To Convert

Furlongs
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons (liq. Br. Imp.)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons of water
Gallons/min.
Gallons/min.
Gallons/min.
Grains (troy)
Grains (troy)
Grains (troy)
Grains (troy)
Grains/U.S. gal.
Grains/U.S. gal.
Grains/lmp. gal.
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams
Grams/liter
Gram-calories
Gram-caloories
Gram-calories
Gram-calories
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower (metric)
(542.5 ft. lb./sec.)
Horsepower
(550 ft. lb./sec.)
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower (boiler)
Horsepower (boiler)
Horsepower-hrs.
Horsepower-hrs.
Horsepower-hrs.
Inches
Inches
Inches
Inches
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of water (at 4C)
Inches of water (at 4C)
Inches of water (at 4C)
Inches of water (at 4C)
Inches of water (at 4C)
Inches of water (at 4C)
Joules
Kilograms
Kilograms
Kilograms/cu. meter
Kilograms/cu. meter
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.

H1

Into
feet
G
cu. cms.
cu. feet
cu. inches
cu. meters
cu. yards
liters
gallons (U.S. liq.)
gallons (Imp.)
pounds of water
cu. ft./sec.
liters/sec.
cu. ft./hr.
grains (avdp.)
grams
ounces (avdp.)
pennyweight (troy)
parts/million
pounds/million gal.
parts/million
grains
ounces (avdp.)
ounces (troy)
poundals
pounds
parts/million
Btu
foot-pounds
kilowatt-hrs.
watt-hrs.
H
Btu/min.
foot-lbs./min.
foot-lbs./sec.
horsepower
(550 ft. lb./sec.)
horsepower (metric)
(542.5 ft. lb./sec.)
kilowatts
watts
Btu/hr.
kilowatts
Btu
foot-lbs.
kilowatt-hrs.
I
centimeters
meters
millimeters
yards
atmospheres
feet of water
kgs./sq. cm.
kgs./sq.meter
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.
atmospheres
inches of mercury
kgs./sq./ cm.
ounces/sq. in.
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.
J
Btu
K
grams
pounds
pounds/cu. ft.
pounds/cu. in.
atmospheres
feet of water

Multiply by
660.0
3,785.0
0.1337
231.0
3.785 x 10-3
4.951 x 10-3
3.785
1.20095
0.83267
8.3453
2.228 x 10-3
0.06308
8.0208
1.0
0.06480
0.286 x 10-3
0.04167
17.118
142.86
14.286
15.43
0.03527
0.03215
0.07093
2.205 x 10-3
1,000.0
3.9683 x 10-3
3.0880
1.1630 x 10-4
1.1630 x 10-3
42.40
33,000.
550.0
0.9863
1.014
0.7457
745.7
33,520.
9.803
2,547.
1.98 x 106
0.7457
2.540
2.540 x 10-2
25.40
2.778 x 10-2
0.03342
1.133
0.03453
345.3
70.73
0.4912
2.458 x 10-3
0.07355
2.538 x 10-3
0.5781
5.204
0.03613

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

Into
Multiply by
A
Acres
sq. feet
43,560.0
Atmospheres
cms. of mercury
76.0
Atmospheres
ft. of water (at 4C)
33.90
Atmospheres
in. of mercury (at 0C)
29.92
Atmospheres
kgs./sq. cm.
1.0333
Atmospheres
pounds/sq. in.
14.70
B
Barrels (U.S. liquid)
gallons
31.5
Barrels (oil)
gallons (oil)
42.0
Btu
foot-lbs
778.3
Btu
grams-calories
252.0
Btu
horsepower-hrs.
3.931 x 10-4
Btu
kilowatt-hrs
2.928 x 10-4
Btu/hr.
horsepower
3.931 x 10-4
Btu/hr.
watts
0.2931
C
Calories, gram (mean)
B.t.u. (mean)
3.9685 x 10-3
Centigrade
Fahrenheit
9/5(C + 40) -40
Centimeters
feet
3.281 x 10-2
Centimeters
inches
0.3937
Centimeters
mils
393.7
Centimeters of mercury atmospheres
0.01316
Centimeters of mercury feet of water
0.4461
Centimeters of mercury pounds/sq. in.
0.1934
Circumference
radians
6.283
Cubic centimeters
cu. feet
3.531 x 10-5
Cubic centimeters
cu. inches
0.06102
Cubic centimeters
gallons (U.S. liq.)
2.642 x 10-4
Cubic feet
cu. cms.
28,320.0
Cubic feet
cu. inches
1,728.0
Cubic feet
gallons (U.S. liq.)
7.481
Cubic feet
liters
28.32
Cubic feet
quarts (U.S. liq.)
29.92
Cubic feet/min.
gallons/sec.
0.1247
Cubic feet/min.
pounds of water/min.
62.43
Cubic inches
cu. cms.
16.39
Cubic inches
gallons
4.329 x 10-3
Cubic inches
quarts (U.S. liq.)
0.01732
Cubic meters
cu. feet
35.31
Cubic meters
gallons (U.S. liq)
264.2
Cubic yards
cu. feet
27.0
Cubic yards
cu. meters
0.7646
Cubic yards
gallons (U.S. liq.)
202.0
D
Degrees (angle)
radians
0.01745
Drams (apothecaries or troy) ounces (avoirdupois)
0.13714
Drams (apothecaries or troy) ounces (troy)
0.125
Drams (U.S. fluid or apothecary) cubic cm.
3.6967
Drams
grams
1.772
Drams
grains
27.3437
Drams
ounces
0.0625
F
Fahrenheit
centigrade
5/9(F + 40) - 40
Feet
centimeters
30.48
Feet
kilometers
3.048 x 10-4
Feet
meters
0.3048
Feet
miles (naut.)
1.645 x 10-4
Feet
miles (stat.)
1.894 x 10-4
Feet of water
atmospheres
0.02950
Feet of water
in. of mercury
0.8826
Feet of water
kgs./sq. cm.
0.03045
Feet of water
kgs./sq. meter
304.8
Feet of water
pounds/sq. ft.
62.43
Feet of water
pounds/sq. in.
0.4335
Foot-pounds
Btu
1.286 x 10-3
Foot-pounds
gram-calories
0.3238
Foot-pounds
hp.-hrs.
5.050 x 10-7
Foot-pounds
kilowatt-hrs.
3.766 x 10-7
Foot-pounds/min.
Btu/min.
1.286 x 10-8
Foot-pounds/min.
horsepower
3.030 x 10-5
Foot-pounds/sec.
Btu/hr.
4.6263
Furlongs
miles
0.125

