CHAPTER-I

INTRODUCTION

A man spends the first half of his life learning habits that shortened other half

of his life.

Health and illness are defined according to the values of a particular society.

When a person is able to adjust and adapt to his environment he is said to be healthy.

A person with good mental health lives in harmony with the society.

A study describes that people are not simply ill or well but their degree of

health changes according to their inner or outer of circumstances. Inner circumstances

refer to human biology, which includes genetic factors, constitutional factors, sex,

colour, physique, health status and physiological factors like puberty and old age.

Outer circumstances refer to the environment in which the person lives.1

The attitude of an individual (whether one is laughing or crying, alert or

drowsy, happy or sad irritable or tranquil) depends on specific biochemical activity is

the nervous system. Some times one attempts to alter that bio chemistry in order to

achieve a state of mood or mind which enables him to enjoy peace tranquility though

the use of drugs. Although one may attempt to alter biochemistry through meditation,

relaxation, exercise, acupuncture and the like, the most common way adopted by

some of us is by taking a drug. Whatever means one uses, the end result is still a

change in the biochemical activity of the nervous system.

In the historical evolution, man has been able to dominate nature by his

knowledge, his inventiveness and his technological achievements, thereby achieving

greater control over the world and its organization. While technological progress and

inventiveness have brought comforts to the individual it has also increased his

1
insecurity due to all the new problems he has to face, which inevitably generates

anxiety. In the tension filled modern World, no one is entirely freed from anxiety

what ever his class, creed or station in life may be. Some of us therefore seek relief

from anxiety by using drugs, which reduce his tension and alters his mood. The uses

of these drugs have introduced the phenomenon of dependence. Universally,

irrespective of time, place, or culture, throughout history, man has had the habit of

using substances which affect his mind and alter his level of consciousness.

The origin of drug use is mentioned in the Rig Veda for ritual use of soma

Rash. The opium, derived from poppy, as a sleep inducing drug was mentioned in

300 BC and it is acclaimed that opium use could be traced back to 4000 B.C. in

samerid, Australia and India. Asia – Pacific region, produce more than 60% if the

World’s opium that is needed for medicinal purpose, illicit opium is produced mostly

is the golden triangle and golden crescent regions. The area covered by golden

triangle are Burma, Laos, and Thailand which covers an area of 75,000 square miles

and produces 400-800 tones of opium annually. The golden crescent -an area along

the borders of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan produces an estimated 600-900 tons of

opium annually. All this production finds its way into the illicit drug traffic all over

the World for money.

The Overall situation of drug abuse in the Asia – Pacific countries in

summarized by Abarro (1987:15)

Cannabis and opiates continue to dominate the drug abuse scene, and also the

most favorite drug abuse occurs in Japan, Philippines, Bangladesh, Australia,

Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and New Zealand. Lately, cocaine is much

used in countries like Australia, New Zealand and Philippines. Cocaine abuse

2
problems have also been reported in Bangladesh, Japan, Sri lanka and also in India

and Pakistan. In Pakistan at least 1.55% of the total population comes under the

category of regular drug abusers.

The problem of dug abuse has been compounded by the lack of economic

growth, increasing social and political instability and cultural confusion. Research

findings and other sources suggest that the ‘hippie culture’ of the early 1960’s

popularized the use of drugs- as a way of life among the youths and the age between

15-30 years. According to the under -Secretary General of the United Nations, ‘the

illicit drug trade is a three hundred billion dollar a year business industry, catering to

tens of millions of addicts”. According to a 1986 National Institute on Drug Abuse

study of drug related deaths in 27 metropolitan areas across the country of US, 25% of

blacks are accounted as victim of drugs leading of ‘AIDS”.

The history of the human race has also been history of drug use. There is

simple historical evidence for the fact that drug abuse ante dated drug therapy, Just as

toxicology pared the way for pharmacology. For centuries, herbs, roots, hark, leaves

and plants have been used to relieve pain and to control diseases. The use of drugs in

itself does not cause any harm; for drug, properly administered have a curative effect.

Unfortunately, certain drugs also produce enticing side effects such as feeling of

euphoria -a sense of feeling good, elation, serenity and power. What began as some

thing of a recreational activity, evolved in time in to a problem of dependence and

abuse (UN, 1989)

According to a study describes, “If a man begins with certainties, he shall end

is doubts, but it he will content to begin with doubts, he shall end in certainties”.2

3
 First the ‘what’ question. what is a drug? “What are drug use, abuse, misuse,

and overuse?” what is drug dependence and tolerance? The answers to these questions

are as follows:-

Drug: Any substance, which when taken in to a living organism, many modify

one or more of its functions.

Drug abuse: Persistent or sporadic excessive use, inconsistent with or

unrelated to acceptable medical practice.

Drug Misuse: Medical or lay use of a drug, for a disease state not considered

to be appropriate

Drug overuse: Excessive medical of lay use if a drug, in terms of Length of

therapy, or severity of disorder, in which there is accepted evidence of therapeutic

effect.

Drug addiction: A behavioral pattern of compulsive drug use characterized by

over whelming involvement with the use of a drug, the securing of its supply and a

high tendency to relapse after withdrawal.

Drug habituation: The term ‘Drug habituation’ has been used when drugs

are used as a habit, and there is no physical dependence, but just psychological

craving and dependence when the drug is with held.

Drug dependence: According to WHO, ‘A state, psychic and sometimes also

physical, which results from the interaction between of living organism and a drug

which is characterized by behavioral and other responses, that always include a

4
compulsion to take the drug on a continuous or periodic basis, in order to experience

its psychic effects and sometimes to avoid discomforts of its absence’.3

Tolerance: Drug tolerance in characterized by diminished response to drugs

with continued exposure. There is a need to apply increasing doses of a drug in order

to produce the same effect.

Commonly used Drugs:

(1)Narcotics:

Eg: Opium’s, morphine, heroin or brown sugar, pethidine, methadone etc.

(2)Stimulants:

Eg : Amphitamines, cocaine, crack, caffeine and such like.

(3)Hallucinogens:

Lysergic Acid Diethyl amide (LSD), Marijuana, ganja, bhang, hashish, charas.

(4)Volatile substances:

Gasoline, Petrol

(5)Others:

Poisonous mushrooms nail, polish recover and such like.

When compared to American ethnic racial populations. Indian adolescents use

4
drugs more heavily with there consequences . Stronger evidence exists for

correlations between early substance abuse, the onset of a pattern of juvenile criminal

activity, and adult criminal activity leading to long term incarceration5.

Growth and development of an individual occur on the basis of their cultural

and hereditary background. In growth and development of human being, as a child he

is completely dependent on his family. In the next stage of adolescence, a sense of

attachment comes into a predictable shift from family to peer group, where they

develop a sense of identity. A study describes has coined the term transescence to

5
describe this age group, emphasizing the importance of change and transition 6.

According to a study, the initiation of drug abuse was found to be most common after

bearing high school and he found a majority of the students to be experimental

abusers.7

NEED FOR STUDY

The adolescence is a period of biological growth and maturation, self

discovery and social adaptation. Real and imagined weaknesses and deficits of self

and environmental provoke an adolescent to redefine himself. Many questions arise;

what kind of people and they? What kind if people should they be? Etc.,

Freud made the link between the biological changes of the puberty and what

he considered one of the major development concerns of adolescence; establishment

of firm individuality, a sense of self and ego identify. No matter whether one lives in

the city or in the middle class suburbs, all young men and women feel pressurized

when they face the challenges of every day life, This may either head to immediate

adaptation and self control in some, or aggreniveress and other inadequate role

performances leading to the use of drugs as an antidote to their mental stress and

trauma.

