The 89600 VSA software shown in this document has been replaced by the new 89600B VSA software,

which enables more simultaneous views of virtually every aspect of complex wireless signals. The instructions provided herein can be used with the 89600B; however, some of the menu selections have changed. For more information, please reference the 89600B software help: Help > Getting Started (book) > Using the 89600B VSA User Interface (book) > VSA Application Window Illustration

Option BHD 3GPP LTE Modulation Analysis 89600 Vector Signal Analysis Software
Self-Guided Demonstration

Table of Contents

Technology Overview
LTE Overview ........................................................................................................................... 3 Transmission bandwidth .................................................................................................. 3 Transmission schemes ..................................................................................................... 3 Modulation and coding ..................................................................................................... 3 Physical Layer Channels ....................................................................................................... 4 Downlink physical layer channels and signals............................................................ 4 Uplink physical layer channels and signals ................................................................. 5 Uplink and downlink physical resource ........................................................................ 5 Duplexing Techniques ........................................................................................................... 7 Type 1 (FDD) mode............................................................................................................. 7 FDD Downlink frame structure................................................................................... 7 FDD Uplink frame structure......................................................................................... 8 Type 2 (TDD) mode ............................................................................................................ 9 TDD frame structure: switch-point periodicity ...................................................... 9 TDD special subframe................................................................................................. 10 TDD detailed frame structure ...................................................................................11 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................11

Self-Guided Demonstration
Measurement and Troubleshooting Sequence ............................................................. 12 Setting up the demonstration ....................................................................................... 13 Spectrum and Time Domain Measurements ................................................................. 15 Using the spectrogram display .................................................................................... 15 Measuring occupied bandwidth and power .............................................................. 17 Basic Digital Demodulation................................................................................................ 19 LTE FDD downlink analysis............................................................................................ 19 Navigating around the display ...................................................................................... 20 Frame Summary................................................................................................................ 21 Constellation ..................................................................................................................... 22 Detected allocations........................................................................................................ 22 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) ..................................................................................... 23 Error Summary table........................................................................................................ 23 Selective channel analysis............................................................................................. 24 Resource block data traces ........................................................................................... 25 LTE TDD analysis ............................................................................................................. 26 Advanced Digital Demodulation ....................................................................................... 27 Troubleshooting PBCH and PDDCH impairments .................................................... 28 Measured versus reference power levels .................................................................. 29 MIMO measurements and displays............................................................................. 30 MIMO Info table ............................................................................................................... 31 MIMO Common Tracking Error trace ......................................................................... 31 MIMO channel frequency response ............................................................................ 32 MIMO channel frequency response, adjacent difference...................................... 32 MIMO condition number ................................................................................................ 33 Symbol table ...................................................................................................................... 33 LTE TDD MIMO................................................................................................................. 34 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................. 34 Glossary .................................................................................................................................. 35 Related Literature................................................................................................................. 36 Web Resources ..................................................................................................................... 36

LTE Overview

Third-generation (3G) wireless systems, based on W-CDMA, are now being deployed all over the world. W-CDMA maintains a mid-term competitive edge by providing high speed packet access (HSPA) in both downlink and uplink modes. To ensure the competitiveness of the 3G systems into the future, a long term evolution (LTE) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) access technology is being specified in Release 8 of the 3GPP standard. The LTE specification provides a framework for increasing capacity, improving spectrum efficiency, improving coverage, and reducing latency compared with current HSPA implementations. In addition, transmission with multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) antennas is supported for greater throughput, as well as enhanced capacity or range. To support transmission in both the paired and unpaired spectrum, the LTE air interface supports both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) modes. The following section provides a high-level description of the LTE physical layer.

Transmission bandwidth
In order to address the international wireless market and regional spectrum regulations, LTE includes varying channel bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to 20 MHz, with sub-carrier spacing of 15 kHz. In the case of multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), a sub-carrier spacing of 7.5 kHz is also possible. Sub-carrier spacing is constant regardless of channel bandwidth. To allow for operation in different sized spectrum allocations, the transmission bandwidth is altered by varying the number of OFDM sub-carriers:
Table 1. Transmission bandwidth at varied numbers of OFDM subcarriers

Transmission Bandwidth [MHz] Number of sub-carriers Transmission schemes

1.4 72

3 180

5 300

10 600

15 900

20 1200

The LTE downlink transmission scheme is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). For the LTE uplink, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA), also referred to as DFT-spread OFDM (DFTS-OFDM), is used. The DL OFDM supports high data rates. The UL SC-FDMA has a lower peak to average power ratio (PAPR) than OFDM which helps extend the battery life of mobile LTE user equipment.

Modulation and coding

Just like high speed data packet access (HSDPA), LTE also uses adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) to improve data throughput. This technique varies the downlink modulation coding scheme based on the channel conditions for each user. When the link quality is good, the LTE system can use a higher order modulation scheme (more bits per symbol), which will result in more system capacity. On the other hand, when link conditions are poor due to problems such as signal fading, the LTE system can change to a lower modulation scheme to maintain an acceptable radio link margin. The modulation schemes supported for payload in the downlink and uplink are QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM. For channel coding, both turbo coding and convolutional coding schemes are used. Turbo coding with a coding rate of 1:3 is used for uplink and downlink transport channels (TrCH). Convolutional coding is used for the uplink and downlink control channels.

Physical Layer Channels

The LTE DL and UL are composed of two sets of physical layer channels: physical channels and physical signals. Physical channels carry information from higher layers and are used to carry user data, as well as user control information. Physical signals are used for system synchronization, cell identification and radio channel estimation, but do not carry information originating from higher layers.

Downlink physical layer channels and signals

The DL physical channels are physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The DL physical signals are reference signal (RS) and synchronization signals. Table 2, below, contains information on the modulation format and purpose for each of the downlink channels and signals.
Table 2. LTE downlink channels and signals DL channels PBCH PDCCH PDSCH Modulation format QPSK QPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM QPSK 16QAM 64QAM QPSK BPSK modulated on I and Q with the spreading factor 2 or 4 Walsh codes Modulation sequence One of 3 ZadoffChu sequences

Full name Physical Broadcast Channel Physical Downlink Control Channel Physical Downlink Shared Channel Physical Multicast Channel

Purpose Carries cell-specific information Scheduling, ACK/NACK Payload Payload for Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Carries information about the number of OFDM symbols (1, 2, 3, or 4) used for transmission of PDCCHs in a sub-frame.

