The following are the major problems of education and its institutions in Pakistani society:1.

Poor standard of education and mass failure in examinations. 2. Illiteracy. 3. Unrest among students. Poor Standard of Education Most of the students who pass the examination fall in third division. Only a few percent gets first and second division in higher education of college and university. Those who fail in examinations make a bulk of the whole. Mostly they are more than 70 percent of the total who appear in examinations. Moreover those who clear they make several attempts in several years. Those who clear without failure throughout their education career form a very minute ratio in the whole. It means years of costly life and thousands of rupees per year are lost for every young students who does not clear in one attempt. The total loss of life and money at national level is great tragedy for this nation. Hence mass failure in examinations and poor standard in education can be called a social problem of Pakistan. Among its causes the following points are worthy of importance: 1. The teachers role is also responsible to the extent when the students in class are not satisfied by his teaching and behaviour. 2. The parents are responsible to the extent that they pay little attention to their children at home and think themselves free from this duty. 3. The community is responsible for providing an environment which is not favourable toward education. Radio, T. V, papers, books, celebrations, associations and other social activities in community attract the attention of students and they get off their studies. 4. The students cannot be blamed because they have always been in the hands of above three agencies that could mould then as useful as they could. Illiteracy In Pakistani society the rate of literacy according to 1981 census was about 34 percent. While literacy definition was able to read a paragraph in any language with understanding. Now literacy rate is being estimated at 30 percent and illiteracy being 70 percent. An illiterate person can neither understand the problems and new trends of social life nor can follow them. He remains backward and the standard of living of such people remains very low. The total national development is affected negatively. To make the nation progressive it is imperative to remove or minimise illiteracy. The programme launched by government is called adult education. This policy is facing serious problems in rural areas specially where the adult students find little time to attend to the teacher all at a time and at one place. Unrest among Students The students in colleges and universities are facing problems of dissatisfaction which they express through mass behaviour like strikes and class boycott. This situation sometimes grows so serious that the governments were forced to change. This situation according to the science of society has following reasons: 1. The students expressing leadership through mass behaviour had experienced dissatisfaction in the socialization of their early childhood. The family could not socialize them in normal social life and the dissatisfaction led to frustration. This frustration could be expressed in no other situation except a suitable ground found in educational institutions. 2. The dissatisfaction coming to students from their teachers and college administration also added to

their unrest condition. 3. The dissatisfaction coming to the students from the list of hopes of success in examinations diverted toward new activities. 4. The students who get into politics of college and the community pay little attention towards study and become active worker of politics. They show unrest behaviour in educational institutions.

The problems of quality education

By Isagani A. Cruz Philippine Daily Inquirer First Posted 03:43:00 04/05/2009 Filed Under: Education