There is a need to caution the adults about the attitude determinants leading to

drug dependency is adolescent students. Adolescence also grows in a complex urban

environment usually fall victims of this drug culture. Also other external factors such

as westernization, television and globalization have created such all impact on our

culture that our adolescent population easily tends to inherit the negative aspects like

drug misuse etc.,

6
 Secondly the urban environment is risk with social conflicts, income in

equities, crime and drug use that the adolescence get influenced by the prevalent

practices, a final view is that early adolescence is extremely dynamic, exemplified by

escalating transactions with family and peers that often lead to conflicts cause by an

expectation of greater freedom, especially when parents are antagonistic to new and

often experimental trends, languages, behaviors, clothing, past times or peer

associations statistically, only about 1/5th of youth in early adolescence seem to

experience acute adjustment problems. Today’s adolescents are the pillars of

tomorrow’s society. Accounting to World statistics a very high level of crime in the

community is caused by illegal acts committed is the school leading to increase in

number of Juvenile delinquent homes.

The investigator claims that many professional, non professional adolescence

misuse drugs that are meant for the purpose of medical practice. According to a study

conducted by nearly 65% of adolescent were addicted to codeine cough syrup in

Assam. Many of the students in school and colleges remain unidentified and are the

silent victims of this fatal habit. Age specific mortality rate for 2nd decade in 1987

with regard to drug dependence was 84.6/1, 00,000 for late adolescents. Increasingly,

the term ‘Risk Taking’ is utilized to describe the emergence of all behaviors which

are initiated during adolescent. 8

According to a study , the family dynamics has an impact on adolescence and

46% of adolescent were from nuclear families and the commonest motivation factor

leading to drug dependence was peer group pressure 54%.the adolescent, who were

protected by parents and strict school administration under teachers scrutiny, when

they enter the college get ample independence where there are chances for getting in

7
to greater ill effects such as drugs. They are plenty of unidentified adolescence going

for drug addiction day by day because of their attitude to take risk probing behavior. 9

The researcher has personally witnessed many adolescent are unaware about

the ill effects of drug dependences and face lot of compilation. So this provoked the

researcher to do the study.

8
 CHAPTER-II

OBJECTIVES

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

‘A study to assess the level of knowledge on ill effects of drug dependence

among adolescents in selected school at Bangalore.’

OBJECTIVES

1. To describe the level of knowledge on ill effects of drug dependence.

2. To find out factors leading to drug dependence.

3. To identify the types of drugs available in the market.

4. To assess the level of knowledge on the behavioral changes occurs due to drug

dependence.

5. To identify Rehabilitative measures available at the state level and National level.

OPREATIONAL DEFINITONS

1. Knowledge: it is the perceptual ability and the expressed ideas of the

adolescent students towards ill effects existing in the society related to drug

dependence.

2. Adolescence: students of 14-21 years studying at Anupama Pre -university

College

3. Drug dependence: it is a psychic and physical state of an individual, which

results from the interaction between the body and a drug, which is

characterized by behavioral and physical responses, that always include a

compulsion to take that particular drug on a continuous or periodic basis, in

order to experience its psychic effects and at times to avoid physical

discomfort in its absence.

9
4. Ill effects: it is an illness leading to abnormal physical, psychological and

social consequences to the individuals and the society.

ASSUMPTIONS

1. The adolescents have the knowledge of ill effects of drug dependence.

2. Ill effects of drug dependence can be assessed through structured interview

schedule.

DELIMITATIONS

1. The study is delimited to PU College.

2. The study is delimited to the age group of adolescent between 14-21 years of both

sexes.

3. The study is delimited to students who are willing to participate in the study.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMWORK

High level knowledge

Conceptual framework provides a certain frame for clinical practice, research

and education. It gives direction and quittance for structuring research. (kozies 1995)

Dunn.H.L. (1961) developed a model, high level wellness one end of vertical

health grid representing high level wellness (health), whereas the other end

representing low level wellness as it relates to the factors in the family, community,

environment and society.

The present study aims at assessing the level of ill effects of drug dependence

among the adolescent students based on Dann’s model, this study conceptualizes drug

knowledge’s of adolescents in a vertical health grid with 2 extremes. One end of the

10
health grid representing high level of knowledge (health), whereas the other end

representing low level of knowledge (ill effects of drug dependency)

Dunn explores the concept of conceptual as it relates to the family,

community, environment and society. Mental health is viewed as an expression of

adolescent’s harmonies with internal as well as external environment. Internal

environment refers to psychological and physical, external environment refers to

personal, family, social and cultural factors.

These 3 major factors- ‘person related’, ‘family related’ and ‘social-cultural

related’, may continuously affect mental health during the adolescent phase of

development.

Personal factors include age, sex, birth order, personality, physical health and

intelligence. Environmental factors refer to the type of family, size of family, home

environment, parent-child relationship. Socio-cultural factors refer to socio economic

status, religion. Cultural practice parents working status and values of life. All these

variables are shown in the conceptual frame work developed for the present study.

The above 3 factors influences the life of an adolescent. This influence in

observable in the knowledge and attitude of an adolescent which can be measured.

Since the purpose of the study is to assess the level of knowledge on

problems of drug dependence among adolescent students a questionnaire and a rating

scale was developed based on the knowledge.

The data collected from the questionnaire should reveal the high level and

low level knowledge of the adolescence on drug dependence as per the Dunn’s high

level and low level wellness model.

11
 The investigation proposes to provide a drug knowledge guide after the study

to the low level knowledge adolescent students with a hope that they will be benefited

to become high level knowledge group.

12
13
 CHAPTER-III

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The review of the literature is carried out to examine the ill effects on drug

dependence among adolescent.

A review of literature is an essential step in the development of research

project. if reveals to the investigator, what has been done in the related area, the

feasibility of doing the proposed research, the use of methodological tools and it also

works as a connective link between the findings of preview research that has been

done in the problem area and the result of the proposed study.

The review of literature is done under the following,

Studies related to ill effects of Drug Dependence among adolescent etc.

Section A:

1. on cultural aspects.

Section B:

2. Familial aspects and social aspects.

Section C:

3. Ill effects related to drugs.

Section-A:

1. Cultural aspects:

A study conducted and found out that the use of Bhang had been a traditional

one, in North India and the result was there was an intake of cannabis before the age

of 20 because of curiosity and risk taking behavior among adolescence.10

14
 A study conducted a cross cultural study regarding drug abuse and personality

among college students and inferred that the drug users have been found to have

maladjustment basically from any culture and different set of value patterns.11

According to AIIMS study report 1987at Bangalore, a multi centered study of

drug abuse among students was conducted and the result showed that opium, heroin

and cannabis were used in 1.18, 2.04 and 3.85%respectively and there is an increase

only in use of pain killers in twenty told.12

According to SPARC study in India report No 25, majority of the adolescence

were either Hindus (77%), Christians (10%) and the rest were from other religion.13

According to a study report,’ selected cities in India, 96.5% of male

population were given to drug abuse compare to 2.5% of the female population.’14

According to a study report,’ states that a rural drug abuse pattern is often

associated with traditional consumption in India where the heroin abuse is reported to

have spread ever to rural areas.15

According to WHO 1994 report, in 12 months a 3million man, women and

children have been infected with HIV in Asia.16

According to a study report,’ found out substance use in females of us where

the age of menarche was significantly correlated with affiliation with another boy

friend and risky sexual behaviour.17

According to a study report,’ stated that the drug use among African American

race 259 males and 368 females of adolescence age group who responded to a

structured questionnaire, where there the result was that each of the components of

15
ethnic identity offset, risks form the ecology, family, personality and peer domains,

help in lessening drug use. 18

Section B:

2. Familial aspects and social aspects

According to Police Journal, students are shown as the main victims of drug

addiction, the study covered a sample group of 85 students, and it was proved that the

parental attitude towards children is a major etiological factor for student’s drug

dependence.19

According to a study report,’ conducted a study in Jaipur. It revealed that 40%

of drug addicts were from nuclear families and 21% were from middle class families

and 22.62% that the influence of family members was an important motivational

factor for hearing drugs during the period of dedication.20

According to a study report,’ conducted a study in surat city and found that

300 child laborers use cannabis and opium due to micro social and macro social

Stressors which initiate and perpetuate their substance use.21

16
Section C:

3. Awareness of ill effects related to drug dependence among adolescent students.

Varma v.k.et.al studied on drug abuse amongst college students .the results of

the descriptive study shows that out of 408 subjects 77(18.87%)admitted to having

taken the drugs at sometime or the other as per the epidemiological studies of drug

abuse in India ,the number of those who had taken the drug 10 times or more was a

follows: Mandrax -4, amphetamines-11,cannabis -2 and it was found that some of the

students coming from rural background were susceptible to the influence of urban

subculture and this in turn to the use of drugs.22

Sethi..et.al., studied on the pattern of drug abuse among male students among

1513 students drawn from 2 degree colleges in Lucknow city and as per the criterion

adopted 11.5% students were categorized as drug abusers and 40.8% used bhang. 23

Mohan D. et al., studied on prevalence of drug abuse in high school

population. The result shows the abuse of alcohol and tobacco as the most popular

drug of dependence in the school sample. The tool was who questionnaire on a bio

data schedule and awareness and prevalence schedule on drug and its problems.24

Dube.K.C studied on the use of dependence producing drugs on arts and

science college students. It was found that in Delhi the overall prevalence rate of drug

was 10.08%.25

Vinoy K.Vrma and ravinder ang, studied on non medical drug use amongst

non-medical drug use amongst non –student youth in India. In a surrey on non

medical drug use by 266 students ranging from 10-24 years of age, where he found

that cannabis and tobacco were the drugs commonly used by them.26

17
 Shekhar Saxena studied on rapid increase on heroin dependence in Delhi in

the recent year.27

Ponnudurai.R studied on drug abuse among internees with the help of the

youth survey questionnaire developed by who 22.67% of them were alcoholics,

9.33% of boys used cannabis which was followed by sedatives and hypnotics and

they reported that it was easy to obtain the drugs like marijuana and amphetamines.28

Zulfikar Ali studied on the use of psycho active substance among medical

students and concluded that almost 1/3 rd of the medical students reported a life time

use of psychoactive substance.29

Pallab.K.Maulik explored the reason for relapse in opium dependent subjects.

The assessment was done using a questionnaire designed for the study on adolescence

and adults. The result showed that there were symptoms of inability to control urges

in 8%, frustration in 6.6%, inllness and pain 75%, sleep disturbance by 34.7%.30

According to a study report,’ 1998 studied on recent patterns of use and

associated risk of illicit drug use in adolescence were his conclusion that the drug use

among adolescence doubled in 1990’s and is a significant cause of morbidity and

mortality.31

According to a study report,’ studied on new patterns of drug use. it was a

normal population study where the latent class analysis revealed the use of the

following drugs i) cannabis ii) amphetamines iii)heroin. The adolescence associations

with party going and getting in to habit of drug dependence were very common.32

According to a study report,’ conducted a study of integrative research review

of risk behaviors among adolescence in rural, suburban and urban areas and

18
concluded that education alone is not sufficient to prevent drug abuse and that some

other objective steps should be taken to stem the root.33

Aytaclar.S.et al., studied on association between hyperactivity and cognitive

functioning in childhood and substance use in early adolescence where in a

comparative study was made on high risk group having fathers with a lifetime's

diagnosis of a psychoactive substance use disorder and normal fathers with no history

of misuse of drug. If showed that high risk group had a significantly higher behavioral

activity and exhibited poorer performance in studies too.34

Krueger .R.F,studies on personality traits and late adolescence predict mental

disorders in early adulthood. A prospective epidemiological study was conducted in

university of Wisconsin, USA, which conclude that high negative emotionality at 18

year led to substance dependence and anti –social personality.35

Kaminer .Y. conducted a study on addictive disorders in adolescence and its

result was adolescence with behavioral deregulation, poor social skills, a limited

social network and substance abuse during late substance dependence in adulthood.36

Woodward.L.S conducted a study on childhood peer relationship problems

and psychological adjustment in late adolescence. This paper examined the

relationship between teacher reported peer relationship problems at age 9 years and

psychosocial adjustment in late adolescence. Result showed that, in the age group of

18 years, children with high rates of early peer relationship problems were at

increased risk of externalizing behavior problems such as substance abuse.37

A study conducted on “Parental involvement in adolescents education”,

several types of parental involvement were analyzed for gender differences including

19
school discussion, parent-school connection, parental expectation, parents attendance

at school events and three measures of parental supervision (Check homework,

limiting television watching, limiting going out with friends). These results showed

that daughters are experiencing more parental involvement with their education that

the sons.38

The heaviest drinkers are men in their late teens or early twenties. There has

been disturbing evidence of increasing drinking and drunkenness amongst

adolescents.

20
 CHAPTER- IV

METHODOLOGY

Methodology of research indicates the general pattern for organizing the

procedure for gathering valid and reliable data. The problem for this study is to assess

the ill effects of drug dependence among the late adolescent students in Anupama PU

College. This chapter deals with the research approach, design, setting, Population,

sampling technique criteria for the selection of sample, sample size, development and

description of the tool, content validity of the tool, Pilot study, Procedure for data

collection and plan for data analysis.

Research approach and Design:

He approach chosen for this study in descriptive. The aim of the descriptive

research is to obtain accurate and meaningful description of the phenomena under the

study.

According to polit and hungler(2005) the descriptive research is not

concerned with the relationship among variables. Its purposes are to observe, describe

and document aspects of a situation. The main objective of the descriptive research

study is to have an accurate portrayal of the characteristics of persons, situations or

groups and the frequency with which certain phenomena occur.

21
 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF RESEARCH DESIGN

Selected School
Anupama PUC

Purpose
Assess the Level of knowledge on ill effects ,Factors,
Types of drugs and Behavioral changes occurs due to
drug dependence

Research Design
Non-Experimental Descriptive approach design

Target population Sampling Technique

Sample Adolescent students of 14-21 Simple Random
100 Adolescent’s student years of both sex. sampling

Development of tool and Data Collection

Step-I Step-II
*Preparation of * Procedure for data
Questionnaire collection
*Content Validity
*Pilot study

Data AnalysisDescriptive: Percentage, Frequency

distribution and Inferential: Chi-Square

Findings and conclusion

22
Setting:

The setting of the study comprises of the Anupama Pre –University College,

West of Chrod Road,II stage,Mahalakshmipuram,Bangalore-86.

The age group of the students is between 14-21 years age. The setting was

selected because of the active co-operation of the students.

Population:

The study population comprises of the adolescent students aged 14-21 years at

Anupama Pre –University College.

Criteria for the selections of the sample:

The investigator approached the students based on the following selection

criteria.

• Adolescent students of 14-21 years of both the sex ,studying in PUC I and IInd

year.

• Students who are willing to participate in the study.

• Those individuals who could be met at the respective centers at the time of the

study.

• Some of the students coming from rural background were susceptible influence of

urban subculture

Sample Size:

The sample size consists of 100 adolescent of age group 14-21 years.

Sampling technique:

The samples were selected by non-Probability convenient sampling technique.

23
Development and description of the tool:

The tools developed for this study is a structured questionnaire and rating

scale based on the review of literature, discussion with experts and investigators

personal experience.

Description of the tool:

The structured questionnaire has two parts. It is developed to determine the

knowledge of problems of drug dependence among the adolescent students.

Part-I

Part-II

Part-I

1. Demographic data and family background

2. Social background

3. Ill effects related to drugs

1. Demographic data and family background of adolescent students consists of age,

sex, religion, qualification, average school grade occupation and questions

regarding family background consists of details such as whether the adolescent in

living in a joint or nuclear family, with whom he/she is living, whether both

parents are alive, whether they have siblings, qualification of father, location of

house, whether they have discussion with parents on career, fathers occupation,

whether any one uses drug/alcohol in family etc.