PMCH

PCFICH

Physical Control Format Indicator Channel

PHICH

Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel

Carries the hybrid-ARQ ACK/NAK

DL signals P-SS

Full name

Purpose Used for cell search and identication by the UE. Carries part of the cell ID (one of 3 orthogonal sequences). Used for cell search and identication by the UE. Carries the remainder of the cell ID (one of 168 binary sequences).

Primary Synchronization Signal

S-SS

Secondary Synchronization Signal

Two 31-bit BPSK M-sequence Complex I+jQ pseudo random sequence (length-31 Gold sequence) derived from cell ID

RS

Reference Signal (Pilot)

Used for DL channel estimation. Exact sequence derived from cell ID, (one of 504).

Uplink physical layer channels and signals

Uplink (UL) physical channels are Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH). Two types of uplink reference signals are supported: demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) which is associated with transmission of PUSCH or PUCCH and sounding reference signal (S-RS) which is not associated with transmission of PUSCH or PUCCH. Table 3, below, has information on the modulation format and purpose for each of the uplink channels and signals.
Table 3. LTE uplink channels and signals UL channels PRACH PUCCH PUSCH UL signals DM-RS S-RS Modulation format root Zadoff-Chu BPSK, QPSK QPSK 16QAM 64QAM Modulation sequence Based on Zadoff-Chu Based on Zadoff-Chu uth

Full name Physical Random Access Channel Physical Uplink Control Channel Physical Uplink Shared Channel Full name Demodulation Reference Signal Sounding Reference Signal

Purpose Call setup Scheduling, ACK/NACK Payload Purpose Used for synchronization to the UE and UL channel estimation Used to monitor propagation conditions with UE

Uplink and downlink physical resource

The smallest time-frequency unit for uplink and downlink transmission is called a resource element. A resource element corresponds to one OFDM subcarrier during one OFDM symbol interval. A group of contiguous sub-carriers and symbols form a resource block (RB), as shown in Figure 1. Data is allocated to each user in terms of RB.

One downlink slot Tslot

Resource block N symb x N SC resource elements N SC x N SC subcarriers Resource element

DL RB

DL

N SC subcarriers N symb OFDM symbols

DL

RB

Figure 1. Downlink resource grid (Ref 3GPP TS 36.211 ).

For example, for an FDD frame structure using normal cyclic prex (CP), an RB spans 12 consecutive sub-carriers at a sub-carrier spacing of 15 kHz, and 7 consecutive symbols over a slot duration of 0.5 ms. Thus, an RB has 84 resource elements (12 sub-carriers x 7 symbols) corresponding to one slot in time domain and 180 kHz (12 sub-carriers x 15 kHz spacing) in the frequency domain. Even though an RB is dened as 12 subcarriers during one 0.5 ms slot, scheduling is carried out on a subframe, (1 ms) basis. Using normal CP, the minimum allocation the base station uses for UE scheduling is 1 sub-frame (14 symbols) by 12 sub-carriers. The size of an RB is the same for all bandwidths; therefore, the number of available physical RBs depends on the transmission bandwidth, as shown by Table 4, below.
Table 4. Number of resource blocks (RB) and subcarriers for the different uplink and downlink transmission bandwidths

Channel bandwidth [MHz] Number of resource blocks Number of sub-carriers

RB

1.4 6 72

3 15 180

5 25 300

10 50 600

15 75 900

20 100 1200

Duplexing Techniques

Two radio frame structures are dened in LTE: Type 1 frame structure, which uses FDD duplexing, and a Type 2 frame structure, which uses TDD duplexing. Although the two modes differ, the 3GPP committees exercised care to minimize operational differences.

Type 1 (FDD) mode

The Type 1 (FDD) mode employs a different frame structure depending on whether the transmission is downlink or uplink. For either link direction, however, a radio frame has a duration of 10 ms and consists of 20 slots, with a slot duration of 0.5 ms. Two slots comprise a sub-frame. A sub-frame, also known as the transmission time interval (TTI), has a duration of 1 ms.

Type 1 (FDD) downlink frame structure

Figure 2. DL Type 1 FDD frame structure. For simplicity, the PHICH and PCFICH channels are not shown.

Figure 2 shows a DL Type 1 FDD frame structure. As shown in the gure, the physical mapping of the DL physical signals and channels for a Type 1 FDD frame structure are: The reference signal (pilot) is transmitted at every 6th subcarrier of OFDMA symbols 0 & 4 of every slot PDCCH can be allocated to the rst three symbols (four symbols when the number of RB is equal to or less than 10) P-SS is transmitted on 62 out of the 72 reserved sub-carriers centered around the DC sub-carrier at OFDM symbol 6 of slots 0 and 10 of each radio frame S-SS is transmitted on 62 out of the 72 reserved sub-carriers centered around the DC sub-carrier at OFDM symbol 5 of slots 0 and 10 of each radio frame PBCH is mapped to the rst four symbols in slot #1 in the central 6 RB (72 subcarriers). Excludes reference signal subcarriers. PDSCH is transmitted on any assigned OFDMA subcarriers not occupied by any of the above channels and signals

Type 1 (FDD) uplink frame structure The uplink (UL) FDD frame structure is similar to downlink (DL) FDD frame structure in terms of frame, sub-frame and slot length. An FDD UL slot structure is shown in Figure 3, below.

Figure 3. Mapping of PUSCH and demodulation reference signal for the PUSCH.

The FDD UL demodulation reference signals, which are used for channel estimation for coherent demodulation, are transmitted in the fourth symbol (ie. symbol number 3) of every slot. A mapping for PUCCH format 1a/1b is shown in Figure 4 below. Other PUCCH formats exist that use the inner RB.

Figure 4. Example of PUCCH mapping and demodulation reference signal for PUCCH.

Type 2 (TDD) mode

The LTE frame structure 2 (FS2) is dened as a TDD mode. While there are signicant differences between the TDD and FDD, care was taken so that there are no operational differences between the two modes at higher layer or in the system architecture. At the physical layer, the fundamental design goal was to achieve as much commonality between the two modes as possible. TDD frame structure: switch-point periodicity Unlike the FDD mode, there is no separate UL/DL frame structure. Instead, there are two supported switch-point periodicities where the transmission switches between DL and UL, 5 ms and 10 ms, each with an overall length of 10 ms and divided into 10 subframes. The TDD frame structure is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Type 2 TDD frame structure for 5 ms switch-point periodicity (top) and 10 ms periodicity (bottom). Note the difference in subframe 6.