SOLENOID
VALVES

To Convert

INSTRUMENTS

Table 33: Conversions

LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS

conversions table

VALVES &
ACTUATION

FAX: 206-776-8900

AUXILIARY
ITEMS

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

SANITARY

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

9.480 x 10-4
1,000.0
2.205
0.06243
3.613 x 10-5
0.9678
32.84

REFERENCE
INDUSTRIAL
CHARTS
SUPPLIES

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

FAX: 206-776-8900

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

conversions table

SOLENOID
VALVES
INSTRUMENTS
LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS

To Convert
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. cm.
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. meter
Kilograms/sq. mm.
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram-calories
Kilogram meters
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatt-hrs
Kilowatt-hrs.
Kilowatt-hrs
Knots
Liters
Liters
Liters
Liters

VALVES &
ACTUATION
AUXILIARY
ITEMS

Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Microns
Microns
Miles (statute)
Miles (statute)
Miles/hr.
Miles/hr.
Mils
Mils
Nepers

SANITARY

Ohms
Ohms
Ounces (avoirdupois)
Ounces (avoirdupois)
Ounces (avoirdupois
Ounces (avoirdupois)
Ounces (avoirdupois
Ounces (troy)
Ounces (troy)
Ounces (troy)
Ounces (troy)

REFERENCE
CHARTS

Parts/million
Parts/million
Parts/million
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)
Pounds (avoirdupois)

Into
inches of mercury
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
pounds/sq. ft.
pounds/sq. in.
kgs./sq. meter
Btu
foot-pounds
hp-hrs.
kilowatt-hrs.
Btu
centimeters
feet
miles
Btu/min.
foot-lbs/min.
foot-lbs/sec.
horsepower
watts
Btu
foot-lbs.
horsepower-hrs
statute miles/hr.
L
cu. cm.
cu. feet
cu. inches
gallons (U.S. liq.)
M
centimeters
feet
inches
millimeters
yards
inches
meters
feet
kilometers
cms./sec.
feet/min.
inches
yards
N
decibels
O
megohms
microhms
drams
grains
grams
pounds
ounces (troy)
grains
grains
ounces (avdp.)
pounds (troy)
P
grains/U.S. gal.
grains/lmp. gal
pounds/million gal.
ounces (troy)
drams
grains
grams
kilograms
ounces
tons (short)

Multiply by
28.96
2,048
14.22
9.678 x 10-5
3.281 x 10-3
2.896 x 10-3
0.2048
1.422 x 10-3
106
3.968
3,088.
1.560 x 10-3
1.163 x 10-3
9.294 x 10-3
105
3,281.
0.6214
56.87
4.426 x 104
737.6
1.341
1,000.0
3,413.
2.655 x 106
1.341
1.151
1,000.0
0.03531
61.02
0.2642
100.0
3.281
39.37
1,000.0
1.094
39.37 x 10-6
1 x 10-6
5.280.
1.609
44.70
88.
0.001
2.778 x 10-5
8.686
10-6
106
16.0
437.5
28.35
0.0625
0.9115
480.0
31.10
1.09714
0.08333
0.0584
0.07016
8.33
14.58
256.
7,000.
453.59
0.454
16.0
0.0005

To Convert
Pounds (troy)
Pounds of water
Pounds of water
Pounds of water
Pounds of water/min.
Pounds/cu. ft.
Pounds/cu. ft.
Pounds/cu. ft.
Pounds/cu. in.
Pounds/sq. ft.
Pounds/sq. ft.
Pounds/sq. ft.
Pounds/sq. in.
Pounds/sq. in.
Pounds/sq. in.
Pounds/sq. in.
Pounds/sq. in.

R
degrees
degrees/sec.
radians/sec.
revs./sec.
S
Square centimeters
sq. feet
Square centimeters
sq. inches
Square centimeters
sq. meters
Square centimeters
sq. millimeters
Square feet
acres
Square feet
sq. cms.
Square feet
sq. inches
Square feet
sq. miles
Square inches
sq. cms.
Square inches
sq. feet
Square inches
sq. yards
Square meters
sq. feet
Square meters
sq. inches
Square meters
sq. millimeters
Square meters
sq. yards
Square millimeters
sq. inches
Square yards
sq. feet
Square yards
sq. inches
Square yards
sq. meters
T
Temperature (C) + 273 absolute temperature (C)
Temperature (C) + 17.78 temperature (F)
Temperature (F) + 460 absolute temperature (F)
Temperature (F) - 32
temperature (C)
Tons (long)
kilograms
Tons (long)
pounds
Tons (long)
tons (short)
Tons (metric)
kilograms
Tons (metric)
pounds
Tons (short)
kilograms
Tons (short)
pounds
Tons (short)
tons (long)
Tons of water/24 hrs.
pounds of water/hr.
Tons of water/24 hrs.
gallons/min.
Tons of water/24 hrs.
cu. ft./hr.
W
Watts
Btu/hr.
Watts
Btu/min.
Watts
horsepower
Watts
horsepower (metric)
Watts
kilowatts
Watts (Abs.)
B.t.u. (mean)/min.
Watt-hours
Btu
Watt-hours
horsepower-hrs.
Radians
Revolutions/min.
Revolutions/min.
Revolutions/min.

Yards
Yards
Yards

H2

Into
ounces (avdp.)
cu. feet
cu. inches
gallons
cu. ft/sec.
grams/cu. cm.
kgs./cu. meter
pounds/cu. in.
pounds/cu. ft.
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
atmospheres
feet of water
inches of mercury
kgs./sq. meter
pounds/sq. ft.