2. Social background includes aspects such as the adolescent student’s participation

in social activities, usage of alcoholic beverages, about the peer group,

dominance in peer group, whether they are introverts, their source of getting drug,

24
 whether their friends have encounter with drugs, whether their friends had

undergone treatment for drug addiction, drug addiction on a social problem and

their participation in anti social activities.

3. Ill effects related to drugs consist of 8 specific closed ended questions on ill

effects related to drug dependence. The individual has to either mark yes or No,

yes was scored as 1 and No was scored as 2.

Part-II

It consists of 10 items on knowledge related to ill effects of drug dependences,

where the score was given based on three options like Yes/No/Don’t know.Total score

20.

Content validity:

Validity refers to a complex concept which broadly concerns the soundness of

the study’s evidence, that is, whether the findings are cogent and convincing and well

ground. The content validity of the prepared tool was obtained from 1 biostatistion,

3experts in mental health nursing and 1 psychiatrist.

Reliability of the tool:

Reliability of the tool was established by test-retest method. This was done by

introducing the tool to same group of sample at different time after reshuffling the

questions. The reliability score obtained showed high correlation between the score r

=0.78 hence the tool was considered reliable.

Pilot study:

After a written permission was obtain from the principal of the Anupama Pre-

university College. The data for the pilot study and for the main study was collected.

25
 Pilot study was conducted with 10 students. Among them, 5 students from

boys and 5 students from girls who were selected on the basis of Non- Probability

convenient sampling technique. After getting oral consent from the students, the

individual and the investigator were seated in a room without disturbance, facing each

other. Brief introduction given on the questionnaive were reinforced. The

questionnaire was administered on an individual basis. Each session lasted for about

40 minutes. The pilot study was conducted for a period of 3 days. Findings of the pilot

study revealed that it was feasible and practical to conduct the study and the criterion

adopted was found to be effective. The plan for statistical analysis was also

determined; therefore the data collection for the main study was done excluding the

samples included in the pilot study.

Procedure for data collection:

The data collection for the study was done within a period of 5 weeks. After a

brief introduction of self and study, after obtaining the oral consent from the subject,

the investigator and the student were seated in a quiet room, facing each other. The

investigator established rapport with the student and administered the questionnaire

after a brief introduction. The instructions given on the questionnaire were reinforced.

The instructions were,

• All the responses will be treated confidential.

• They can give frank and honest answer to the best of their ability.

• Doubts can be clarified.

After the instructions, the questionnaire was given and the subject was asked

to tick the responses. The total time taken for answering the questionnaires by each

student was 30-40 mints. Hence the investigator was able to collect the data from 5-7

26
students per day on all days in a week at Anupama Pre- University College, where the

investigator got samples on 3 shifts that is from7-9 in the morning, 12-2 in the

afternoon, 5-7 in the evening. At the Anupama Pre- University College, the

investigator met 7 students each day from Monday to Saturday, during working hours

between 9am and 4 pm.

The data collection was done for 5 weeks. Pilot Study was conducted during

the 1st week and from 2nd week data was gathered for the main study. By the end of the

data collection period data had been collected from 100 students.

Plan for data analysis:

The data obtained was planed to be analysed based on the study using

descriptive and inferential statics were used.

Descriptive statistics:

• Simple percentage and frequency distribution were used to analyses the

demographic data of the students.

• Mean and standard deviation were used to identify the knowledge and attitude of

adolescent students regarding the ill effects related to drug dependence.

• Distribution of scores was done on the knowledge acquired, which was

interoperated as moderate, adequate and inadequate.

Inferential staatistics:

Chi-square test (x2) was used to determine the association between the level of

knowledge,demographic variables and family back ground.

27
Summary

This chapter dealt with research approach & desigh,variables,setting and

sampling criteria, it includes the preparation & assessment of the tool and

demographic variables.this chapter also dealt with the Polit study,data collection

procedure and plan for data analysis.

28
 CHAPTER-V

RESULTS

This chapter deals with analysis and interpretation of data collected from 100

Adolesent students studying in PUC for assessing the level of knowledge.The data

collected from 100 adolesents students studying in PUC was organized, tabulated,

analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistic.The analysis

and interpretation was based on the data collected through structured interview

schedule.

Polit (1999) states that statistical analysis is a method of rendering quantitative

information and elicits meaningful and intelligible form of research data.

Analysis is the process of organizing and synthesizing data so as to answer

research questions and test hypotheses.

The objectives of the study were:

1. To describe the level of knowledge on ill effects of drug dependence.

2. To find out factors leading to drug dependence.

3. To identify the types of drugs available in the market.

4. To assess the level of knowledge on the behavioral changes occurs due to drug

dependence.

5. To identify Rehabilitative measures available at the state level and National

level.

29
Organization and presentation of the data:

The data collected were edited,tabulated,analyzed, interpreted and findings

obtained were presented in the form of tables and diagrams represent under folowing

sections.

Section A:

Measurement of level of knowledge of Problems related to drug dependences

among the adolescent students.

Section B:

Measurement of the level of knowledge of Problems related to ill effects drug

among the adolescent students.

Section C:

Association of selected demographic variables (Table-1), Family background

(Table-2) and Social background (Table-3) with the Level of knowledge of adolescent

on Problems of ill effects Drug.

30
Section-A
Table-I –(a) Frequency and Percentage distribution of Demographic Variables of
adolescent student.
n=100
Sl.No Demographic Variables Frequence (f) Percentage (%)
01 Age of adolescent
14 -17 years 27 27
18-21 years 73 73
02 Sex
Male 48 48
Female 52 52
03 Qualification
PUC 100 100
04 Academic Performance
Below <60% 23 23
61-75% 63 63
Above>75% 14 14
05 Ordinal Position
First 30 30
Second 53 53
Third 17 17
06 No of Sibling
Nil 20 20
One 30 30
Two 41 41
Three 09 09
07 Religion
Hindu 39 39
Christian 34 34
Muslim 24 24
08 Residence
Rural 33 33
Urban 45 45
Semi 22 22

31
 Table-I describes the data regarding age ,of which 27(27%) students belongs

to the age group 14-17 years and 73 (73%) were of 18-21 years of age group

(fig-1). when considering sex,48 (48%) were males and 52(52%) were females (fig-2)

on considering the qualification PUC 100(100%) fig-3.

With regard to Academic Performance were Below <60% were 23(23%),61-

75%were 63(63%) Moderate. Above 75% were 14(14%) of them have scored.

Ordinal Position was First 30(30%), Second 53(53%) and Third 17(17%). No of

Sibling were Nil 20 (20%), One 30 (30%), Two 41(41%) and Three 9(9%).Religion

were Hindu 39 (39%),Christian 34(34%) and Muslim(24%).

In relation to Residence for Adolescent were Rural 33(33%) ,Urban45(45%)

and semi urban 22(22%).

32
 Sex

Male
48%

Female
52%

Graph 1:Percentage distribution of Demographic Variables according to sex

33
 Academic Performance

63%
70

60

50
Percentage (%)

Below < 60%

40 61-75%
Above 75%
23%
30

14%
20

10

Level of Academic Performance

Graph 2:Percentage distribution of Demographic Variables according to

Academic Performance

34
 Residence

45%
45

40

35
Percentage (%)

22%
30
33 %

25

20

15 Semi

10
Urban

Rural
0

Graph 3:Percentage distribution of Demographic Variables according to

Residence

35
Table-I-(b)- Frequency and Percentage distributions of adolescent students
according to family Back Ground
n=100
S.No Demographic Variables Frequency Percentage (%)
09 Type of Family
Joint 38 38
Nuclear 53 53
Extended 09 09
10 Family Income
Below Rs7000 61 61
Rs7000-10000 19 19
Above Rs 10,000 20 20
11 Parents Alive
Yes 67 67
No 33 33
12 Living with
Both Parents 29 29
Mother/Father 23 23
Talker 17 17
Relatives 16 16
Hostel 15 16
13 Speak to Career
Frequently 46 46
Rarely 39 39
Never 15 15
14 Qualification of Talker
Undergraduate 21 21
Postgraduate 51 51
Professional 28 28
15 Occupation of Talker
Self employed 40 40
Managerial 17 17
Clerical 17 17
Skilled 19 19
Unskilled 07 07
16 Family use Drug/Alcohol
Yes 33 33
No 67 67

36
 Table-II. Describes the data regarding type of family like Joint 38(38%),

Nuclear 53(53%), Extended09 (09%).In relation to Family Income were Below

Rs7000-61(61%), Moderate Rs7000-10000 -19 (19%) and Above Rs 10000-20(20%).