TDD special subframe For the 5 ms switch-point periodicity radio frame, subframe 6 is a special subframe, identical to subframe 1. For the 10 ms switch-point periodicity radio frame, subframe 6 is a regular downlink subframe. Table 5 illustrates the possible UL/DL allocations which have been specied in the 3GPP standard for Type 2 TDD mode for both 5 ms and 10 ms periodicities.
Table 5. Uplink-downlink configurations (36.211 Table 4.2.2)

Uplink-downlink configuration

Downlink-to-uplink switch-point periodicity

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

5 ms 5 ms 5 ms 10 ms 10 ms 10 ms 5 ms

0 D D D D D D D

1 S S S S S S S

2 U U U U U U U

Subframe number 3 4 5 6 U U D S U D D S D D D S U U D D U D D D D D D D U U D S

7 U U U D D D U

8 U U D D D D U

9 U D D D D D D

As shown in Figure 5, the special subframe consists of the following elds: Downlink Pilot Timeslot ( DwPTS),Guard Period (GP), and Uplink Pilot Timeslot (UpPTS). The total length of these elds is 1 ms. However, within the special subframe the length of each eld may vary depending on co-existence requirements with legacy TDD systems and supported cell size. Table 6 provides the supported special congurations which are also specied in 3GPP.
Table 6. Configuration of special subframe length (by Ts unit)

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TDD detailed frame structure Figure 6 shows a detailed physical layer denition of a TDD frame for 5 ms downlink-to-uplink switch-point periodicity. Unlike the FDD frame structure, where the primary and secondary synchronization signals are contiguously placed within one subframe, for TDD the two signals are placed in different subframes and separated by two OFDM symbols.

Figure 6. FS2 (TDD) frame structure with 5 ms switch-point periodicity. Note the location of the primary synchronization (P-SS) and secondary synchronization (S-SS) signals.

Again, this frame structure is designed for maximum commonality with the FDD mode at the physical layer.

Conclusion

The 3GPP LTE standard provides exciting new capability for wireless users, with an accompanying complexity of signal structure. The 89600 VSA software will allow you to examine that complexity with powerful troubleshooting tools. The examples to follow will use both TDD and FDD signals for different parts of the demonstration guide. However, thanks to their similarity at the PHY layer, you will be able to apply almost all of the same measurement techniques to either mode.

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Measurement and Troubleshooting Sequence

When measuring and troubleshooting digitally modulated systems, it is usually best to follow a measurement sequence: one that begins with basic spectrum measurements and continues with vector (combined frequency and time) measurements, then switch to basic digital modulation analysis, and, nally, to advanced and/or standard-specic analysis. This is the sequence we will use in this demo guide. This sequence of measurements is especially useful because it reduces the chance that important signal problems will be missed.

Spectrum and time domain measurements

Get basics right, nd major problems

Basic digital demodulation

Signal quality numbers, constellation, basic error vector measurement

Advanced digital demodulation

Find specic problems and causes

Step 1: Spectrum and time domain measurements

These measurements give the basic parameters of the signal in the frequency and time domain so that correct demodulation can take place in step 2. Parameters such as center frequency, bandwidth, symbol timing, power, and spectral characteristics are investigated.

Step 2: Basic digital demodulation

These measurements evaluate the quality of the constellation. Along with a display of the constellation, they include static parameters such as EVM, I/Q offset, frequency error, and symbol clock error.

Step 3: Advanced digital demodulation

These measurements are used to investigate the causes of errors uncovered in the basic modulation parameters, particularly EVM errors. These include dynamic parameters such as error vector frequency, error vector time, and selective error analysis. The 89600 VSA software has the advantage that you can recall saved time capture recordings and analyze the signal as though you were acquiring data from hardware. In the following pages, we will recall and analyze LTE signals supplied with the 89600 VSA software.

12

Setting up the demonstration

Table 7 describes the minimum hardware required to run the 89600 VSA software.
Table 7. System requirements Characteristic Microsoft Windows XP Professional 600 MHz Pentium or AMD-K6 > 600 MHz (> 2 GHz recommended) 512 MB (1 GB recommended) 4 MB (16 MB recommended) 1 GB available CD-ROM to load the software; Additional drives license transfer requires a 3.5 inch floppy disk drive, network access, or USB memory stick Interface support2 LAN, GPIB, USB, or FireWire1 interface (VXI HW only) Microsoft Windows Vista Business, Enterprise, or Ultimate 1 GHz 32-bit (x86) (> 2 GHz recommended) 1 GB (2 GB recommended) 128 MB (512 MB recommended) 1 GB available CD-ROM to load the software; license transfer requires network access, or a USB memory stick LAN, GPIB, USB, or FireWire1 interface (VXI HW only)

CPU RAM Video RAM Hard disk

1. For a list of supported IEEE-1394 (FireWire) interfaces, visit www.agilent.com/nd/89600 and search the FAQ's for information on "What type of IEEE-1394 interface can I use in my computer to connect to the 89600S VXI hardware?" 2. No interfaces or hardware required to follow the demonstration steps listed in this guide.

Table 8 describes the 89600 VSA software required to use this demonstration guide. If you do not already have a copy of the software, you can download a free trial version at www.agilent.com/find/89600.
Table 8. Software requirements Version Options -200 -300 -BHD -BHE 89600 version 11.00 or higher (89601A, 89601AN, 89601N12) (89601A, 89601AN only) Basic vector signal analysis Hardware connectivity (required only if using measurement hardware) LTE FDD modulation analysis LTE TDD modulation analysis

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Table 9. Recall the demonstration signal Instructions: 89600 VSA software Toolbar menus File > Preset > Preset All Note: Using Preset All will cause all saved user state information to be lost. If this is a concern, save the current state before using Preset All. Click File > Save > Setup Note: The Menu/Toolbars, Display Appearance, and User Color Map may also be saved in a similar way. File > Recall > Recall Recording > LTE > LTE_ TDD_DL_5MHz_v860.sdf (Default directory is C:\Program Files\Agilent\ 89600 VSA\Help\Signals) Click Open Start playback of the recording Auto scale both traces. Note that you need to make sure to do this when the signal is turned on. Turn on the signal player Press (toolbar, left)

Preset the software

Recall the demonstration signal. This is a 10 ms switch point periodicity LTE TDD downlink signal with 5 MHz bandwidth.