Y
centimeters
kilometers
meters

Multiply by
13.1657
0.01602
27.68
0.1198
2.670 x 10-4
0.01602
16.02
5.787 x 10-4
1,728.
4.725 x 10-4
0.01602
0.01414
0.06804
2.307
2.036
703.1
144.0
57.30
6.0
0.1047
0.01667
1.076 x 10-3
0.1550
0.0001
100.0
2.296 x 10-5
929.0
144.0
3.587 x 10-6
6.452
6.944 x 10-3
7.716 x 10-4
10.76
1,550.
106
1.196
1.550 x 10-3
9.0
1,296.
0.8361
1.0
1.8
1.0
5/9
1,016.
2,240.
1.120
1,000.
2,205.
907.2
2,000.
0.89287
83.333
0.16643
1.3349
3.4129
0.05688
1.341 x 10-3
1.360 x 10-3
0.001
0.056884
3.413
1.341 x 10-3
91.44
9.144 x 10-4
0.9144

92

1.73004

cm H2 O 0.0142229

0.0625

0.0145

14.5038

oz/in 2

mbar

bar

5.358

0.1934

0.4911542

cm Hg

in Hg

12950 W. Eight Mile Road Oak Park, MI 48237-3288 248/399-8000 FAX: 248/399-7246 www.trerice.com

H3

145.04

0.433515

1.42229

14.696

MPa

ft H2O

m H2 O

atm

12

10,343

1000

304.80

0.0227

0.2321

0.227566

1
1000

4.31

0.98

0.098

2.488

68.95

mbar

33.86

13.33

22.7566

6.93624

2321

2.320603

0.02988981

10

0.01

0.98066494

0.03386389

0.01333

0.001333225

0.001

REFERENCE
INDUSTRIAL
CHARTS
SUPPLIES

SANITARY

AUXILIARY
ITEMS

x 0.7854 x psi) / 2000 = Tons on ram

1.033231

0.099997

0.03047912

10.2

0.01019716

0.0069

0.00001
0.0001

0.1

0.0001

0.00339

0.00133

101.32535 0.1013

1/1/2001

LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS

INSTRUMENTS

C = (R x 1.25)

Water freezes at 32F, 0C and 0R

1
0.002988981

0.001

2.306723
0.0254

0.70308927

m H2 O

0.04394308

0.01

0.01359554

10.197466

334.56218

0.3345618

32.809312

1.132957

10.332633

0.3048

0.0967814

0.02949896

SOLENOID
VALVES

R = (C x 0.80)

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

R = Degrees Reaumur
R = (F 32) x 0.4444

33.8995

0.009869235

0.967841598

0.0334211

0.01316

0.0013157895

0.986923

0.000987

0.004252875

0.000967814

0.000097

0.00245825

0.0680460

atm

101.9748043 9.869

0.1019745

10.00028

0.3453253

0.44604625 0.13595509

0.0446046

33.4833

0.03345622 0.00101972

0.14417

0.032808

0.00328084 0.001

0.08333

9.8063439 0.0098063439 3.2808399

2.988981

1000

98.066494 0.0981

3.386389

1.333

0.1333225 0.000133

100

0.1

0.4309223 0.00043

0.980634

0.0098

0.2490819 0.00025

ft H 2O

pressure & temperature conversion

VALVES &
ACTUATION

0.0345316

0.0136

Water boils at 212F, 100C and 80R

At sea level:

F = (R x 2.25) + 32

(Dia.2

1.019716

0.00102

0.04394308

0.00099997

0.0001

0.00254219

MPa

C = Degrees Celsius
C = (F 32) x 0.5555

(Tons on ram x 2000) / (0.7854 x dia.2) = psi

299,213

F = Degrees Fahrenheit
F = (C x 1.8) + 32

76

7.35537 2.89581

Use the formulas below to convert tons

on a given diameter ram to psi.

760

295.3

0.2952997

28.95901

0.394

kPa

0.070306958 6.894757

kg/cm 2

0.039370079 0.00135951

29.53

0.0295

0.12725125

2.24192 0.882646

750

0.75

73.56

2.54

0.1

75

0.075

0.323

Temperature Conversion

1.0132535

73.55372

22.4192

7500

7.500610

735.5588

25.4

10

750.0626

0.75

0.004309223 3.23218

0.0289581

0.00735 0.00289

0.0735539

Hydraulic Ram Conversion

1013

0.0735

in Hg

5.71486 2.03602

cm Hg

0.0735539 0.187

51.71486

mm Hg

0.000980634 0.7355372 0.0735

0.000098

0.00249

0.06894757

bar

980.66494 0.98066494

29.88981

10,000

10

227.57349 980.7

7.85847

3.10

0.3093888 1.333

1033.2633 235.136

100

30.48

10,207

10.19745

1000.028

34.53253

13.61

1.359554

1019.7466 232.0608

1.021

4.394308

0.1

0.578020

70.308927 16

2.54

All units of H2 O at 39.2F(4C), all units of Hg at 32F(0C)

406.794

39.370079

102,074

102.07

4.014742

0.1450377

kPa

4019

393.711806 100,010

345.7

136.1

13.61

10,210

10.21

43.986

10

kg/cm 2 14.223343

13.595484

0.535255

mm Hg 0.0193368

401.8596

0.4012

0.0394

0.3937

mm H2 O 0.001421

703.8

25.4

oz/in 2

FAX: 206-776-8900

27.68068

mm H2 O cm H2 O

0.03612628

in H2O

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

in H2O

psi

FROM

TO psi

1. Find the units you wish to convert FROM in the left hand column. 2. Find the units you wish to convert TO in the top row.
3. Insert the multiplier shown at the intersection into the following formula: FROM units x MULTIPLIER = TO units
Example: 100 psi x 6.894757 = 689.475 kPa

Using the Table

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

FAX: 206-776-8900

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

steam saturation table

SOLENOID
VALVES
INSTRUMENTS
LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS
VALVES &
ACTUATION
AUXILIARY
ITEMS
SANITARY
REFERENCE
CHARTS

Gauge
Pressure
psig

Absolute
Pressure
psia

Temperature
Degrees F

Sensible
(hf)
BTU/LB

Latent
(hfg)
BTU/lb

Total (hg)
BTU/lb

Specific
Volume
Steam (Vg) ft3/lb

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
110

14.7
15.7
16.7
17.7
18.7
19.7
20.7
21.7
22.7
23.7
24.7
25.7
26.7
27.7
28.7
29.7
30.7
31.7
32.7
33.7
34.7
36.7
38.7
40.7
42.7
44.7
46.7
48.7
50.7
52.7
54.7
56.7
58.7
60.7
62.7
64.7
66.7
68.7
70.7
72.7
74.7
76.7
78.7
80.7
82.7
84.7
86.7
88.7
90.7
92.7
94.7
96.7
98.7
100.7
102.7
104.7
106.7
108.7
110.7
112.7
114.7
116.7
118.7
120.7
122.7
124.7