Considering are both your Parents Alive in Yes 67(67%) and No33 (33%).At

Present with whom are you living with Both Parents 29(29%), Mother/Father23

(23%), Talker17 (17%), Relatives 16 (16%) and Hostel 15(15%).

How often do you speak to your parents on your career in Frequently

46(46%), Rarely 39(39%) and Never 15(15%).Qualification of Talker like

Undergraduate-21(21%), Postgraduate 51(51%) and Professional 28(28%).

With regard to financial aspects in Occupation of Talker like self employed

40(40%), Managerial 17(17%), Clerical-17 (17%), Skilled 19(19%) and Unskilled

07(07%). Does anybody in your family use Drug /Alcohol Yes 33(33%) and No67

(67%).

37
 Type of Family

Extended
9%

Joint
38%

Nuclear
53%

Graph 4:Percentage distribution of Family Back Ground according to Type of

Family

38
 Family use drug/Alcohol

70

60

50
67%
Percentage (%)

40

30
33%
20

10

Yes

No

Graph 5:Percentage distribution of Family Back Ground according to Family

use Drug / Alcohol.

39
Table-II. Frequency and Percentage distributions of adolescent students
according to Social back ground.
n=100

40
Sl.No Social Variables Frequency(f) Percentage (%)
01 Activities
Sports 33 33
Clubs 24 24
Societies 20 20
Cultural 23 23
02 Occasion
Religious 16 16
Social 21 21
Other 27 27
Never 36 36
03 Peer Group Large
Yes 62 62
No 38 38
04 Dominant Role
Yes 40 40
No 60 60
Introvert
05 Yes 26 26
No 40 40
Sometimes 34 34
Encounter With Drugs
06 Yes 19 19
No 53 53
Some times 28 28
Use Of Drugs
07 Oral 24 24
Smoked 21 21
Shifted 11 11
Injected 5 5
Others 8 8
Not Applicable 31 31
08 Sources Of Drug
Pharmacy 30 30
Illicit 16 16
Not Known 27 27
Not Applicable 27 27
09 Undergone Treatment For
De-Addiction
Yes 28 28
No 42 42
Not Applicable 30 30
10 Social Problem
Yes 62 62
No 38 38
11 Antisocial Activities 41
Yes 20 20
No 80 80
 Table III-Among 100 samples Activities like Sports 33(33%), Clubs 24(24%),

Societies 20 (20%) and remaining Cultural 23 (23%). Use alcoholic beverages on any

occasion At Religious services 16(16%), on Social occasion 21(21%), other occasion

27(27%) and Never 36(36%).Peer Group Large Yes 62 (62%) and No 38(38%).

Have a dominant role in your peer group Yes 40(40%) and No60(60%).An

Introvert Yes 26(26%), No40(40%) and Sometimes 34(34%).Your friends having

Encounter With Drugs Yes19(19%),No53(53%) and Sometimes 28(28%).Use Of

Drugs Oral 24(24%), Smoked21(21%), Shifted11(11%), Injected 5(5%), Others

8(8%) and Not Applicable 31(31%).

Source of getting the drugs Sources Of Drug Pharmacy30 (30%),

Illicit16(16%),Not Known 27 (27%) and Not Applicable 27(27%).Undergone

Treatment For the De-Addiction Yes 28(28%) ,No42 (42%) and Not Applicable 30

(30%).Aware the drug addiction in a Social Problem Yes 62(62%) and No38(38%).

Participate in Antisocial Activities Yes 20 (20%) and No 80 (80%).

Percentage (%)

42
Graph 6:Percentage distribution of Social Back Ground according to activities

43
Graph 7:Percentage distribution of Social Back Ground according to Occasion

44
 Peer Group Large

70

60

50
Percentage (%)

40

62%
30

38%
20

10

0
Yes No

Graph 8:Percentage distribution of Social Back Ground according to Peer

Group Large

45
 Use of Drugs

35
31%

30

24%
25
21%
Percentage (%)

20

15
11%

8%
10
5%

0
Oral Smoked Shifted Injected Others Not Applicable

Graph 9:Percentage distribution of Social Back Ground according to use of

Drugs.

46
Table III- Frequency and Percentage distributions of adolescent students on
knowledge of Problems related to Drug Dependences
n=100
S.No Ill Effects of Drug Frequency(f) Percentage (%)
01 Self-Medication
Yes 49 49
No 51 51
02 Pain-Killers
Yes 41 41
No 59 59
03 Take Sleeping Pills For
Sleeplessness
Yes 27 27
No 47 47
Some Time 26 26
04 Drug Addiction Can
Decrease Ones Life Span
Yes 46 46
No 34 34
Sometimes 20 20
05 Drug Can Cause Serious
Psychological Symptoms
Yes 58 58
No 42 42
06 Drug Is a Sedative
Yes 58 58
No 42 42
07 Black Coffee & Cold
Beverages Helps in Sobering
Up
Yes 47 47
No 53 53
08 Habit Of Tobacco Chewing
Yes 25 25
No 61 61
Sometimes 14 14

Table IV-The data represented illeffects of 100 samples like self Medication

Yes 49 (49%) and No51 (51%).use pain killers yes 41 (41%) and No 59 (59%).Take

47
sleeping Pills for sleeplessness like yes 27 (27%),No 47(47%) and some time 26

(26%).

Drug Addicition can decrease ones Life span Yes 46 (46%),No 34(34%) and

some times 20 (20%).Drug can causes serious Phychological Symptoms Yes 58 (58%)

and No 42(42%).Black coffee & Cold Beverages Helps in sobering up Yes 47(47%)

and No 53 (53%).Habit of Tobacco chewing yes 25 (25%).No 61(61%) and

sometimes 14 (14%).

48
 Self-Medication

51

50.5

50
Percentage (%)

51%
49.5

49

49%
48.5

48
Yes No

Graph 10:Percentage distribution of Knowledge of Problems according to self

Medication

49
 Section-B

Table-4-Description of Level of Knowledge on illefects of Drug Dependences

Frequency and percentage distribution of adolescent student and the level of

knowledge related to ill effect of drug dependences.

n=100

S.No Contents Inadequate Moderate Adequate

<50% 51-75% >75%

F % F % F %
01 Level of Knowledge 56 56 41 41 03 03

The above Table -4-shows 56(56%) of them have inadequate knowledge ,

41(41%) of them have moderate level of knowledge and 03(03%) of them fit in the

category of Adequete Knowledge.