Right click in Trace A. Then select Y Auto Scale. Right click in Trace B. Then select Y Auto Scale. Control > Player

This is a 60 msec recording of a downlink TDD signal. You can use the controls of the player just as you would other players. Your display should look similar to Figure 7.

Note: This rst gure includes the menu toolbar and status bar on the top and bottom of the window, respectively. In the interest of displaying as much information as possible, the remaining gures will not display them. You can toggle them on/off by clicking Display > Appearance > Window

Figure 7. Time and frequency display of 5 MHz TDD downlink signal.

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Spectrum and Time Domain Measurements

Spectrum and time domain measurments

Get basics right, nd major problems

Basic digital demodulation

Signal quality numbers, constellation, basic error vector measurement

Advanced digital demodulation

Find specic problems and causes

The first step in the troubleshooting process is to set up the signal measurement parameters, such as range and scaling, and verify its spectral and time domain behavior before demodulation takes place.

Using the spectrogram display

First, lets take a look at the overall characteristics. Well use the spectrogram capability to see how the signal changes over time and frequency. In addition, you will get a chance to see how overlap processing works. The spectrogram is a three-dimensional display that shows the changes in signal spectrum over time. It is particularly useful when analyzing time-varying signals. Features of signal transients, OFDM signal structure, and spectral splatter can all be identied with this display. Using overlap processing improves its usefulness further. Overlap processing causes the analyzer to adjust the amount of new data it uses for each time record, and has the effect of causing the signal to replay in "slow motion." It is particularly useful for locating and examining transients. You can nd out more about overlap processing by pressing Help > Contents > and then typing overlap processing in the search block. Since this is a 60 msec recording, we should be able to analyze multiple frames. However, overlap processing extends the length of time a signal takes to display in a spectrogram. So, in the steps that follow, well have to turn off overlap processing in order to see the full 2-frame, 20 msec behavior.

15

Table 10. Using spectrogram and spectrogram markers Instructions: 89600 VSA software Change to single grid display Turn on spectrogram Adjust color for greatest contrast. Note that as you vary the colors, different aspects of the signal environment become more visible. If you note the timing annotation to the lower left of the display, you will see something like xx msec. This refers to the amount of time being shown in the full display. Since wed like to ensure that the signals are of the proper duration, we want to see at least 20+msec, which represents 2 full frames. To do this, well need to turn overlap processing off, as it is extending the detail of the signal, which is good, but it also reduces the time over which it is shown, which does not meet our current needs. Turn on spectrogram markers and measure delta between sections of signal. Using the offset markers, you can measure the y-delta (time) and x-delta (frequency) simultaneously. Thus, you can read the time between the start of one burst and the start of the next, as well as the rough frequency bandwidth the signal is occupying. Figure 8 shows roughly 9.9 msec between bursts, and about 4.55 MHz of occupied bandwidth. Toolbar menus Click in Trace A to activate it. Then choose Display > Layout > Single. Right-click in Trace A and select Show Spectrogram. Left click on the vertical rainbow-colored scale located to the left of the display. Use your mouses scroll button to adjust the color display. Pause the signal by pressing the Pause/Restart key (toolbar, left).

MeasSetup > Time In the Max Overlap (Avg Off) box, type 0% Click OK Press Start (toolbar, lower left)

Note that the signal frames to pass by much more quickly.

Pause the signal by pressing the Pause/Restart key Right click in the display and select Show Marker. Click on the Y axis and drag the vertical marker to the right edge of the signal. Click on the X axis and drag the horizontal marker to the bottom of a signal burst. Right click in the display and select Show Offset. Right click in the display and select Move Offset to Marker. Click the horizontal marker and move it to the bottom of the next burst down. Click on the vertical marker and move it to the left edge of the signal. Your display should look similar to Figure 8.

Figure 8. Spectrogram trace showing 10 msec switch point periodicity and 4.55 MHz of occupied bandwidth. Note frequency ears to each side, indicating frequency splatter.

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While we were able to measure the approximate occupied bandwidth using the spectrogram markers, you can make more precise measurements using the 89600 VSAs OBW markers and band power markers.

Measuring occupied bandwidth and band power

Table 11. Using OBW markers Instructions: 89600 VSA software Change to 2-grid display Turn off spectrogram markers Turn off the spectrogram display format Turn on OBW marker Turn on OBW marker table (Note: you may want to start and then pause the recording to get valid data) Your display should look similar to Figure 9. Toolbar menus Display > Layout > Stacked 2 Right click in Trace A and de-select Show Marker Right click in Trace A and de-select Show Spectrogram Right click in Trace A and Select Show OBW Double click on Trace B title (B: Ch1 Main Time). From the drop down menu which appears, select Marker (left column) > Obw Summary TrcA (right column)

Figure 9. Turning on the OBW trace provides basic information in the trace status bar at the bottom of the display. By activating the Marker OBW summary trace in Trace B, more detailed information is available.

Table 12. Clear OBW measurement Instructions: 89600 VSA software Toolbar menus Double click the Trace B title (B: TrcA OBW Summary Data) Select Channel 1 from the Type menu on the left-hand column of the drop down menu. Select Main Time from the Data menu on the right-hand column of the menu. Click OK Right-click Trace A De-select Show OBW

Clear OBW display

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The band power marker feature measures the power of the modulated signal, or channel power, by integrating over a specied bandwidth in the frequency domain.
Table 13. Setting up band power marker Instructions: 89600 VSA software Select the band power marker tool Toolbar menus Click Markers > Tools > Band Power (Or, alternatively, you can click the band power marker button on the menu toolbar) On Trace A, move the mouse to the center frequency of the band to be measured. Click to drop the marker. Place the mouse pointer on the vertical band power marker and left click to drag/expand the marker so it includes the entire bandwidth. Note: You may need to adjust the center of the band power marker by dragging it with the mouse.