212.0
215.4
218.5
221.5
224.5
227.4
230.0
232.4
234.8
237.1
239.4
241.6
243.7
245.8
247.9
249.8
251.7
253.6
255.4
257.2
258.8
262.3
265.3
268.3
271.4
274.0
276.7
279.4
281.9
284.4
286.7
289.0
291.3
293.5
205.6
297.7
299.7
301.7
303.6
305.5
307.4
309.2
310.9
312.7
314.3
316.0
317.7
319.3
320.9
322.4
323.9
325.5
326.9
328.4
329.9
331.2
332.6
333.9
335.3
336.6
337.9
339.2
340.5
341.7
343.0
344.2

180.2
183.6
186.8
189.8
192.7
195.5
198.1
200.6
203.1
205.5
207.9
210.1
212.3
214.4
216.4
218.4
220.3
222.2
224.0
225.8
227.5
230.9
234.2
237.3
240.2
243.0
245.9
248.5
251.1
253.7
256.1
258.5
260.8
263.0
265.2
267.4
269.4
271.5
273.5
275.3
277.1
279.0
280.9
282.8
284.5
286.2
288.0
289.4
291.2
292.9
294.5
296.1
297.6
299.1
300.6
302.1
303.5
304.9
306.3
307.7
309.0
310.3
311.6
313.0
314.3
315.5

970.6
968.4
966.4
964.5
962.6
960.8
959.2
957.6
956.0
954.5
952.9
951.5
950.1
948.6
947.3
946.0
944.8
943.5
942.4
941.2
940.1
937.8
935.8
933.5
931.6
929.7
927.6
925.8
924.0
922.1
920.4
918.6
917.0
915.4
913.8
912.2
901.7
909.2
907.8
906.5
905.3
904.0
902.6
901.2
900.0
898.8
897.5
896.5
895.1
893.9
892.7
891.5
890.3
889.2
888.1
887.0
885.8
884.8
883.7
882.6
881.6
880.6
879.6
878.5
877.5
876.5

1150.8
1152.0
1153.2
1154.3
1155.3
1156.3
1157.3
1158.2
1159.1
1160.0
1160.8
1161.6
1162.3
1163.0
1163.7
1164.4
1165.1
1165.7
1166.4
1167.0
1167.6
1168.7
1170.0
1170.8
1171.8
1172.7
1173.5
1174.3
1175.1
1175.8
1176.5
1177.1
1177.8
1178.4
1179.0
1179.6
1180.1
1180.7
1181.3
1181.8
1182.4
1183.0
1183.5
1184.0
1184.5
1185.0
1185.5
1185.9
1185.9
1186.8
1187.2
1187.6
1187.9
1188.3
1188.7
1189.1
1189.3
1189.7
1190.0
1190.3
1190.6
1190.9
1191.2
1191.5
1191.8
1192.0

26.8
25.2
23.8
22.5
21.4
20.4
19.4
18.6
17.9
17.2
16.5
15.9
15.3
14.8
14.3
13.9
13.4
13
12.7
12.3
12
11.4
10.8
10.3
9.87
9.46
9.08
8.73
8.40
8.11
7.83
7.57
7.33
7.10
6.89
6.68
6.50
6.32
6.16
6.00
5.84
5.70
5.56
5.43
5.31
5.19
5.08
4.97
4.87
4.77
4.67
4.58
4.49
4.41
4.33
4.25
4.17
4.10
4.03
3.96
3.90
3.83
3.77
3.71
3.65
3.60

H4

112
114
116
118
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
420
440

Gauge
Pressure
psig
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
640
660
680
700
720
740
760
780
800

126.7
128.7
130.7
132.7
134.7
139.7
144.7
149.7
154.7
159.7
164.7
169.7
174.7
179.7
184.7
189.7
194.7
199.7
204.7
209.7
214.7
224.7
234.7
244.7
254.7
264.7
274.7
284.7
294.7
304.7
314.7
324.7
334.7
344.7
354.7
364.7
374.7
384.7
394.7
404.7
414.7
434.7
454.7
Absolute
Pressure
psia
474.7
494.7
514.7
534.7
554.7
574.7
594.7
614.7
634.7
654.7
674.7
694.7
714.7
734.7
754.7
774.7
794.7
814.7

Temperature
Degrees F

Sensible
(hf)
BTU/LB

Latent
(hfg)
BTU/lb

Total (hg)
BTU/lb

Specific
Volume
Steam (Vg) ft3/lb

345.4
346.5
347.7
348.9
350.1
352.8
355.6
358.3
360.9
363.5
365.9
368.3
370.7
372.9
375.2
377.5
379.6
381.6
383.7
385.7
387.7
391.7
395.5
399.1
402.7
406.1
409.3
412.5
415.8
418.8
421.7
424.7
427.5
430.3
433.0
435.7
438.3
440.8
443.3
445.7
448.1
452.8
457.3

316.8
318.0
319.3
320.5
321.8
324.7
327.6
330.6
333.2
335.9
338.6
341.1
343.6
346.1
348.5
350.9
353.2
355.4
357.6
359.9
362.0
366.2
370.3
374.2
378.0
381.7
385.3
388.8
392.3
395.7
398.9
402.1
405.2
408.3
411.3
414.3
417.2
420.0
422.8
425.6
428.2
433.4
438.5

875.5
874.5
873.5
872.5
871.5
869.3
866.9
864.5
862.5
860.3
858.0
856.0
853.9
851.8
849.8
847.9
845.9
844.1
842.2
840.2
838.4
834.8
831.2
827.8
824.5
821.2
817.9
814.8
811.6
808.5
805.5
802.6
799.7
796.7
793.8
791.0
788.2
785.4
782.7
779.9
777.4
772.2
767.1

1192.3
1192.5
1192.8
1193.0
1193.3
1194.0
1194.5
1195.1
1195.7
1196.2
1196.6
1197.1
1197.5
1197.9
1198.3
1198.8
1199.1
1195.5
1199.8
1200.1
1200.4
1201.0
1201.5
1202.0
1202.5
1202.9
1203.2
1203.6
1203.9
1204.2
1204.4
1204.7
1204.9
1205.0
1205.1
1205.3
1205.4
1205.4
1205.5
1205.5
1205.6
1205.6
1205.6

3.54
3.49
3.44
3.39
3.34
3.23
3.12
3.02
2.93
2.84
2.76
2.68
2.61
2.54
2.48
2.41
2.35
2.30
2.24
2.18
2.14
2.04
1.96
1.88
1.81
1.74
1.68
1.62
1.57
1.52
1.47
1.43
1.39
1.35
1.31
1.27
1.24
1.21
1.18
1.15
1.12
1.07
1.02