50
 Level of Knowledge

56%
60

50
41%
Percentage (%)

40

30

20 3

3%
10

0
Inadequate<50% Moderate51-75% Adequate>75%

Graph-11-Percentage distribution of adolescent student and the level of

knowledge related to ill effect of drug dependences

51
Table 5- Chi square value to assess the association between knowledge scores and
demographics variables. n=100
Sl..No Demographics F % X2 Table Value Inference
Variables
01 Age of adolescent
P>0
14 -17 years 27 27 21.16 01
NS
18-21 years 73 73
02 Sex
P>0.68
Male 48 48 0.160 01
NS
Female 52 52
03 Academic
Performance
P>0
Below <60% 23 23 40.82 02
NS
61-75% 63 63
Above>75% 14 14
04 Ordinal Position
First 30 30 P>0
19.94 02
Second 53 53 NS
Third 17 17
05 No of Sibling
Nil 20 20
P>0
One 30 30 22.48 03
NS
Two 41 41
Three 09 09
06 Religion
Hindu 39 39 P>0
30.48 03
Christian 34 34 NS
Muslim 24 24
07 Residence
Rural 33 33 P>0.019
7.94 02
Urban 45 45 NS
Semi 22 22
08 Type of Family
Joint 38 38 P>0
30.02 02
Nuclear 53 53 NS
Extended 09 09
09 Family Income
Below Rs7000 61 61 P>0
34.46 02
Rs7000-10000 19 19 NS
Above Rs 10,000 20 20
10 Parents Alive 11.56 01 P>0.001

52
 Yes 67 67
NS
No 33 33
11 Living with
Both Parents 29 29
Mother/Father 23 23 P>0.136
7 04
Talker 17 17 NS
Relatives 16 16
Hostel 15 16
12 Speak to Career
Frequently 46 46 P>0
15.86 02
Rarely 39 39 NS
Never 15 15
13 Qualification of
Talker
P>0.001
Undergraduate 21 21 14.78 02
NS
Postgraduate 51 51
Professional 28 28
14 Occupation of
Talker
Self employed 40 40
P>0
Managerial 17 17 29.4 04
NS
Clerical 17 17
Skilled 19 19
Unskilled 07 07
15 Family use
Drug/Alcohol P>0.001
11.56 01
Yes 33 33 NS
No 67 67
16 Knowledge
Inadequate <50% 56 56 P>0
81.74 12
Moderate51-71% 41 41 NS
Adequate>75% 03 03

S:Significant NS : Non Significant *P<0.01

It is evident from the table that Chi square value computed for the educational

qualification with the level of Knowledge is statiscally significant at P< 0.001 level.

The other demographi Variables such as Age of adolescent,sex,Academic

Performance,Ordinal Position,No of sibling,Religion,Residence,Type of Family,

53
Family IncomeParent Alive,living withSpeak to career,qualification of Talker,

Occupation of Talker,Family use Drug/ Alcohol showed no statistically significant

association with the level of knowledge.

CHAPTER-VI

DISCUSSION

54
 This chapter discusses the findings obtained in the previous chapter on

analysis and interpretation of data collected for the study on the level of knowledge on

problems related to drug dependences among the adolescent students. For this the

level of knowledge calculated knowledge between selected data on personal, family

and socio cultural factors with the level of knowledge were done. Relevant studies

from the review of literature and the integration of conceptual farm work, based on

the modified Dunns High level awareness Model, Developed for the investigator.

Characteristics of the demographic variables

The characteristics of the demographic variables, described in terms of their

frequency and percentage which showed that 27% were in the age group of 14-17

years, 73% were 18-21 years, Females 52% and Males 48%, academic Performance

were below <60% marks 23%, 75% and Above 63% and 14%, ordinal Position first

30%, second 53%, and Third 17%.religion in Hindu 39%.Residence were in urban

45%.

The first objective was to describe the level of knowledge on ill effects of drug

dependences.

56% inadequate level of knowledge and 41% Moderate Level of knowledge.

A study revels that the students had easy access to obtain drugs like cannabis,

amphetamines but they did not possess adequate knowledge of the ill-effects of

drugs39 and the present study also shows statistically that none of 100 students had

adequate knowledge on drugs.

Association between selected Demographic, familial and social factors with

the level of knowledge.Data analysis has shown that through chi-square test there is

55
no significant association between level of knowledge and selected demographic,

familial and social factors.

The second objective was to find out factors leading to drug dependence

Family Background.

53% were from nuclear type of family.46% had discussion with their parents

regarding their career.40% were self employed of occupation of Talker.

A study in Jaipur revealed 46.1% of drug addicts among the adolescence were

from nuclear families.40 The south India Police Journal reveals that ,the major

etiological factor for adolescents students going in to drug addiction is due to poor

Parental attitude towards their children.41

This correlates with the present study where majority of children come from

nuclear family. However 46% of children had very frequent discussions with parents

on career issues. However it is necessary to provide counseling on awareness of drug

dependences among adolescent students.

The third objective was to identify the types of drugs available in the market

49% of them take self Medication and 46% of them teke Medication if they

take serious physical symptoms and 58% of them with psychological symptoms.

Taking in to account the study conducted on drug awareness and dependences,

the results showed that the college students have knowledge and even admitted to

have taken drug at sometimes in their life.42

56
The Fourth objective was to assess the level of Knowledge on the behavioral

changes occurs due to drug Dependence

Taking the female adolescent characteristics, if may be pointed out that in a

study by castilla Nezzich et al in us reveals the use of drugs by females in

significantly correlated with risky sexual behavior at the age of menarche, through

there are socio-cultural differences between the adolescence of that study and present

study. This should be taken in to account for further in-depth study on drug awareness

and risky sex behaviour. 45% had urban location too their college a cultural shock of

the urban life may have lead to drug dependences.

Taking the level of marks it may be pointed out that , ‘A study on prevalence

of drug abuse with the similar educational group of adolescent found that tobacco,

cannabis and alcohol were the most abused drug of choice.’43

The fifth objective was to identify rehabilitative measures available at the state

level and National Level.

62% had large peer group and 62% accepts that drug dependences are a social

problem.

In the present study majority of children accepted that drug dependences is a

social problem where a study in the surat city has brought out the fact that 300 child

laborers use drugs due to macro and micro social stresses.44

According to the present study which revels that 62% had large peer group

brought out by a study results who had high rates of early peer relationship were

stepping in to problems of drug dependences in late adolescences years.45’

57
 CHAPTER-VII

CONCLUSION

The present study assessed the level of knowledge on ill effects of Drug

Dependences among adolescents. The result revealed that majority 56% are

inadequate level of knowledge and 41% are Moderate level of knowledge.

Demographic variables have influence on the level of knowledge in adolescents.

Implications on nursing

The investigator has drawn the following implications from the studies which

are of vital concern to the field of nursing services, nursing education, nursing

administration and nursing research.

Mental health nurses practitioners

The integration of mental health into primary health care should be reinforced

strongly at all levels. The community mental health nurse practitioners should

attempt at educating the Pre-university students, and the community adolescence

regarding drug and its ill effects. Knowledge can be created at the early high school

level through school health programmed. This can be followed by guidance and

counseling and referral services can be given. Involvement of community leaders by

mental health nurse practitioners in mental health.

Nursing Education

Knowledge and sensitized nurse educationist will be able to identify minor

problems of adjustments in adolescence within the context of socio-cultural and

religious factors. She can establish a counseling and guidance cell in every intuition.

58
Nursing Administration

They should try to be in contact with the school administrators and send the

nurses to school health programmers and help in the early identifications of

adolescent drug abusers. Nurse administrators should try to influence the Medias

impact negatively on drug dependences.

Nursing Research

This study can be further replicated the findings of the study can be

disseminated and implemented based on these findings nursing theories can be

evolved, which will strengthen the field of nursing research.

Recommendations for further study

On the basis of the findings of the study it is recommended that:

 A similar study can be conducted in any other setting and in rural community.

 A comparative study could be conducted between both the sexes.

 A similar study can be conducted in de-addiction group of adolescence who

has come for treatment.

Limitations

1. The sample size was limited to 100 students.

2. The study was limited to Adolescents students who study for Puc in 14-21

years.

3. The study setting was limited to Adolescents students who are studding in

Anupama PUC ,in Bangalore.

59
 CHAPTER- VIII

SUMMARY

This chapter comprises of summary for the present study from ancient period,

man has depended on the use of substance/drug for sleep producing effect. In the

modern world there is a struggle for existence and the survival of the fittest. Hence to

reduce anxiety one seeks refuge in drugs and alcohol to alter the state of mind.

