This book organized as two parts: Fundamentals and Applications.

In the Part 1 Fundamentals, some key contents and review some of mechanics and materials aspects will be briefly introduced. In the Part 2 Applications, various machine components such as fasteners, springs, bearings, gears and shafts will be introduced. Chapter One 1. Introduction Machine design is a very broad decipline and covers mechanics, materials, thermal fluids, economics, ecology, arts, etc. How to study this course? To most of you this is your first professional engineering course which distinguishes from background science and mathematics courses. ( For example, solve x 3x + 2 = 0, x = 1, 2; a man pushes a 10 kg mass object sliding on the floor using 10 N force what is acceleration? ) You cannot simply use equations and calculation to get a correct or unique solution. You need to use engineering judgment and empirical knowledge to find your solution. Use cell phone as example. For example there are numerous workable designs of cars, you cannot say which car design is incorrect, but you can say some of them are better than others. 2. Safety Consideration Most important in a design. Give some examples on safety: airplane, car, bicycle, ceiling fan, oil drilling platform Consider: I. Total life cycle of the product II. Balance approach for each element design III. Safety IV. Government standards 3. Ecological Consideration This involves how to protect enviroment such as air, water, land, food. How to reduce materials usage, try to recycle materials, save energy, eliminate pollution, etc. 4. Societal Considerations

Table 1.1 (p. 12)

Preliminary List of Factors Constituting the Life Quality Index (LQI)

Figure 1.1 (p. 13)

Societal relationships involving engineered products.

5. Overall Design Considerations

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Table 1.3 Major Categories of Design Considerations Traditional Considerations 1. Materials 2. Geometry 3. Operating conditions 4. Cost 5. Availability 6. Producibility 7. Component life Modern Considerations 1. Safety 2. Ecology 3. Quality of life Miscellaneous Considerations 1. Reliability and maintainability 2. Ergonomics and aesthetics

6. Systems of Units American engineers destine to suffer the most in dealing with different systems of units. There are three systems of units: English Engineering, British Gravitational and SI (International System of Units). What are units of time and units of length? (Ask Students) Primary and Secondary Dimensions Because physical quantities are related by laws and definitions, a small number of physical quantities, called primary dimensions, are sufficient to conceive of and measure all others. Secondary dimensions are those quantities measured in terms of the primary dimensions. For SI, they are mass (kg), length (m), and time (s). Based on the primary dimensions, people can measure or derive secondary dimensions, such as area (m2), density (kg/m3) and velocity (m/s). Copy and explain Tab 1.4 and Fig. 1.3.

Table 1.4 (p. 16)

English, British, and SI Units for Length, Time, Mass, and Force

Figure 1.3 (p. 17)

Comparison of units of force (or weight) and mass. Note that the weight for each of the standard masses is valid only or the standard earth gravitational field (g = 9.81 m/s2 or g = 32.2 ft/s2).

Most equations are dimensionally homogeneous! For example F = ma and a=dv/dt

7. Skip
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8. Work and Energy Force moves an object from S1 to S2, the work done For a Curve
S2 r r W = F ds ---------- (1) S1

For a Straight Line: W = F S ---------- (2) For a Circle: W = T ---------- (3) T is Torque in Nm. In SI units, work is Nm called joule (J), for English or British units (ft lb) and British thermal unit (Btu) 9. Power
r r & W = F V

Integral to get work:

t2

t1

t2 r r & Wdt = F Vdt ---------- (5) t1

---------- (4)

& For Straight line, W = FV ---------- (6) & For Circle W = T --------- (7)

FV T T 2n 2n = = = , 1000 1000 1000 60 / 2 9549 2Tn FV Tn Tn = = = In Eng. and Brit. Units, horsepower = 33,000 33,000 33,000 / 2 5252

= is angular velocity. SI units: Watts (W) = 1 J/s, 1 Nm/s. 1 KW =

10. Conservation of Energy For a system, if there is no mass change (phase of volume) then conservation of energy is: E = KE + PE + U = Q + W ---------- (8) Where E = total energy change KE = m(V22 V12) = Kinetic energy change PE = mg(Z2 Z1) = Potential energy change U = internal energy change Q = transferred heat energy W = work done on the system
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Energy change rate:

dE d ( KE ) d ( PE ) dU & & = + + = Q + W ---------- (9) dt dt dt dt HW: Fourth edition (1.1D, 1.9D, 1.20, 1.21, 1.24, 1.32, 1.34) Due in a week