Temperature
Degrees F

Sensible
(hf)
BTU/LB

Latent
(hfg)
BTU/lb

Total (hg)
BTU/lb
ft3/lb

Specific
Volume
Steam (Vg)

461.7
465.9
470.0
474.0
477.8
481.6
485.2
488.8
492.3
495.7
499.0
502.2
505.4
508.5
51.5
514.5
517.5
520.3

443.4
448.3
453.0
457.6
462.0
466.4
470.7
474.8
479.0
483.0
486.9
490.7
494.4
498.2
501.9
505.5
509.0
512.5

762.1
757.1
752.3
747.5
742.8
738.1
733.5
729.1
724.5
720.1
715.8
711.5
707.4
703.1
698.9
694.7
690.7
686.6

1205.5
1205.4
1205.3
1205.1
1204.8
1205.5
1204.2
1203.9
1203.5
1203.1
1202.7
1202.2
1201.8
1201.3
1200.8
1200.2
0099.7
1199.1

.98
.94
.902
.868
.835
.805
.776
.750
.726
.703
.681
.660
.641
.623
.605
.588
.572
.557

H5

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

Absolute
Pressure
psia

SOLENOID
VALVES

Gauge
Pressure
psig

INSTRUMENTS

LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS

steam saturation table

VALVES &
ACTUATION

FAX: 206-776-8900

AUXILIARY
ITEMS

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

SANITARY

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

REFERENCE
INDUSTRIAL
CHARTS
SUPPLIES

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

FAX: 206-776-8900

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

superheated steam correction factor table

Gauge Saturated
Pressure Temp.

TOTAL STEAM TEMPERATURE IN DEGREES FARENHEIT

SOLENOID
VALVES

PSI

340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760

15

250

.99 .99

.98 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88

.87 .86 .86 .85 .84 .83 .83 .82

20

259

.99 .99

.98 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88

.87 .86 .86 .85 .84 .83 .83 .82

40

287 1.00 .99

.99 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88

.87 .86 .86 .85 .84 .84 .83 .82

60

308 1.00 .99

.99 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88

.87 .86 .86 .85 .84 .84 .83 .82

80

324 1.00 1.00

.99 .99 .98 .97 .96 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .86 .85 .84 .84 .83 .82

INSTRUMENTS
LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS
VALVES &
ACTUATION
AUXILIARY
ITEMS
SANITARY

100

338 -

1.00 1.00 .99 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .85 .84 .83 .82

120

350 -

1.00 1.00 .99 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .85 .84 .83 .82

140

361 -

1.00 1.00 .99 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .85 .84 .83 .82

160

371 -

1.00 .99 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84 .83 .82

180

380 -

1.00 .99 .98 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84 .83 .83

200

388 -

1.00 .99 .99 .97 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84 .83 .83

220

395 -

1.00 1.00 .99 .98 .96 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90

.89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84 .84 .83

240

403 -

1.00 .99 .98 .97 .95 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90

.89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84 .84 .83

260

409 -

1.00 .99 .98 .97 .96 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90

.89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .85 .84 .83

280

416 -

1.00 1.00 .99 .97 .96 .95 .93 .92 .91 .90

.89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .85 .84 .83

300

422 -

1.00 .99 .98 .96 .95 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .86 .85 .84 .83

350

436 -

1.00 1.00 .99 .97 .96 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84 .83

400

448 -

1.00 .99 .98 .96 .95 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84 .84

450

460 -

1.00 .99 .97 .96 .94 .93 .92 .91 .89 .88 .87 .86 .86 .84 .84

500

470 -

1.00 .99 .98 .96 .94 .93 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84

550

480 -

1.00 .99 .97 .95 .94 .92 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84

600

489 -

1.00 .99 .98 .96 .94 .93 .92 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85 .84

650

497 -

1.00 .99 .97 .95 .94 .92 .91 .90 .89 .87 .86 .86 .85

700

506 -

1.00 .99 .97 .96 .94 .93 .91 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85

750

513 -

1.00 1.00 .98 .96 .95 .93 .92 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86 .85

800

520 -

1.00 .99 .97 .95

.94 .92 .91 .90 .88 .87 .86 .85

850

527 -

1.00 .99 .98 .96

.94 .93 .92 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86

900

533 -

1.00 1.00 .99 .97

.95 .93 .92 .90 .89 .88 .87 .86

950

540 -

1.00 .99 .97 .95 .94 .92 .91 .89 .88 .87 .86

1000

546 -

1.00 .99 .98

REFERENCE
CHARTS

H6

.96 .94 .93 .91 .90 .89 .87 .86

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

11/4

11/2

21/2

31/2

10

12

125 lb CAST IRON ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)1
Diameter of Bolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts

41/4
7
/16
31/8
4
1
/2

45/8
1
/2
31/2
4
1
/2

5
9
/16
37/8
4
1
/2

6
5
/8
43/4
4
5
/8

/16
51/2
4
5
/8

71/2
3
/4
6
4
5
/8

81/2
13
/16
7
8
5
/8

9
15
/16
71/2
8
5
/8

10
15
/16
81/2
8
3
/4

11
1
91/2
8
3
/4

131/2
11/8
113/4
8
3
/4

16
13/16
141/4
12
7
/8

19
11/4
17
12
7
/8

47/8
11
/16
211/16
31/2
4
5
/8

51/4
3
/4
31/16
37/8
4
5
/8

61/8
13
/16
39/16
41/2
4
3
/4

61/2
7
/8
43/16
5
8
5
/8

71/2
1
415/16
57/8
8
3
/4

81/4
11/8
511/16
65/8
8
3
/4

9
13/16
65/16
71/4
8
3
/4

10
11/4
615/16
77/8
8
3
/4

11
13/8
85/16
91/4
8
3
/4

121/2
17/16
911/16
105/8
12
3
/4

15
15/8
1115/16
13
12
7
/8

171/2
17/8
141/16
151/4
16
1

201/2
2
167/16
173/4
16
11/8

7
9
/16
51/2
4
5
/8

71/2
5
/8
6
4
5
/8

81/2
11
/16
7
8
5
/8

9
11
/16
71/2
8
5
/8

10
3
/4
81/2
8
3
/4

11
13
/16
91/2
8
3
/4

131/2
15
/16
113/4
8
3
/4

16
1
141/4
12
7
/8

19
11/16
17
12
7
/8

10
11/16
77/8
8
3
/4

11
11/8
91/4
8
3
/4

121/2
13/16
105/8
12
3
/4

15
13/8
13
12
7
/8

125 lb flanges have plain faces.