Of mans various stages of life, adolescents seem to be the most crucial face in

shaping one’s life. They are basically risk takers. Drug depender among adolescence

was very common and the majority of them were experimental abusers. The new

environment they enter after learning school, the physiological and psychological

changes after puberty create a transitory change and put them into all new risk taking

activities due to mainly peer group influence. The investigator through her personal

and professional experience wanted to study the knowledge of drug dependences in

adolescence. They study done was to assess the level of knowledge on problems of

drug dependence, among the adolescent students in selected settings of Bangalore.

The objectives for this study were,

1. To describe the level of knowledge on ill effects of drug dependence.

2. To find out factors leading to drug dependence.

3. To identify the types of drugs available in the market.

4. To assess the level of knowledge on the behavioral changes occurs due to drug

dependence.

5. To identify Rehabilitative measures available at the state level and National

level.

60
Assumptions:

There is knowledge among the adolescents, group of students regarding

problems of drug dependences. The adolescents groups of student are capable of

expressing their review with regard to the problems of Drug Dependences.

Extensive review of literature and professional experience guided the

investigator to design the methodology and develop the tools for data collection the

conceptual framework for the study was based on Dunn’s high level wellness model.

This was modified into high level knowledge model. Knowledge has been categorized

in to high level Knowledge and low level Knowledge.

The investigator selected a descriptive surrey approach to assess the level of

Knowledge on problems of drug dependence among the adolescent students. The

setting of the study comprises of Anupama Pu college.

The age groups of the students were between 14-21 years.

The sample size consists of 100 adolescents students who fulfilled the

selection criteria.

The sampling technique used for the study was a structured questionnaire and

a 3 point rating scale.

The content validity of tools were obtained from experts, test re-test method

was used to check the reliability of the tool for the pilot study.

The ethical aspects of the research study was maintained throughout the study

period by getting formal permission from the authorities and consent from the

samples.The practicability and feasibility of the tools checked by the pilot study

61
enabled the investigator to collect data for the main study. The data collected was

analysed by using descriptive and the findings of the study revealed that the Overall

mean 10.46 indicates the level of knowledge of adolescents’ students on problems of

drug dependences is inadequate.

62
 CHAPTER-IX

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67
 CHAPTER - X

ANNEXURE -1

Letter seeking permission for conducting the study from The Princioal,
Anupama Pre-University College
Date:…………….

To
The principal,
Anupama Pre-University College,
West of chrod Road,IInd stage,
Mahalakshmipuram,Bangalore-560086.

Respected sir/Madam,

Subject: Requesting permission for data collection-reg

Mr.Vinoth Kumar. G., M.sc Nursing IInd year student of our college.He is

interested to conduct a study on “A study to assess the level of knowledge on ill

effects of drug dependence among adolescent in selected schools at Bangalore.”as

a partial fullfillment of M.sc Nursing curriculum requirement.I kindly request you to

grant him permission to conduct the study.

The study will not affect any individual or the institution in any aspect. The

study will be conducted in a descriptive Approach.so that he will not hinder the work

and he will abide by the rules and regulations of the institution.

If you are interested to know the finding of the study , a copy of the same will

be given to you after the university Examination.

Thanking you

Copy to: Youre Faithfully

Mr. Vinothkumar. G.
IInd Year Msc.Nursing Student
(Principal)

68
 ANNEXURE-2

LETTER GRANTING PERMISSION FOR CONDUCTING THE STUDY

69
 ANNEXURE-3
Letter seeking Experts opinion for content validity of the tool
From,
Mr.Vinoth kumar.G
M.sc (N) II nd year
Padmashree College of Nursing,
Bangalore -72.

To,

Respected Madam/Sir,

Sub: Seeking permission for Validation of the Research tool.

I, Mr.Vinoth kumar.G I yr M.Sc Nursing ( Psychiatric Nursing ) student of

Padmashree College of Nursing, request your good self; if you would kindly accept to

validate my research tool on the topic.

“A study to Assess the Level of Knowledge on illeffects of drug dependences

among adolesecents in selected school at Bangalore.”

I would be obliged if you would kindly affirm your acceptance to endorse your

valuable suggestions on this topic. I had attached the details of my study along with

the research

Thanking You in Anticipation

Yours Sincerely,

(Mr.Vinothkumar.G)

70
 ANNEXURE-4

Criteria rating scale for validity of tool

EVALUATION CRITERIA CHECK LIST

Kindly go through the evaluation criteria check list for validation of tool.

There are two columns given for your responses and a column for remarks. Kindly

place right mark() in the appropriate column and give your remarks.

S.No Content Yes No Remarks

1 Baseline data:
 All the characteristics necessary for the
study are included
2 Questionnaire:
 Covers the adequate content about
knowledge and illeffects of drug
dependences
 Questions ate arranged in sequence
 Questions are arranged in logical order
 Language is simple and easy to follow
 All items necessary to objective the
objective of the study are included
 Any technical terms that can be replace
by simple terms

71
Dear Madam/Sir

Kindly go through the content and place right mark () against questionnaire

in the following columns ranging from relevant to not relevant. When found to be

needs modifications, kindly give your opinion in the remarks given.

S.No Items Relevant Needs Not Remarks

modification relevant

Part-I

A. Demographic data

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16

72
B.Structured Interview Questionnaire to assess the Social back ground

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

C.Structured Interview Questionnaire to assess the ill-effects related to drugs

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

73
 Part II

Description of Level of Knowledge on illefects of Drug Dependences

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

74
 ANNEXURE-5

Content Validity Certificate

I hereby certify that I have validated the tool of Mr.Vinoth kumar.G ,

M.Sc nursing student, who is undertaking a study, “ A study to assess the level of

knowledge on illeffects of drug dependences among adolescents in selected school

at Bangalore.”

Place:

Date: Signature of Expert,

Name and designation of Expert

75
 ANNEXURE-6

List of Experts for content validity

Prof.Dase Gowda, M.Sc (N),

Principal and H.O.D,
Government College of Nursing,
Bangalore.

Prof.J Premakumari, M.Sc(N),

H.O.D of dept of Psychiatric Nursing,
Oxford Collage of Nursing,
Bangalore.

Prof.B.H.Rajashekariah, M.Sc(N),
Principal,
R.V.College of Nursing,
Bangalore.

Mr.Surendhar,
Biostatistition,
GKVK ,
Bangalore.

Dr.Satheesh,
R.M.O,
NIMHANS,
Wilson Garden,
Bangalore.

76
 ANNEXURE-7

Letter to the subjects requesting to participate in the study

Dear Respondents! I would like to inform you that I am Mr.Vinoth Kumar.G.,

PG student of Padmashree of college of Nursing ,Bangalore-72,conducting study

on,”A study to assess the level of Knowledge on ill effects of drug dependence

among adolescents in selected school at Bangalore.”This study goal is to find out

the level of Knowledge and illeffect of drug dependence among adolescents.Here, a

set of questions will be asked regarding the Knowledge and ill effects. I assure that

here is no any potential risk in this study.The information which collected during this

study will be kept confidential Participation of in this study is completely depends on

your wish and therre is no compulsion. If you would like to participate kindly give

your consent.Even after given consent also, you have right to withdraw from this

study. If you want to enquire any further information you can contact to

Mrs.Sharmila. J. M.sc(N),
Head of the Department,
Padmashree College of Nursing,
Nagarbhavi,
Bangalore-72.

77
 ANNEXURE – 8

Consent Form

Dear respondent,

I am a PG Nursing student (psychiatric Nursing) from Padmashree

College of Nursing, Bangalore, conducting a study on “ A study to assess the

level of knowledge on illeffects of drug dependences among adolescents in

selected school at Bangalore.” You will be asked questions regarding

knowledge and ill effects of drug dependences. The information which collected

will be kept confidential and used only for the study purpose. Kindly sign the

consent form.