Drop the band power marker on Trace A

Expand the band power marker

The band power should be displayed at the bottom of the window. This is the total power inside the bandwidth of the band power marker. You can expand or shrink the width of the marker to measure the power over specic frequencies. You can control the band power marker more precisely by opening the Markers Properties window. Click Markers > Calculation to access user-settable text boxes for setting the center and width of the band power marker.

Figure 10. Band power display.

Note that the band power markers will do more than just band power. They are, in essence, integrating band markers. So, for instance, they will integrate EVM between 2 points, if they are used on an EVM spectrum error trace, or calculate total EVM for a range of RB, if used on an RB EVM error trace.

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Basic Digital Demodulation

Spectrum and time domain measurments

Get basics right, nd major problems

Basic digital demodulation

Signal quality numbers, constellation, basic error vector measurement

Advanced digital demodulation

Find specic problems and causes

Once you have examined your signal and verified that there are no major spectral or time problems, the next step is to demodulate it. We'll set up a constellation display and measure basic I/Q parameters using the LTE demodulator as shown in Table 14. This time we will recall a recording of an LTE FDD format signal. Remember, though, that the measurements and displays you will see will apply to LTE TDD signals as well.

LTE FDD downlink analysis

Table 14. Recall demo signal package Instructions: 89600 VSA software Toolbar menus File > Preset > Preset All Note: Using Preset All will cause all saved user state information to be lost. If this is a concern, save the current state before using Preset All. Click File > Save > Setup Note: The Menu/Toolbars, Display Appearance, and User Color Map may also be saved in a similar way. Recall demo signal package for LTE FDD downlink signal. Using this feature will recall the selected signal, with its pre-defined setup file. In addition it will open your browser to display an html format file which will have additional information on the signal. You can read this information or just close the browser window. File > Recall > Recall Demo > LTE > LTE_FDD_ DL_5MHz_v860.htm (Default directory is C:\Program Files\Agilent\89600 VSA\ Help\Signals) Click Open

Preset the software. In general, this is a good thing to do prior to beginning measurements with a new modulation format.

Start the signal. Once it has populated the display, pause the signal. LTE demodulation is a resource-intensive measurement, and pausing it will let us make changes to the display faster.

Press Start

(toolbar, left)

Once all displays are painted, pause the analysis by pressing the pause/restart key (toolbar, left)

Your display should look similar to Figure 11.

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Figure 11. Initial display of FDD DL recording. Note consistent color-coding used throughout all traces.

Navigating around the display

The rst thing you will notice is that there are 6 individual displays. You can control the content of any display. To see the wide range of data traces available to you, simply double click on the trace title, located at the top left of each trace. Or, go to the menu toolbar and select Trace>Data > Either way, when you do so, you will see an entire list of available trace data. See Figure 12.

Figure 12. Trace data available for each display. To see more available trace data, click on another Type: selection, e.g., Channel 1, Demod, or MIMO. Additional data choices will appear in the right hand Data: column.

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To change the layout of the displays, go to the menu toolbar and click on Display > Layout > You can choose to display 1, 2, 3, 4, or 6 traces, in either stacked or grid format. Alternatively, you can click on the display layout quick-select button, located just below the menu toolbar. See Figure 13 for an example of both methods.

Figure 13. Control the display layout of your measurements using the menu toolbar or the quickselect button located just below the toolbar.

Frame Summary
Lets take a look at each display. First, lets start with Trace F, the Frame Summary (see Figure 14). This trace is a table of all detected signals and channels. Important overall information is provided: error (EVM), power, modulation format, and number of resource blocks detected. Note that each channel and signal has a unique color. This same color will be used throughout the other displays, whenever channel or signal type is available or important. Thus, the Frame Summary serves as a rst-level troubleshooting tool, as well as a legend for the other traces.

Figure 14. The Frame Summary display provides a quick overview of the entire frame structure. It also serves as the color-code legend for the other traces.

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Constellation
Trace A shows a constellation. The colors in this constellation match the colors in the Frame Summary. You can see that some dots in the constellation appear to have multiple colors. You can use the 89600 VSAs Select Area marker to expand the X and Y axis to gain further resolution. See Figure 15 as an example. The Select Area marker is highlighted with a red box.

Figure 15. Detail in the constellation display can be seen when you use the Select Area marker to scale and expand the X and Y axis.

Detected allocations
Trace B is the Detected Allocations Time trace for Layer 0. See Figure 16. This signal is not MIMO, so only results for Layer 0 are available. This trace is also a good way to get an overall view of your signal. It shows the subcarriers versus symbols, color-coded to show what signals and channels are occupying the symbols and subcarriers. Again, if you want greater detail, use the Select Area marker to expand the X and Y axis scaling. Use this trace to conrm your signal structure.

Figure 16. The Detected Allocation Time trace provides detailed visual information about your signal structure.

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Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

Traces C and E plot the EVM versus frequency (sub-carrier) or time (symbol). The average error value for a given sub-carrier or symbol is shown in white. The 89600 VSA provides you with some useful tools for tracking errors, including marker-coupling. Marker coupling allows you to look at an error or item of interest, and see what it looks like in the other domains. To see how marker coupling works, follow the steps in Table 15.
Table 15. Marker coupling Instructions: 89600 VSA software Turn markers ON in Traces A, B, C, E Couple markers. As you activate a marker in one trace, youll be able to see where that data point is in another trace. In the EVM Time Trace E, place a marker on a peak. This will put the marker to the symbol with the highest EVM. Choose another peak. Note how the marker location in all the other traces moved as well. Often you can see similarities with other error peaks, which might indicate a problem. In this case, for example, most of the higher peaks appear to be associated with the first or last carriers. The higher EVM here could be associated with filter cut-off problems. Toolbar menus Right-click in Trace A and select Show Marker. Do the same for Traces B, C, and E. Click in any trace (A, B, C, or E). This activates the trace. On the menu toolbar, click Markers > Couple Markers. Right click on Trace E and select Peak. Note: the location of the marker in Traces A, B, C. (It may be at the extreme beginning of the EVM spectrum and Detected Allocations Trace.)

On the display, choose another high peak. Or, you can use the marker search function. Click Markers > Search > Peak Right (or Peak Left)

Your display should look similar to Figure 17.

Figure 17. Marker coupling allows you to track errors between traces. Note that the marker readout area (bottom of display) verifies that the marker is indicating the same point in all traces.

Figure 18. The Error Summary Table provides important information about the overall signal quality. Note that the peak EVM value was detected at subcarrier 150, as discovered in the previous section.