250 lb CAST IRON ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)2
Diameter of Raised Face
Diameter of Bolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts
2

250 lb flanges have a 1/16 raised face which is included in the flange thickness dimensions.

150 lb BRONZE ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)3
Diameter of Bolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts
3

80

6
1
/2
43/4
4
5
/8

33/4
1
/2
25/8
4
1
/2

45/8
17
/32
31/4
4
5
/8

47/8
19
/32
31/2
4
5
/8

51/4
5
/8
37/8
4
5
/8

61/8
11
/16
41/2
4
3
/4

61/2
3
/4
5
8
5
/8

71/2
13
/16
57/8
8
3
/4

81/4
29
/32
65/8
8
3
/4

9
31
/32
71/4
8
3
/4

31/2

13/8
23/8
4
1
/2

37/8

111/16
23/4
4
1
/2

41/4
7
/16
2
31/8
4
1
/2

45/8
1
/2
21/2
31/2
4
1
/2

5
9
/16
27/8
37/8
4
1
/2

6
5
/8
35/8
43/4
4
5
/8

/16
41/8
51/2
4
5
/8

71/2
3
/4
5
6
4
5
/8

81/2
13
/16
51/2
7
8
5
/8

9
15
/16
63/16
71/2
8
5
/8

10
15
/16
75/16
81/2
8
3
/4

11
1
81/2
91/2
8
3
/4

131/2
11/8
105/8
113/4
8
3
/4

16
13/16
123/4
141/4
12
7
/8

19
11/4
15
17
12
7
/8

71/2
1
41/8
57/8
8
3
/4

81/4
11/8
5
65/8
8
3
/4

9
13/16
51/2
71/4
8
3
/4

10
11/4
63/16
77/8
8
3
/4

11
13/8
75/16
91/4
8
3
/4

121/2
17/16
81/2
105/8
12
3
/4

15
15/8
105/8
13
12
7
/8

171/2
17/8
123/4
151/4
16
1

201/2
2
15
173/4
16
11/8

71/2
11/8
41/8
57/8
8
3
/4

81/4
11/4
5
65/8
8
3
/4

9
13/8
51/2
71/4
8
7
/8

10
13/8
63/16
77/8
8
7
/8

11
11/2
75/16
91/4
8
7
/8

121/2
15/8
81/2
105/8
12
7
/8

15
17/8
105/8
13
12
1

171/2
21/8
123/4
151/4
16
11/8

201/2
21/4
15
173/4
16
11/4

81/4
11/4
5
65/8
8
3
/4

9
13/8
51/2
71/4
8
7
/8

103/4
11/2
63/16
81/2
8
7
/8

13
13/4
75/16
101/2
8
1

14
17/8
81/2
111/2
12
1

161/2
23/16
105/8
133/4
12
11/8

20
21/2
123/4
17
16
11/4

22
25/8
15
191/4
20
11/4

11

33/4

13/8
25/8
4
1
/2

45/8

111/16
31/4
4
5
/8

47/8
11
/16
2
31/2
4
5
/8

51/4
3
/4
21/2
37/8
4
5
/8

61/8
13
/16
2-7/8
41/2
4
3
/4

61/2
7
/8
35/8
5
8
5
/8

33/4
9
/16
13/8
25/8
4
1
/2

45/8
5
/8
111/16
31/4
4
5
/8

47/8
11
/16
2
31/2
4
5
/8

51/4
13
/16
21/2
37/8
4
5
/8

61/8
7
/8
27/8
41/2
4
3
/4

61/2
1
35/8
5
8
5
/8

400 lb steel flanges have a 1/4 raised face which is NOT included in the flange thickness dimensions.

600 lb STEEL ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)8
Diameter of Raised Face
Diameter ofBolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts
8

5
7
/16
37/8
4
1
/2

300 lb steel flanges have a 1/16 raised face which is included in the flange thickness dimensions.

400 lb STEEL ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)7
Diameter of Raised Face
Diameter of Bolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts
7

45/8
13
/32
31/2
4
1
/2

150 lb steel flanges have a 1/16raised face which is included in the flange thickness dimensions.

300 lb STEEL ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)6
Diameter of Raised Face
Diameter of Bolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts
6

41/4
3
/8
31/8
4
1
/2

300 lb bronze flanges have plain faces with two concentric gasket-retaining grooves between the port and the bolt holes.

150 lb STEEL ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)5
Diameter of Raised Face
Diameter of Bolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts
5

37/8
11
/32
23/4
4
1
/2

150 lb bronze flanges have plain faces with two concentric gasket-retaining grooves between the port and the bolt holes.

300 lb BRONZE ANSI

Diameter of Flange
Thickness of Flange (min)4
Diameter of Bolt Circle
Number of Bolts
Diameter of Bolts
4

31/2
5
/16
23/8
4
1
/2

VALVES &
ACTUATION

11

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

3/4

SOLENOID
VALVES

1/2

33/4
9
/16
13/8
25/8
4
1
/2

45/8
5
/8
111/16
31/4
4
5
/8

47/8
11
/16
2
31/2
4
5
/8

51/4
13
/16
21/2
37/8
4
5
/8

61/8
7
/8
27/8
41/2
4
3
/4

61/2
1
35/8
5
8
5
/8

71/2
11/8
41/8
57/8
8
3
/4

600 lb steel flanges have a 1/4 raised face which is NOT included in the flange thickness dimensions.

H7

AUXILIARY
ITEMS

SYSTEM DESIGN

All Dimensions are in Inches

Pipe Size

INSTRUMENTS

ansi flange standards

LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS

FAX: 206-776-8900
ANSI
Flange Standards

SANITARY

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

REFERENCE
INDUSTRIAL
CHARTS
SUPPLIES

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

FAX: 206-776-8900

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

Pipe Dimensions

pipe dimensions tables

Schedule 40 Pipe Dimensions
Transverse Areas

SOLENOID
VALVES
INSTRUMENTS
LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS

Size
Inches

External
Inches

Nominal
Internal Thickness
Inches
Inches

1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
3/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
31/2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24

.405
.540
.675
.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375
2.875
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.563
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
24.000

.269
.364
.493
.622
.824
1.049
1.380
1.610
2.067
2.469
3.068
3.548
4.026
5.047
6.065
7.981
10.020
11.938
13.125
15.000
16.874
18.814
22.626

.068
.088
.091
.109
.113
.133
.140
.145
.154
.203
.216
.226
.237
.258
.280
.322
.365
.406
.437
.500
.563
.593
.687

Length of Pipe
per Sq. Foot of

External
Sq. Ins.

