuit? 18) Which biasing circuit is called Voltage Feedback Bias? 19) What is the effect of variation of Rc on the collector current? 20) What is the effect of variation of Rc on the collector current? Transistor Amplifier 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) What is the effect of variation of Re on the performance of the amplifier? What is the effect of emitter bypass capacitor? What is the effect of coupling capacitor? At high frequency, the gain of the amplifier decreases. Why? Which amplifier has highest gain with zero phase shift? Which amplifier can be used as current source?
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7) Which amplifier can be used as inverting amplifier? 8) What is the bandwidth of an amplifier? 9) What is the significance of bandwidth? 10) What is dc condition for an amplifier and what is its significance? 11) What is maximum signal handling capacity of an amplifier? 12) What happens when the signal amplitude is increased? 13) When an external load is connected to an amplifier it is connected through a capacitor. Why? 14) What is the advantage of transformer coupled amplifier? 15) In a transformer coupled amplifier, at high frequency the gain increases above midband value (the kink). Why? 16) What are the limitations of simple emitter follower? 17) What is bootstrapping? 18) What is the effect of source resistance on the performance of an amplifier? 19) What is loading effect? 20) Which amplifier can be used for eliminating loading effect? JFET 1) The gate junction of JFET is always reverse biased. Why? 2) What are the advantages of JFET over BJT? 3) The input resistance of JFET is very much greater than that of BJT. Why? 4) What is pinch off voltage? 5) What is ohmic region of drain characteristic of JFET? 6) What is amplification factor of JFET? 7) How can a JFET be used as a voltage variable resistor? 8) Why is common drain amplifier also called source follower? 9) What is the current gain of JFET amplifier? 10) JFET has a lower value of low cut-off frequency when compared to BJT amplifier. Why? 11) JFET is also called voltage controlled current source whereas BJT is called current controlled current source. Why? 12) As gate voltage is made more negative, the drain current decreases. Why? 13) Why is JFET called a non-junction transistor? 14) What is the constructional difference between n-channel and p-channel JFET? 15) What is a MOSFET? 16) Why is a MOSFET also called IGFET? 17) MOSFET has higher input resistance compared to JFET. Why? 18) Depletion MOSFET works for both positive and negative gate voltages whereas enhancement MOSFET operates only for positive gate voltages. Why? 19) What is the threshold voltage for enhancement MOSFET? 20) What is the insulating material used between the gate and semiconductor material in a MOSFET? 21) Why is Silicon dioxide used as an insulating material in MOSFET? 22) Can a MOSFET be used as a switch? If yes, how? 23) How does the MOSFET work like an amplifier? 24) What is a CMOS device? 25) What is the most common application of CMOS device?
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26) For p-channel JFET, what is the polarity of gate voltage required? 27) What is meant by field effect? 28) In a JFET, the current does not flow through any pn junction, but the device is called a Junction Field Effect Transistor. Why? 29) The working of MOSFET is based on capacitor action. Explain. 30) Draw the symbols for various FETS and explain the symbols. (Justify the direction of arrows, the broken line in MOSFET symbol etc.) Op-Amp 1) What is an op-amp? 2) What do you mean by the open loop gain of an op-amp? 3) What is the typical value of open loop gain of the op-amp? 4) What is the input resistance of an op-amp? 5) What is the output resistance of an op-amp? 6) Why does the op-amp have a very high open loop gain? 7) What is the advantage and disadvantage of very high gain of the op-amp? 8) For practical op-amp circuit, how can the gain of the op-amp be reduced? 9) What is the closed loop gain? 10) What type of feedback is used in the op-amp circuit? 11) If the op-amp is in open loop configuration, and the input to it is a sinusoidal voltage, what is shape of the output voltage? 12) Why does an op-amp have a very high input resistance? 13) What is virtual ground? 14) What is a Schmitt trigger? 15) What is Hystersis? 16) What is UTP and LTP? 17) Can both UTP and LTP be positive or negative? 18) What is the application of instrumentation amplifier? 19) What is the voltage follower? 20) What is the advantage of using op-amp as a rectifier? 21) What is slew rate? 22) What is output offset voltage? 23) What is offset correction? 24) What is input offset voltage? 25) What is input offset current? 26) What is the effect of negative feedback on input and output impedances? 27) Which op-amp circuit can be used for converting any given input signal to a square wave? 28) What are the characteristic features of a comparator? 29) Which op-amp circuit is called a regenerative comparator? 30) In which circuits is positive feedback used?
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