Error Summary table

Trace D shows the Error Summary table. See Figure 18. This table provides parametric data for the signal, including EVM, frequency errors, power, and IQ errors. This table also shows the cyclic prex length mode, the cell ID, and whether the VSA is set up for the resource signal pseudo random sequence to be custom or standard (3GPP).
23

Selective channel analysis

The analysis software allows users to make EVM measurement on selected channels only. Let's set up the analyzer to measure EVM for the data channels, but not for control channels and signals.
Table 16. Selective channel analysis Instructions: 89600 VSA software Turn markers OFF in Traces A, B, C, E Toolbar menus Right-click in Trace A and de-select Show Marker. Do the same for Traces B, C, and E.

Exclude control channels and signals from the analysis results Your results should look similar to Figure 19. By selecting and de-selecting channels, you can focus your analysis and troubleshooting on one area at a time. Re-select all the channels and signals before continuing Click MeasSetup > Demod Properties > Profile (tab) Un-check P-SS, S-SS, PBCH, PCFICH, PHICH, PDCCH, and RS Click Close

Click MeasSetup > Demod Properties > Profile (tab) Select Incl. All Click Close

Figure 19. Using the VSAs channel select capability, you can investigate the behavior of each class of channel and signal, independently.

Its important to note that, although we may have de-selected certain channels or signals, the Frame Summary Table will continue to display information for all available channels and signals.

24

Resource block data traces

The information shown in the previous section reflects the default trace data selections. But for LTE, there is another important view of your signal: by resource block (RB). The 89600 VSA has four views of RB performance: EVM by RB, EVM by slot, power per RB, and power per slot. Lets take a look at these, as well as the Symbol Table, by following the instructions in Table 17.
Table 17. Display RB traces plus Symbol Table Instructions: 89600 VSA software Change Trace A to display EVM by RB for each time slot The EVM for each time slot is shown, along with an average line (shown in orange on this display) Toolbar menus Select Trace A by clicking anywhere in it. Double click on the Trace A title (currently A: Layer 0 OFDM Meas). From the left hand column, select Layer 0. From the right hand column select RB Error Mag Spectrum. Right click in the trace then select Y Auto Scale. Change Trace B to display power in each RB for all time slots. The power for each time slot is shown, along with average power. Change Trace C to display EVM per time slot, for all RB. The average EVM value across all RB is also shown. Change Trace D to display power in each RB, across all time slots Double click on the Trace B title. From the left hand column, select Layer 0. From the right hand column select RB Power Spectrum. Right click in the trace then select Y Auto Scale. Double click on the Trace C title. From the left hand column, select Layer 0. From the right hand column select RB Error Mag Time. Right click in the trace then select Y Auto Scale. Double click on the Trace D title. From the left hand column, select Layer 0. From the right hand column select RB Power Time. Right click in the trace then select Y Auto Scale. Change Trace E to display the Symbol Table Double click on the Trace E title. From the left hand column, select Layer 0. From the right hand column select Symbol Table.

Your display should look similar to Figure 20.

Figure 20. Error and power data by RB or slot. Note that an RB may contain channel and signal data, so no color coding is used. In contrast, the Symbols Table uses the same color-coding given in the Frame Summary.

25

LTE TDD analysis

Although this section used an LTE FDD signal, you can make the same measurements using an LTE TDD signal. Table 18 shows you how to recall an LTE TDD recording. With that, you can perform all of the measurement steps shown in this section.

Table 18. Recalling an LTE TDD recording Instructions: 89600 VSA software Toolbar menus File > Preset > Preset All Note: Using Preset All will cause all saved user state information to be lost. If this is a concern, save the current state before using Preset All. Click File > Save > Setup Note: The Menu/Toolbars, Display Appearance, and User Color Map may also be saved in a similar way. Recall demo signal package for LTE TDD downlink signal. Using this feature will recall the selected signal, with its pre-defined setup file. In addition it will open your browser to display an html format file which will have additional information on the signal. You can read this information or just close the browser window. Start the signal. Once it has populated the display, pause the signal. This is because the LTE demodulation is a resource-intensive measurement, and pausing it will let us make changes to the display faster.

Preset the software. In general, this is a good thing to do prior to beginning measurements with a new modulation format.

File > Recall > Recall Demo > LTE > LTE_TDD_ DL_5MHz_v860.htm (Default directory is C:\Program Files\Agilent\89600 VSA\ Help\Signals) Click Open

Start

(toolbar, left)

Once all displays are painted, pause the analysis by pressing the pause/restart key (toolbar, left)

When you are nished, your display should look similar to Figure 21.

Figure 21. The LTE TDD demo signal shows obvious differences from the LTE FDD demo signal used in the previous section. However, all the same tools are available here as well.

26

Advanced Digital Demodulation

Spectrum and time domain measurments

Get basics right, nd major problems

Basic digital demodulation

Signal quality numbers, constellation, basic error vector measurement

Advanced digital demodulation

Find specic problems and causes Advanced demodulation techniques allow you to focus in on signal errors, or set up the analyzer so that more detailed troubleshooting is possible. Next, well begin analyzing a 5 MHz LTE FDD DL 4x4 MIMO signal with impairments. It is centered at 1 GHz. In the signal the PBCH power is 2 dB high and the PDCCH channel power is 1 dB high. This signal includes direct MIMO paths only; there are no cross-channel paths.
Table 19. Recall impaired LTE FDD DL 4x4 MIMO signal Instructions: 89600 VSA software Toolbar menus File > Preset > Preset All Note: Using Preset All will cause all saved user state information to be lost. If this is a concern, save the current state before using Preset All. Click File > Save > Setup Note: The Menu/Toolbars, Display Appearance, and User Color Map may also be saved in a similar way. Before starting the measurement, we must enable 4x4 analysis. To do this, we must set up the hardware to simulate an Agilent 4-channel Infiniium scope. In the toolbar: Utilities > Hardware > ADC1(tab) > scroll down and check SIM::Infiniium. Select any tab with a red check and uncheck all checked boxes. Press OK In the toolbar press: Input > Channels > 4 Channels File > Recall > Recall Demo > LTE> LTE_FDD_ DL_5MHz_4x4_v860.htm (Default directory is C:\Program Files\Agilent\89600 VSA\ Help\Signals) Click Open Press Start Start the signal playback. Once it has populated the display, pause the signal. (toolbar, left)

Preset the software. In general, this is a good thing to do prior to beginning measurements with a new modulation format.