Internal
Sq. Ins.

Metal
Sq. Ins.

External
Surface
Feet

.129
.229
.358
.554
.866
1.358
2.164
2.835
4.430
6.492
9.621
12.56
15.90
24.30
34.47
58.42
90.76
127.64
153.94
201.05
254.85
314.15
452.40

.057
.104
.191
.304
.533
.864
1.495
2.036
3.355
4.788
7.393
9.886
12.73
20.00
28.89
50.02
78.85
111.9
135.3
176.7
224.0
278.0
402.1

.072
.125
.167
.250
.333
.494
.669
.799
1.075
1.704
2.228
2.680
3.174
4.300
5.581
8.399
11.90
15.74
18.64
24.35
30.85
36.15
50.30

9.431
7.073
5.658
4.547
3.637
2.904
2.301
2.010
1.608
1.328
1.091
.954
.848
.686
.576
.442
.355
.299
.272
.238
.212
.191
.159

VALVES &
ACTUATION
AUXILIARY
ITEMS
SANITARY
REFERENCE
CHARTS

Internal
Surface
Feet

Cubic Feet
per Foot
of Pipe

Weight
per Foot
Pounds

14.199
10.493
7.747
6.141
4.635
3.641
2.767
2.372
1.847
1.547
1.245
1.076
.948
.756
.629
.478
.381
.318
.280
.254
.226
.203
.169

.00039
.00072
.00133
.00211
.00370
.00600
.01039
.01414
.02330
.03325
.05134
.06866
.08840
.1389
.2006
.3552
.5476
.7763
.9354
1.223
1.555
1.926
2.793

.244
.424
.567
.850
1.130
1.678
2.272
2.717
3.652
5.793
7.575
9.109
10.790
14.61
18.97
28.55
40.48
53.6
63.0
78.0
105.0
123.0
171.0

Cubic Feet
per Foot
of Pipe
.00025
.00050
.00098
.00163
.00300
.00500
.00891
.01227
.02051
.02943
.04587
.06172
.0798
.1263
.1810
.3171
.4989
.7058
.8522
1.117
1.418
1.755
2.536

Weight
per Foot
Pounds
.314
.535
.738
1.00
1.47
2.17
3.00
3.65
5.02
7.66
10.3
12.5
14.9
20.8
28.6
43.4
64.4
88.6
107.0
137.0
171.0
209.0
297.0

Number
Threads
per Inch
of Screw
27
18
18
14
14
111/2
111/2
111/2
111/2
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

SYSTEM DESIGN

Diameters

Schedule 80 Pipe Dimensions

Diameters
Size
Inches
1/8
1/4
3/8
1/2
3/4
1
11/4
11/2
2
21/2
3
31/2
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24

External
Inches
.405
.540
.675
.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375
2.875
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.563
6.625
8.625
10.750
12.750
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
24.000

Nominal
Internal Thickness
Inches
Inches
.215
.095
.302
.119
.423
.126
.546
.147
.742
1.54
.957
.179
1.278
.191
1.500
.200
1.939
.218
2.323
.276
2.900
.300
3.364
.318
3.826
.337
4.813
.375
5.761
.432
7.625
.500
9.564
.593
11.376
.687
12.500
.750
14.314
.843
16.126
.937
17.938
1.031
21.564
1.218

Transverse Areas
External
Sq. Ins.
.129
.229
.358
.554
.866
1.358
2.164
2.835
4.430
6.492
9.621
12.56
15.90
24.30
34.47
58.42
90.76
127.64
153.94
201.05
254.85
314.15
452.40

Internal
Sq. Ins.
.036
.072
.141
.234
.433
.719
1.283
1.767
2.953
4.238
6.605
8.888
11.497
18.194
26.067
45.663
71.84
101.64
122.72
160.92
204.24
252.72
365.22

Metal
Sq. Ins.
.093
.157
.217
.320
.433
.639
.881
1.068
1.477
2.254
3.016
3.678
4.407
6.112
8.300
12.76
18.92
26.00
31.22
40.13
50.61
61.43
87.18

H8

Length of Pipe
per Sq. Foot of
External
Surface
Feet
9.431
7.073
5.658
4.547
3.637
2.904
2.301
2.010
1.608
1.328
1.091
.954
.848
.686
.576
.442
.355
.299
.272
.238
.212
.191
.159

Internal
Surface
Feet
17.750
12.650
9.030
7.000
5.15
3.995
2.990
2.542
1.970
1.645
1.317
1.135
.995
.792
.673
.501
.400
.336
.306
.263
.237
.208
.177

Number
Threads
per Inch
of Screw
27
18
18
14
14
111/2
111/2
111/2
111/2
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8

81

3/64
1/16
5/64
3/32
7/64
1/8
9/64
5/32
11/64
3/16
13/64
7/32
15/64
1/4
17/64
9/32
19/64
5/16
21/64
11/32
23/64
3/8
25/54
13/32
27/64
7/16
29/64
15/32
31/64
1/2

.01563

.3969

.03125

.7938

.03937

1.0000

.04688

1.1906

.06250

1.5875

.07813

1.9844

.07874

2.0000

.09375

2.3813

.10938

2.7781

.11811

3.0000

.12500

3.1750

.14063

3.5719

.15625

3.9688

.15748

4.0000

.17188

4.3656

.18750

4.7625

.19685

5.0000

.20313

5.1594

.21875

5.5563

.23438

5.9531

.23622

5.0000

.25000

6.3500

.26563

6.7469

.27559

7.0000

.28125

7.1438

.29588

7.5406

.31250

7.9375

.31496

8.0000

.32813

8.3344

.34375

8.7313

.35433

9.0000

.35938

9.1281

.37500

9.5250

.39063

9.9219

.39370

10.0000

.40625

10.3188

.42188

10.7156

.43307

11.0000

.43750

11.1125

.45313

11.5094

.46875

11.9063

.47244

12.0000

.48438

12.3031

.50000

12.7000

fraction
33/64
17/32
35/64
9/16
37/64
19/32
39/64
5/8
41/64
21/32
43/64
11/16
45/64
23/32
47/64
3/4
49/64
25/32
51/64
13/16
53/64
27/32
55/64
7/8
57/64
29/32
59/64
15/16
61/64
31/32
63/64
1