Thanking You

Signature of the Respondent, Yours faithfully,

(Mr.Vinoth kumar.G)

78
 ANNEXURE-9

CERTIFICATE FOR ENGLISH EDITING

To Whom It May Concern

This is to certify that the tool developed by Mr.G.vinoth kumar, IInd

year M.sc Nursing student of Padmashree College of Nursing for his study, A

study to assess the level of knowledge on illeffects of drug dependences

among adolescents in selected school at Bangalore,” is edited for the English

language appropriateness by

79
 ANNEXURE-10

Structured interview questionnaire to assess the level of knowledge on

illerrects of drug dependence among adolescents

Dear Respondents!

Please Plack a tick mark in the space provide (√ ) which ever choice

you think is right please answer all items.

A.Demographic Variables:

1.Age (Years) [ ]

2.Sex
a)Male [ ]
b)Female [ ]

3.Qualification
a)High secondary [ ]
b)PUC [ ]
c)College [ ]

4.What is your Last Academic Performance(%)? [ ]

5.Ordinal Position
a)First [ ]
b)Second [ ]
c)Third
[ ]

80
 6.No of sibling
a)Nil [ ]
b)One [ ]
c)Two [ ]
d)Three [ ]

7.Religion
a)Hindu [ ]
b)Christian [ ]
c)Muslim [ ]
d)Others [ ]
8.Residence
a)Rural
[ ]
b)Urban [ ]
c)Semi urban [ ]
9.Type of Family
a) Joint [ ]
b)Nuclear [ ]
c)Extended [ ]
10.Family Income/Month(Rs)
[ ]

11.Are both your Parents alive?

a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]

12.At presnt with whom are you living with

a)Both your Parents [ ]
b)With mother/father [ ]
c) With Talker [ ]
d)Hostel [ ]

81
13.How often do you speak to your parents on your career?
a)Frequently [ ]
b)Rarely [ ]
c)Never [ ]

14.Qualification of Talker
a)Undergraduate [ ]
b)Post Graduate [ ]
c)Professional [ ]

15.Occupation of Talker
a)Self-employed [ ]
b)Managerial [ ]
c)Clerical [ ]
d)Skilled [ ]
e)Unskilled [ ]

16.Does anybody in your family use Drug/Alcohol?

a)Yes(specify the relationship) [ ]
b)No [ ]

B.Social Background
01.Do your participate in activities like
a)Sports [ ]
b)Clubs [ ]
c)Societies [ ]
d)Cultural [ ]
02.Do you use lcoholic beverages on any occasion?
a)At religious services [ ]
b)On social occasion [ ]
c) Other occasion [ ]
d)Never [ ]

82
 03.Is your peer group large?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
04.Do you have a dominant role in your peer group?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
05.Are you an introvert?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
c)Some times [ ]
06.Have you comes across your friends having encounter with drugs
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
c)Some times [ ]
07.What drugs they use?
a)Oral [ ]
b)Smoked [ ]
c)Shifted [ ]
d)Injected [ ]
e)Others [ ]
f)Not Applicable [ ]
08.What is their source of getting the drugs?
a)Pharmacy [ ]
b)Illicit
[ ]
c)Not known [ ]
d)Not applicable [ ]
09.Have they undergone treatment for de-addiction?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
c)Not applicable [ ]
10.Are you aware the drug addiction in a social Problem?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]

83
11.Do you participate in antisocial activities?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
C.Ill-effects related to drugs:
1.Do you take self –medication?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
2.Do you take frequently pain –killers?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
3.Do you sleeping pills for sleeplessness or during stress?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
c) Sometimes [ ]

4.Drug addiction can decrease one’s life span?

a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
c) Sometimes [ ]

5.Drug can cause serious physical and psychological symptoms

a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]

6.Drug is a sedative
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
7.Black coffee and cold beverage helps in obering up?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
8.Do you have habit of Tobacco chewing?
a)Yes [ ]
b)No [ ]
c) Sometimes [ ]

Part-II
84
Description of Level of Knowledge on illefects of Drug Dependences

S.No Statements Yes No Don’t

known
2 0 1
01 People do not get Physically dependent on Drug
02 Brown sugar increase the carrying for sweets
03 Drug abusers are difficult to work with
04 Youngsters from traditional,religious families never
become drug abusers
05 Drugs do not attack academic performances
06 People who know about drug can manage to use it in
control without getting addicted
07 Telling youngster not to drink or to take drug increase
their desire to try it
08 One can get addicted to drug used for Medical Purposes
09 Withdrawal Symptoms like tremors and nausea does not
appear during withdrawal from drugs
10 Handing drug addicts during withdrawal period in
difficult and risky.

85
 Scoring key
Statement of the prolbem:
A study to assess the level of knowledge on illeffects of drug dependence
among adolescents in selected school at Bangalore
Part-I
A.Demographic Variables - Coding key

Sl. No. Demographic Variables Coding key

1. Age
14-17 years 01
18-21 years
02
2. Sex
a)Male 01
b)Female 02
3. Qualification
a)High secondary 01
b)PUC 02
c)College 03

4. What is your Last Academic

Performance(%)?
< 60% 01
61-75 02
>75 03

5. Ordinal Position
a)First 01
b)Second 02
c)Third 03
6 No of sibling
a)Nil 01
b)One 02
c)Two 03
d)Three 04

86
7. Religion
a)Hindu 01
b)Christian 02
c)Muslim 03
d)Others 04
8. Residence
a)Rural 01
b)Urban 02
c)Semi urban 03
9 Type of Family
a) Joint 01
b)Nuclear 02
c)Extended 03

10. Family Income/Month(Rs)

<7000 01
7000-10,000 02
>10,000 03
10. Are both your Parents alive?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
11. Are both your Parents alive?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
12. At presnt with whom are you
living with
a)Both your Parents 01
b)With mother/father 02
c) With Talker 03
d)Hostel 04
13. How often do you speak to your
parents on your career?
a)Frequently 01
b)Rarely 02
c)Never 03

87
 14. Qualification of Talker
a)Undergraduate 01
b)Post Graduate 02
c)Professional 03
15. Occupation of Talker
a)Self-employed 01
b)Managerial 02
c)Clerical 03
d)Skilled 04
e)Unskilled 05
16 Does anybody in your family use
Drug/Alcohol?
a)Yes(specify the
relationship) 01
b)No 02
B.Social Background
1 Do your participate in activities
like
a)Sports 01
b)Clubs 02
c)Societies 03
d)Cultural 04
2 Do you use lcoholic beverages on
any occasion?
a)At religious services 01
b)On social occasion 02
c) Other occasion 03
d)Never 04
3 Is your peer group large?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
4. Do you have a dominant role in
your peer group?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
5. Are you an introvert?
a)Yes 01

88
 b)No 02
c)Some times 03
6. Have you comes across your
friends having encounter with
drugs
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
c)Some times 03
7. What drugs they use?
a)Oral 01
b)Smoked 02
c)Shifted 03
d)Injected 04
e)Others 05
f)Not Applicable 06
8. What is their source of getting the
drugs?
a)Pharmacy 01
b)Illicit 02
c)Not known 03
d)Not applicable 04
9. Have they undergone treatment for
de-addiction?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
c)Not applicable 03

10. Are you aware the drug addiction

in a social Problem?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
11. Do you participate in antisocial
activities?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
C.Ill-effects related to drugs:
1. Do you take self –medication?

89
 a)Yes 01
b)No 02
2. Do you take frequently pain –
killers?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
3. Do you sleeping pills for
sleeplessness or during stress?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
c)Sometimes 03
4. Drug addiction can decrease one’s
life span?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
c)Sometimes 03
5. Drug can cause serious physical
and psychological symptoms
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
6. Drug is a sedative
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
7. Black coffee and cold beverage
helps in obering up?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
8. Do you have habit of Tobacco
chewing?
a)Yes 01
b)No 02
c)Sometimes 03

Part-II

90
 Description of Level of Knowledge on illefects of Drug Dependences

Items Yes No Don’t Known

Total No of Iteam = 10 2 0 1

Total No of Iteam (10 x 2) = 20

Maximum score = 20

91