Recall the demo signal package for the LTE FDD 4x4 MIMO downlink signal.

Once all displays are painted, pause the analysis by pressing the pause/restart key (toolbar, left)

The measurement set-up file sets all of the parameters for measuring the modulation on the signal. You can change most parameters. Adjustment of some parameters is limited by the length of the recording or the capabilities of the platform use to record the signal. To see what these modulation parameters are, check the Demod Properties tab. Auto scale Traces C and E Figure 22. LTE FDD DL 4x4 MIMO with impairments.

MeasSetup > Demod Properties > Format (tab) Note: Click the Help button (lower right of the menu) for an explanation of the controls.

Right click on Trace C and select Y Auto Scale. Repeat for Trace E. The display should look similar to Figure 22.

27

Troubleshooting PBCH and PDDCH impairments

In examining Traces C and E, it is obvious that something is wrong with the PBCH and PDDCH channels. We can tell this by noticing that two colors, yellow and bright green are in the EVM traces, elevated and if we put a marker on those colors we can read their titles and values. The channel's EVM and power can be seen in Trace F, Frame Summary. To begin the troubleshooting process, we will isolate the problem channels in order to analyze them in detail.
Table 20. Troubleshooting PBCH and PDDCH channels step 1: isolate channels Instructions: 89600 VSA software Isolate the PBCH and PDDCH channels for further analysis. Change Trace B to display the reference signal. This signal represents the ideal locations of the signal. Change display format to stacked two Toolbar menus MeasSetup> Demod Properties > Profile(tab) > Excl. All Check PBCH and PDCCH in the window Double-click on the Trace B title, and select Layer 0 from the left hand column, and IQ Ref from the right hand column Display > Layout > Stacked 2

The reference IQ trace is developed by the VSA software based on the modulation format, control channel parameters, LTE allocations, and other parameters set by the user or read in from an Agilent Signal Studio setup file. For more information, see Help > Contents>Index (tab). Type IQ Ref in the search window, and select IQ Ref (LTE) as your desired topic. Your display should look similar to Figure 23. Note that in Trace A, both the PDCCH (yellow) and PBCH channels (green) are outside the reference target, the PBCH more so than the PDCCH. This indicates that both channels are higher in amplitude than expected.

Figure 23. The reference Trace (B, lower), indicates what the constellation would be like if the data were perfect. The measured Trace (A, upper), indicates what was actually measured and clearly shows a problem.

28

Measured versus reference power levels

Now that we have isolated the channels with problems, lets check out the power levels of the signals, both what should exist (reference IQ power), and what was actually measured (measured IQ power).
Table 21. Troubleshooting PBCH and PDDCH channels step 2: measured power vs. reference power Instructions: 89600 VSA software Change Trace A to show the measured power versus time Toolbar menus Double click on Trace A Y-axis title (Const) Choose Log Mag (db) Right click in the trace and press Y auto scale Double click on Trace B Y-axis title (Const) Change Trace B to show the reference power versus time Choose Log Mag (db) Right click in the trace and press Y auto scale Click in Trace A to select it In the toolbar, press Trace > Digital Demod To simplify the display, turn off the average line in both traces In the menu, de-select Show 2D Avg Line (bottom right corner of dialog box) Click in Trace B to select it, then repeat above step to remove the average line You may need to auto scale the traces again Click in Trace A to select it Display the expected reference power level and the measured power level, in order to compare them When you are done, your display should look similar to Figure 24. Click on the marker pointer in the toolbar Place the cursor on a PBCH (green) channel. The information on the selected point is displayed in the marker status bar at the bottom of the screen. Repeat for Trace B

Figure 24. Power per carrier for PBCH. Both the measured (Trace A) and expected reference power (Trace B) are shown. Marker values are shown in the marker annotation area at the bottom of the window.

The reference power level for PBCH is 0 dB, as shown by the Trace B marker at the bottom of the display. The actual power level is 2 dB, as noted by the Trace A marker. You can repeat the steps, beginning with the last step in Table 20 but this time placing the markers on a PDCCH channel (yellow). If you do this, you will note that actual power is 1 dB high.
29

MIMO measurements and displays

The 89600 VSA software lets you make a wide range of measurements to help you understand the behavior of your MIMO system. Lets take a look at some of them.
Table 22. Display MIMO-specific traces and tables Instructions: 89600 VSA software We have made alot of changes to the measurement set-up, so lets recall the signal as we did in the beginning, so that we are at known starting place Toolbar menus File > Recall > Recall Demo > LTE> LTE_FDD_ DL_5MHz_4x4_Impair_v860.htm (Default directory is C:\Program Files\Agilent\89600 VSA\Help\Signals) Click Open Start the signal. Once it has populated the display, pause the signal. Press (toolbar, upper left)

Once all displays are painted, pause the analysis by pressing the pause/restart key (toolbar, upper left) Click anywhere in Trace A to activate it

Change Trace A to display MIMO info table

Double-click on the Trace A title Select MIMO from the left hand column, and Info Table from the right hand column Click anywhere in Trace B to activate it Double-click on the Trace B title

Change Trace B to display MIMO common tracking error

Select MIMO from the left hand column, and Common Tracking Error from the right hand column Right-click in the trace and select Y auto scale Click anywhere in Trace C to activate it Double-click on the Trace C title

Change Trace C to display MIMO channel frequency response

Select MIMO from the left hand column, and Eq Chan Freq Resp from the right hand column Right-click in the trace and select Y auto scale Click anywhere in Trace D to activate it Double-click on the Trace D title

Change Trace D to display MIMO channel frequency response adjacent difference trace

Select MIMO from the left hand column, and Eq Chan Freq Resp Adj Diff from the right hand column Right-click in the trace and select Y auto scale Click anywhere in Trace E to activate it Double-click on the Trace E title

Change Trace E to display MIMO condition number

Select MIMO from the left hand column, and Eq Cond Number from the right hand column Right-click in the trace and select Y auto scale Click anywhere in Trace F to activate it

Change Trace F to display Layer 1 Symbol Table

Double-click on the Trace F title Select Layer 1 from the left hand column, and Symbol Table from the right hand column

Lets take a look at each trace individually. For complete information, see the Help text.

