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>> foreword
|n tbe 196Os, |l|e sclences and blotecbno|-
ogy b|ossomed ln Czecbos|ovakla. A down-
turn caused by tbe |orced departure o| qua|-
lty pro|esslona|s durlng and a|ter tbe Second
Wor|d War was a||evlated by eager new scl-
entlc ta|ents taklng command o| researcb
lnstltutlons. Tbe communlst reglme lnvested
ln researcb as part o| lts co|d war e||ort and
advancement o| lts ldeo|ogy. Llbera|lsatlon a|-
|owed contacts wltb tbe lnternatlona| com-
munlty and exce||ence was acbleved ln severa|
|l|e-sclence dlsclp|lnes. Wor|d-c|ass preventlve
medlclne, exce||ent vacclnes and masslve cam-
palgns made lt posslb|e to brlng ln|ectlous
dlseases under contro| and to eradlcate po-
|lomye|ltls ln Czecbos|ovakla |or tbe rst tlme
ln buman blstory. New lnstltutes opened
and operated at tbe |ore|ront o| proteln cbem-
lstry, lmmuno|ogy, neuropbyslo|ogy and mlcro-
blo|ogy, untl| tbe Sovlet-|ed lnvaslon crusbed
tbe Prague Sprlng movement ln 1968. An exo-
dus o| lnte||ectua| ta|ent ensued, wltb researcb-
ers and otber pro|esslona|s |eavlng tbe country
en masse. Now, near|y twenty years a|ter tbe
ve|vet Pevo|utlon o| 1989, tbere ls a |resb crop
o| ta|ented researcbers ln tbe Czecb Pepub|lc
and cuttlng-edge |l|e sclences and blotecbno|-
ogy are returnlng to tbe |ore.
Many o| tbose wbo |e|t tbe country |or
postdoctora| tralnlng abroad a|ter 1989 bave
returned and now manage researcb |abs.
GDP growtb bas enab|ed lncreased spendlng
on P&D, tbougb tbe government stl|| spends
|ess tban O.6 % o| GDP per year ln tbls area
(as compared to O.66% ln tbe LU -15, -O.8
% ln US and -O.9% ln Pln|and). Tbe boost-
ed nanclng o| Czecb |l|e-sclence researcb
over tbe past decade ls now bearlng |rult and
tbe lmprovlng researcb envlronment and |lvlng
condltlons o| researcbers act to prevent anotb-
er braln draln. Many ta|ented Czecb tralnees
p|an to return |rom abroad, taklng up tbe cba|-
|enge o| startlng new researcb groups and do-
lng great work under |ess opu|ent condltlons.
A|tbougb |l|e-sclence researcb ls becomlng
more and more tecbno|ogy-drlven and cost|y,
wltb genomlcs, proteomlcs and a|| tbe otber
'omlcs' o| systems blo|ogy, tbe Czecb Pe-
pub|lc's so|ld genera| educatlon |eve|, lngenu-
lty and pragmatlc cbolce o| researcb toplcs
are a||owlng a growlng number o| Czecb re-
searcb ta|ents to per|orm we||. |nternatlona|-
|eve| teams are now actlve not on|y at lnstltutes
o| tbe Academy o| Sclences and unlversltles ln
Prague and 8rno, wbere Pro|essor Antonln Ho|y
generated tbe most e||ectlve antl-H|v drugs and
Pro|essors Petr Dvoak and A|es Hamp| estab-
|lsbed some o| tbe best cbaracterlsed buman
embryonlc stem ce|| |lnes. Tbe mo|ecu|ar para-
slto|ogy and entomo|ogy groups o| Pro|essors
[|lus Lukes and Marek [lndra are produclng
great sclence ln Cesk 8udjovlce, and Pro|es-
sor Mlros|av Strnad's researcb on p|ant growtb
regu|atlng cytoklnlns sbows promlse |or lnnova-
tlve cancer-treatment drugs.
A |ew advanced blotecbno|ogy compa-
nles bave emerged ln tbe Czecb Pepub|lc.
Tbe growtb o| Contlpro Group, estab|lsbed by
v|adlmlr ve|ebny and Petr Plnkas ln tbe plctur-
esque |ootbl||s o| tbe Or|lck Hory mountaln
range, ls sometblng o| a Clndere||a story, as lt
lnvo|ves tbe converslon o| a dalry lnto a |er-
mentatlon p|ant supp|ylng 6O% o| tbe Lurope-
an and 3O% o| tbe wor|d market wltb tbe blgb-
est-qua|lty bya|uronan |or medlca| use, paylng
|or dlverslcatlon and a researcb department
and |or sponsorlng unlverslty researcb and
graduate |e||owsblps. A |ee| |or lmportant dl-
agnostlc markers and prots |rom dlstrlbutlon
o| researcb products a||owed vlktor Pzlka
to bul|d up tbe g|oba||y operatlng 8lovendor
Pesearcb and Dlagnostlc Products. A suc-
cess story o| steady growtb over a decade ls
v|adlmlr vlk|lcky's Lxblo, a producer o| mono-
c|ona| antlbodles |or researcb and dlagnostlcs.
Mucb more ls to come. |n Prague's Kr
dlstrlct, tbe new|y |ounded |nstltute o| 8lo-
tecbno|ogy o| tbe Academy o| Sclences bas
begun operatlon, jolnlng tbe next to |nstltutes
o| Pbyslo|ogy, Mlcroblo|ogy and Lxperlmenta|
Medlclne and tbe |nstltute o| Mo|ecu|ar Genet-
lcs, wblcb recent|y moved lnto a new|y com-
p|eted, state-o|-tbe-art |l|e-sclence bul|dlng.
Most lmportant|y, a slgnlcant portlon o| tbe a|-
most LUP 5 bl||lon |rom tbe Luropean Peglona|
Deve|opment Pund ls to be spent between
2OO7 and 2O15 on tbe Operatlona| Programmes
Pesearcb and Deve|opment |or |nnovatlon and
Lnterprlse and |nnovatlon, wblcb are |ocused
on tbe constructlon o| unlque ln|rastructure
and equlpment and on generatlng tbousands
o| new jobs ln |l|e-sclence and blotecbno|ogy
P&D and buslness ln severa| researcb centres
and company c|usters around tbe country.
Tbls wl|| undoubted|y attract ta|ents o| Czecb
and |orelgn orlgln to take part and brlng about
a quantum |eap o| |l|e-sclence and cuttlng-edge
blotecb P&D and buslness, botb o| wblcb are
now comlng o| age ln tbe
Czecb Pepub|lc.
Pere Sehe,
D|ecre,
|nsr|rare ej |erechne|egj
ej rhe Academj ej Sc|ences
ej rhe Czech Repah||c
6omIn of ke: 6zech LIfe $cIences
and kdvanced 8IotechnoIoIes
2
>> quarter |n kev|ew
|rcdcn|a ccc|on n |hc Spanh Ha of |raguc Ca|c
u|ra|vc pho|o
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