H9

decimal

millimeters

.51181

13.0000

.51563

13.0969

.53125

13.4938

.54688

13.8908

.55118

14.0000

.56250

14.2875

.57813

14.6844

.59055

15.0000

.59375

15.0813

.60938

15.4781

.62500

15.8750

.62992

16.0000

.64063

16.2719

.65625

16.6688

.66929

17.0000

.67188

17.0656

.68750

17.4625

.70313

17.8594

.70866

18.0000

.71875

18.2563

.73438

18.5531

.74803

19.0000

.75000

19.0500

.78563

19.4469

.78125

19.8438

.78740

20.0000

.79688

20.2406

.81250

20.6375

.62677

21.0000

.82813

210344

.84375

21.4313

.85938

21.8281

.86614

22.0000

.87500

222250

.89063

22.6219

.90551

23.0000

.90625

23.0188

.92188

23.4156

.93750

23.8125

.94488

24.0000

.95313

24.2094

.96875

24.6063

.98425

25.0000

.98438

25,0031

1.00000

25.40000

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

millimeters

SOLENOID
VALVES

1/64
1132

decimal

INSTRUMENTS

fraction

LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS

measurement equivalents

VALVES &
ACTUATION

FAX: 206-776-8900

AUXILIARY
ITEMS

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

SANITARY

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

REFERENCE
INDUSTRIAL
CHARTS
SUPPLIES

TOLL FREE: 866-796-4800

LOCAL: 206-716-4800

FAX: 206-776-8900

6545 5th Place South

Seattle, WA 98108

STEAM
SPECIALTIES

testing steam traps

Cost Of Steam Leaks

Steam Flow through Orifices Discharging to Atmosphere

SOLENOID
VALVES
INSTRUMENTS
LIQUID LEVEL
& CONTROLS
VALVES &
ACTUATION

The installation and use of

Steam flow, lb/h, when steam gauge pressure is
the Spira-tec units does involve
Diameter
2
5
10
15
25
50
75
100
125 150 200 250 300
some cost, and it is necessary
(inches) psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi
psi psi psi
psi
psi
to compare this with the cost
1/32
.31
.47
.58
.70
.94
1.53
2.12
2.7
3.3
3.9
5.1
6.3
7.4
of steam leakages to see if the
1/16
1.25
1.86
2.3
2.8
3.8
6.1
8.5
10.8
13.2
15.6
20.3
25.1
29.8
expenditure is economically
justifiable. Since all equipment
3/32
2.81 4.20 5.3
6.3
8.45 13.8 19.1 24.4 29.7 35.1 45.7 56.4 67.0
must wear and eventually fail,
1/8
4.5
7.5
9.4 11.2 15.0 24.5 34.0 43.4 52.9 62.4 81.3 100 119
we need first an estimate of the
5/32
7.8 11.7 14.6 17.6 23.5 38.3 53.1 67.9 82.7 97.4 127 156 186
average life of a steam trap. Let
3/16
11.2
16.7 21.0 25.3 33.8 55.1 76.4 97.7 119 140 183 226 268
us assume that in a particular
7/32
15.3
22.9 28.7 34.4 46.0 75.0 104 133 162 191 249 307 365
installation, this is, say seven
1/4
20.0 29.8 37.4 45.0 60.1 98.0 136 173 212 250 325 401 477
(7) years. This means that after
the first seven years of the life of
9/32 25.2 37.8 47.4 56.9 76.1 124 172 220 268 316 412 507 603
the plant, in any year an average
5/16 31.2 46.6 58.5 70.3 94.0 153 212 272 331 390 508 627 745
of almost 15% of the traps will
11/32 37.7 56.4 70.7 85.1 114 185 257 329 400 472 615 758 901
fail. With an annual maintenance
3/8
44.9 67.1 84.2 101 135 221 306 391 476 561 732 902 1073
campaign, some of the traps will
13/32
52.7 78.8 98.8 119 159 259 359 459 559 659 859 1059 1259
fail just after being checked and
some just before the next check.
7/16 61.1 91.4 115 138 184 300 416 532 648 764 996 1228 1460
On average, the 15% can be said
15/32 70.2 105 131 158 211 344 478 611 744 877 1144 1410 1676
to have failed for half the year,
1/2
79.8 119 150 180 241 392 544 695 847 998 1301 1604 1907
or 7-1/2% of traps failed for the
whole year.
Now, most of the traps in any installation, on the mains drip and tracer installations are probably 1/2" or 3/4" size and most
of them are oversized, perhaps by a factor of up to 10 or more. Let us assume that the condenste load is as high as 25% of the
capacity of the trap. If the trap were to fail wide open, then some 75% of the valve orifice would be available for steam flow. The
steam loss then averages 75% of 7-1/2% of the steam flow capacity of the whole trap population, or about 5.62%.
The steam flow through a wide open seat clearly depends on both pressure differentials and orifice sizes, and orifice sizes in
a given size of trap such as 1/2" usually are reduced as the designed working pressure increases.

Estimating Trap Steam Loss

AUXILIARY
ITEMS
SANITARY

Steam loss through a failed open trap blowing to atmosphere can be determined from a variant of the Napier formula as follows:
Steam Flow in lbs/hr =
24.24 X Pa X D2
Where:
Pa = Pressure in psi absolute
D = Diameter of trap orifice in inches
By multiplying the steam loss by hours of operation, steam cost (typically $6.00 per 1,000 pounds), and by the number of
failed traps, total cost of steam system loss may be estimated.
The formula above should not be used to directly compare potential steam loss of one type of trap against another because
of differences in failure modes. In those that fail open only the inverted bucket trap orifice blows full open. Thermostatic types
usually fail with their orifice at least partially obstructed by the valve, and flow through thermodynamic types is a function of
many passageways and must be related to an equivalent pass area. In every case, no trap begins losing steam through wear
or malfunction until the leakage area exceeds that needed by the condensate load. The cost then begins and reaches the
maximum calculated only when the trap fails completely. The object is, of course to prevent it from reaching that stage. The
steam system always functions best when traps are selected that are best for the application and checked on a regular basis to
control losses.

REFERENCE
CHARTS

H10