Beruflich Dokumente
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2012
COAL
When there is a crude oil then there is the possibility of coal, but this is not must. The sources are same, probably organic material whether it is from vegetable kingdom or animal kingdom buried under the surface of earth over a long period due to high pressure and temperature it converted. The product may be gas as natural gas, the product may be liquid as we have crude oil and the product may be solid as we have coal, basically they are coming from organic sources. If the coal is young it is known as Peat. Young means that buried had been taken place thousands year back. And the extreme one is anthracite. Between peat and anthracite there is bituminous coal. All organic matter contains subsequent amount of hydrogen and oxygen. So during this passage the percentage of carbon is increasing and the percentage of hydrogen is decreasing. Peat contains high amount of hydrogen as compared to anthracite and anthracite contains high amount of carbon. There is a very big difference in between coal and crude oil that is because of hydrogen. If we add hydrogen in coal then the coal can be converted into oil. Crude oil contain paraffin (CnH2n+2), naphthenic (CnH2n) and aromatics (CnHn). If there are 6 carbon then there would be 14 hydrogen in paraffin, If there are 6 carbon then there would be 12 hydrogen in naphthenic and if there are 6 carbon then there would be 6 hydrogen in aromatics. In case of anthracite in coal the amount of hydrogen is much less and in peat the amount of hydrogen is much high.
2012
In this graph the curves shows that carbon content is increasing and hydrogen content is decreasing. The gross calorific value is increasing and then it becomes almost constant and with increasing passage of time the volatile matter decreases. Peat and lignite are the poor quality of coal, they would be containing less amount of carbon and also they contain more amount water so they have to be dried as well.
The ultimate analysis is basically the Elemental analysis. Prepared by: Syed Saad Ahmed | B.E Chemical Engineering
2012
Type of coal: There are many type of coal, the first one is peat and the last one is
anthracite.
Peat:
Wet peat contains a lot of water sometimes even greater than 95% of water. Air dried peat contains 25% water. Calorific value is 16-17 MJ/Kg C is 51-59% H2 is 5.8-6% O2 31.4-40.4%
Lignite:
Lignite is known as immature coal. This immature coal is also 106 year old it means millions of year these are guessed year these are the assumptions. After peat is lignite, thats for sure, once the peat is deposited and it is subjected to pressure, temperature and sometimes the microorganism and then it is converted into lignite. Lignite contains: H2O 12-20% Calorific value 20-27% MJ/Kg Volatile matter 40 to >50% High and low ranking coal, high ranking is old and low rank is relatively younger coal. The low ranking coal is classified by the calorific value and the high ranking coal is classified by volatile matter. Coal Fixed carbon (C) Volatile Matter (%) 02-14% 14-31% Calorific (KJ\Kg) 24400-32500 Value
2012
What happen to coal when coal is converted from lignite or peat to anthracite?
Cellulose to Bituminous: (C6H10O5)4 C9H6O + 7CH4+ 8CO2+3H2O Cellulose to Lignite: (C6H10O5)5 C20H22O4 + 3CH4+ 6CO2 + CO+8H2O Cellulose to Bituminous: (C6H10O5)6 C22H20O3 + 5CH4+ 8CO2 +CO+10H2O Here the relative percentage of hydrogen to carbon is higher as compared to bituminous, in 2nd equation there are 22 hydrogen for 20 carbon and in 3 rd equation 20 hydrogen is for 22 carbon. As we know that percentage of carbon increases and percentage of hydrogen decreases with the age of coal. As we precede from lignite to sub bituminous then bituminous and then anthracite the amount of hydrogen decreases and carbon increases, it is only possible by the evolving of the gasses.