With classes already ended in most schools, the next and last important function of the present school year is the commencement exercises. This used to be reserved only for the graduating students, but the ceremony is now performed on all scholastic levels, from the postgraduate, collegiate, secondary, intermediate, primary, and even the preparatory for the toga-ed tots with their nursing bottles. Article XV, Sec. 1 of the Constitution provides that ?the State shall provide and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.? This is one of the pipe dreams of the framers who should have known that, like social justice, government transparency and other fantasies, it belonged to the wonderful Land of Oz. Today, worse than at any other period in our republic, our literacy record is no longer one of the proud achievements of our country. As a boy during the American regime here, I took it for granted that the farmer or laborer could read and write, and manage an ordinary conversation in English even with foreigners. The old Thomasites would call it ?carabao English,? but at least it was better than the grammar of the yokels in Arkansas. You could talk before to any ?cochero? [coachman] anywhere in the country, and in English too, and you would be understood. But recently, when I asked a carpenter to list down the materials he needed for some repairs in my house, he deftly made me do the writing instead as he dictated. The old man, for all his expertise with his tools, was helpless with an ordinary pencil. It made me wonder how he could have managed with his deficiency, given his age and the people he dealt with who knew how to read and write. The Constitution also requires the State to ?establish and maintain a system of free public education in the elementary and high school levels. Without limiting the natural right of parents to rear their children, elementary education is compulsory for children of school age.? My concept of ?free public education? is illustrated by that photograph once published in this paper of a group of rustic children studying in the grass under a spreading mango tree. No chairs or desks, no blackboards, and no umbrellas in case of rain in the absent classroom. As for compulsory elementary education for children of school age, do we have truant officers in this country? There must be hundreds of thousands of such children who should be in school but are pursuing other activities not necessarily lawful. The greater tragedy is shared by the unfortunate ones who hope to build better lives for themselves through education but cannot enjoy this benefit because they have to help their families earn a living. Education in this country is mostly for the privileged, and also the less privileged. It has become a status symbol. One does not enroll his children in the public schools because people might think he cannot afford the private schools. This vanity may even extend to postgraduate studies abroad where the mediocre scion is sent to an also tolerable college whose policy is to pass all paying foreign students. He will be returning home with his bought academic titles and be respectfully welcomed for his foreign entitlements. The obvious weakness of education in this country is that everyone can enter college provided he can pay the tuition and other fees. Aptitude should be the controlling criterion for enrollment but is not even required in many cases. In Department of Education vs. San Diego, 180 SCRA 533, a person who had failed as many as five times the entrance test for admission to a medical school challenged it as oppressive. In sustaining the test, the Supreme Court said: ?While every person is entitled to aspire to be a doctor, he does not have a constitutional right to be a doctor. This is true of any other calling in which the public interest is involved; and the closer the link, the longer the bridge to one?s ambitions?. A person cannot insist on being a physician if he will be a menace to his patients. If one who wants to be a lawyer will prove better as a plumber, he should be so advised. Of course, he may not be forced to be a plumber but on the other hand he may not force his entry into the bar.? I cannot resist telling that old joke about the woman who called her grandchild Diploma. ?We sold two carabaos so our daughter could earn a degree,? she said. ?She came back instead with child, and that?s her Diploma.? There are millions of our dispossessed countrymen who are deprived of the right to quality education for the mythical excuse of lack of funds, which are heartlessly squandered by the government for personal extravagances and affectations. A good example is the junkets

of privileged officials, not excluding the President of the Philippines, where hundreds of millions of pesos are wasted when they could be put to better use for improving the quality of public education in this country. The commencement exercises mostly scheduled this month will increase the unemployment figures, which have swelled all over the world. How will the new batch of graduates fare in the face of the global recession?

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K+12 reforms in educati on long overdue Angara

By Marvin Sy (The Philippine Star) Updated April 26, 2012 12:00 AM Comments (0)

MANILA, Philippines - Sen. Edgardo Angara welcomed the formal launching of the K+12 reformed basic education program on Tuesday as timely but long overdue. In a statement, Angara, chairman of the Senate committee on education, arts and culture, said the K+12 program is a step forward in providing higher quality education for Filipino children. Through the resolve of the DepEd (Department of Education), headed by Secretary Armin Luistro, we will finally start delivering world-class education to a larger number of Filipinos at relatively no cost to them, Angara said. He expressed concern over the data of the National Statistical Coordination Board, which showed that fewer students are graduating from courses related to education, science, teacher training, engineering and technology. Angara said the government must address the gap to provide good jobs and higher income for more Filipinos. This is a significant challenge, one that cannot be achieved in just one year, or in the span of one administration, and I agree that the solution goes beyond adding two years to the education cycle, he said. Angara, former president of the University of the Philippines, said the curriculum and teaching methods used by schools must be evaluated and improved to deal with the use of the mother tongue as well as meet the evolving needs of our people. Our teachers will have to be trained in novel pedagogies. The lack of school buildings and other necessary infrastructure will have to be addressed as quickly and as sustainably as possible. Cutting-edge technologies, like high-speed ICTs (information and communication technology) will have to be utilized to reach more students, Angara said.