30

MIMO Info table

The MIMO Info table shows the performance metrics for each transmission path. The color coding here signifies the the MIMO path and coordinates with the MIMO traces. This MIMO signal was collected by direct connection to the transmitters so it contains only the direct Tx/Rx paths. No data is shown for the cross paths because there is no signal there. The Antenna Detection Threshold specified on the Format tab of the LTE Demod Properties dialog box detects this and blanks all of the results for those paths except resource signal power. Were data available on the other pairs, metrics would be shown.

Figure 25. MIMO Info table. Note the color coding by transmission path.

MIMO Common Tracking Error Trace

The MIMO Common Tracking Error Trace displays the common tracking error data for all Tx/Rx antenna paths. See Figure 31. Traces for missing paths are not shown. The color-coding maps to the same color-coding used in the MIMO Info table of Trace A. Placing a marker on any trace will also display the transmission path.

Figure 26. MIMO Common Tracking Error. There is 1 trace per Tx/Rx pair. This trace uses the same color-coding as the MIMO Info Table.

31

MIMO channel frequency response

Trace C, Figure 27, shows the frequency response for all Tx/Rx paths simultaneously. Each individual trace is computed using the reference signal of the selected Tx Antenna port. The color-coding maps to the same color-coding used in the MIMO Info table of Trace A.

Figure 27. Equalizer frequency response traces for all active transmission paths.

MIMO channel frequency response, adjacent difference

The MIMO Eq Chan Freq Resp Diff Trace, Figure 28, shows the channel response's rate of change with respect to frequency, for each transmission path, and is computed by subtracting the channel frequency response from a shifted version of itself (by one subcarrier). This trace can be used to nd the source of a spur or other problem in a signal that causes high EVM. See the Help text for more information. The color-coding is again the same as the MIMO Info table.

Figure 28. This trace shows the rate of change for the equalizer frequency response. It can help distinguish between channel-caused and signal-caused errors.

32

MIMO condition number

Trace E shows the MIMO condition number by subcarrier. See Figure 29. Condition number is a standard measure of how ill-conditioned the MIMO matrix is. If the condition number is larger than the SNR of the signal, it is likely that separation of the multiple MIMO transmission paths will not work correctly and so proper de-coding will not occur.

Figure 29. The equalizer condition number can provide a value of the overall quality of the MIMO signal.

Symbol table
The Symbol table shows the data transmitted in the MIMO layer selected by the user. To change the layer data displayed, double-click the trace title and select a different layer. The color-coding used here matches the Frame Summary table.

Figure 30. Symbol Table for Layer 1. Symbols for the other layers are available as well. The colorcoding matches that of the Frame Summary Table.

33

LTE TDD MIMO

Just as a reminder, although the demo signal shown here is FDD, you can also make the same measurements on an LTE TDD MIMO signal. Included in the LTE demo signal directory is a 4x2 MIMO example. Press File > Recall Demo > LTE > LTE_TDD_DL_5MHz_4x2_WithChannel_v860.htm to access it.

Conclusion

The 3GPP LTE standard is a powerful standard which has undergone major development to provide extensive capabilities to end users. The 89600 VSA software is designed to provide exible displays and powerful control of the measurement parameters in order to dig deep into the signal to troubleshoot it. Option BHD provides LTE FDD modulation analysis, while Option BHE provides LTE TDD analysis. Both options are capable of analyzing uplink, downlink, and 2x2, 4x2, and 4x4 MIMO systems. With a careful understanding of how LTE signals work, you can use the 89600 VSA to uncover virtually all aspects of your physical layer signal and any problems therein.

34

Glossary

3GPP 3G AMC ACK CAZAC CCDF CP DL DM RS DFTS-OFDM DwPTS EVM FDD GP HSDPA HSPA LTE MBMS MIMO NACK OFDM OFDMA OS PAPR PBCH PCFICH PDCCH PDSCH PHICH PMCH PRACH PRS P-SS PUCCH PUSCH QAM QPSK RB RS SC-FDMA S-RS S-SS TDD TrCH TTI UpPTS UL W-CDMA

3rd Generation Partnership Project 3rd Generation Adaptive Modulation and Coding Acknowledgement Constant Amplitude Zero Auto Correlation Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function Cyclic Prefix Downlink (base station to subscriber transmission) Demodulation Reference Signal Discrete Fourier Transform Spread - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Downlink Pilot Timeslot Error Vector Magnitude Frequency Division Duplex Guard Period High Speed Downlink Packet Access High Speed Packet Access Long Term Evolution Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service Multiple Input Multiple Output Negative Acknowledgement Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Orthogonal Sequence Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Physical Broadcast Channel Physical Control Format Indicator Channel Physical Downlink Control Channel Physical Downlink Shared Channel Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel Physical Multicast Channel Physical Random Access Channel Pseudo Random Sequence Primary - Synchronization Signal Physical Uplink Control Channel Physical Uplink Shared Channel Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Resource Block Reference Signal (pilot) Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access Sounding Reference Signal Secondary - Synchronization Signal Time Division Duplex Transport Channel Transmission Time Interval Uplink Pilot Timeslot Uplink (Subscriber to base station transmission) Wideband - Code Division Multiple Access

35

Related Literature

89600 Series Vector Signal Analysis Software, Technical Overview, 5989-1679EN 89600 Series Vector Signal Analysis 89601A/89601AN/89601N12 Software, Data Sheet, 5989-1786EN 89600 Vector Signal Analysis demo software, CD, 5980-1989E Understanding the Intricacies of LTE, LTE poster, 5989-7646EN Move Forward to What's Possible in LTE, Agilent's LTE Solutions Guide, 5989-7817EN Hardware Measurement Platforms for the Agilent 89600 Series Vector Signal Analysis Software, Data Sheet, 5989-1753EN 89600S Series VXI-based Vector Signal Analyzers, Configuration Guide, 5968-9350E 3GPP Long Term Evolution: System Overview, Product Development, and Test Challenges, 5989-8139EN Agilent Infiniium Oscilloscopes Performance Guide Using 89600 Vector Signal Analyzer Software, 5988-4096EN

Web Resourses

For additional information, visit:

www.agilent.com/find/89600 www.agilent.com/find/LTE

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Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice. Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2008-2011 Printed in USA, February 23, 2011 5989-7698EN