COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

Department of Electrical Engineering (Islamabad Campus)

Antenna Theory and Radio Waves Propagation

LAB # 3
Dipole Antennas

Lab Instructor: Bilal Tariq Malik Course Instructor: Adnan Iftikhar

Antenna Theory and Radio Wave Propagation

Spring 2012

Dipole Antennas
Note: Lab-2 is the pre-requisite of this Lab.

OBJECTIVE
This Lab is intended to show you how to Create, Simulate, and Analyze a Monopole and Dipole Antennas shown in Fig (1), using the Ansoft HFSS.

Fig (1): Dipole Antenna.

1 Lab-3. Dipole Antennas

Antenna Theory and Radio Wave Propagation

Spring 2012

Dipole Antenna:
A Dipole antenna is a radio antenna that can be made of a simple wire, with a centerfed driven element. It consists of two metal conductors of rod or wire, oriented parallel and collinear with each other (in line with each other), with a small space between them. The radio frequency voltage is applied to the antenna at the center, between the two conductors as shown in Fig: (1).

Design at f = 800MHz 1. Create Geometry of Dipole Antenna

Set Units Select the units mm. Set Material Select the material as Copper. Draw a Cylinder with Name: Pole1 Cylinder position X: 0.0 Y: 0.0 Z: 6.0 Draw a Cylinder with Name: Pole2 Cylinder position X: 0.0 Y: 0.0 Z: -6.0 Radius dX: 6.0 dY: 0.0 dZ: 0.0 Height dX: 0.0 dY: 0.0 dZ: -75.0 Radius dX: 6.0 dY: 0.0 dZ: 0.0 Height dX: 0.0 dY: 0.0 dZ: 75.0

To fit the view: Select the menu item View > Fit All > Active View

2 Lab-3. Dipole Antennas

Antenna Theory and Radio Wave Propagation

Spring 2012

2. Create Lumped Port Excitation

To set the Grid Plane: Select the menu item Modeler > Grid Plane > YZ Draw a rectangle with Name: Lumped Port Rectangle position X: 0 Y: -6.0 Z: -6.0 Opposite Corner dX: 0 dY: 12.0 dZ: 12.0

Fig (2): Lumped Port Excitation

3. Create Air
To set the default material: Using the 3D Modeler Materials toolbar, choose vacuum. Draw a box with Name: Air Box position X: -100 Y: -100 Z: -200 Opposite Corner dX: 200 dY: 200 dZ: 400

Fig (3): Air 3 Lab-3. Dipole Antennas

Antenna Theory and Radio Wave Propagation

Spring 2012

4. Create Radiation Boundary

a) To create a face list. Select the menu item Edit > Select > By Name. Select Object Dialog, o Select the objects named: Air o Click the OK button. Select the menu item HFSS > Boundaries > Assign > Radiation. Radiation Boundary window o Name: Rad1 o Click the OK button

5. Create a Radiation Setup

a) To define the radiation setup Select the menu item HFSS > Radiation > Insert Far Field Setup > Infinite Sphere Far Field Radiation Sphere Setup dialog. o Phi: Start: 0 Stop: 360 Step Size: 2 o Theta: Start: -180 Stop: 180 Step Size: 2 Click the OK button.

Analysis Setup
1. Creating an Analysis Setup
a) To create an analysis setup: Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Solution Setup. Solution Setup Window: Solution Frequency: 800 MHz Maximum Number of Passes: 20 Maximum Delta S per Pass: 0.002

Click the OK button.

4 Lab-3. Dipole Antennas

Antenna Theory and Radio Wave Propagation

Spring 2012

2. Adding a Frequency Sweep

a) To add a frequency sweep: Select the menu item HFSS > Analysis Setup > Add Sweep. o Select Solution Setup: Setup1 o Click the OK button. Edit Sweep Window: o Sweep Type: Fast. o Frequency Setup Type: Linear Count. Start: 600 MHz Stop: 1000 MHz Count: 100 Save Fields: Checked. o Click the OK button.

Analyze
1. Model Validation
a) To validate the model: Select the menu item HFSS > Validation Check. Click the Close button. Note: To view any errors or warning messages, use the Message Manager.

2. Analyze
a) To start the solution process: Select the menu item HFSS > Analyze.

5 Lab-3. Dipole Antennas

Antenna Theory and Radio Wave Propagation

Spring 2012

REPORTS
1. Create Modal S-Parameter Plot - Magnitude
Create report (Modal S-Parameter Plot - Magnitude) of the Model.

Fig (4): S-Parameter Plot

2. Create Far Field Radiation Pattern

Create report (Far Field Radiation Pattern & 3-D Polar Plot) of the Model.

Ansoft Corporation

Radiation Pattern 2
0

HFSSDesign1
Curve Info dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='0deg' dB(GainTotal) Setup1 : LastAdaptive Phi='90deg'

-30 -4.00

30

-18.00 -60 -32.00 60

-46.00

-90

90

-120

120

-150 -180

150

Fig (5): 2-D Radiation Pattern of Dipole Antenna. 6 Lab-3. Dipole Antennas

Antenna Theory and Radio Wave Propagation

Spring 2012

Fig (6): 3-D Polar Plot Dipole Antenna.

In-Lab Task:
Design a Dipole Antenna for f = 1800MHz and create Reports of the Model, also find out: Lower & Higher Frequencies Bandwidth of Antenna Max. Gain of Antenna Return loss at f=1800MHz Comparison of Radiation Patterns for f=800MHz & f=1800 MHz

Post- Lab Task:

Design a Dipole Antenna for (f = Reg. #/10) GHz and create Reports of the Model, also find out: Lower & Higher Frequencies Bandwidth of Antenna Max. Gain of Antenna Return loss at f= (Reg. #/10) GHz
7 Lab-3. Dipole Antennas