TESTING & INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

(Chapter 10 Cognitive Abilities) Cognitive ability vs intelligenceCognitive ability is the vapacity to reason, remember, understand, solve problems, and make decisions. Intelligence is a kind of cognitive ability- attributes that center around skill at informaitonn processing, problem solveing, and dapting to new or changing environments Alfred Binet vs Louis Terman (Stanford Binet) Binet- kids abilities increase with age. Terman published Stanford-Binet test. Added items to measure the intelligence of adults andf changed way it was scored. Mental age /chronological age X 100 = IQ (100 is average) WISC vs WASC WISC measures intelligence in children. WASC meaures intelligence in adults Both meaure using verbal and performance scales.; Verbal vs performance scale Verbal arthimatic probmes, digits, define vocab, understand general knowledge. Performance understand relationsip between objects/ manipulate them. Measure mazes, pics, blocks, story making Aptitude vs achievement tests Aptitude measreu capacity to learn Achievement tests what you have learned Norms vs standardization NORM:Frequency at which particular scores occur (compare stat) Standaridzation: conditions surrounding test similar for everyone who takes it. (its objective) Reliability vs validity Reliability: test can be repeated with the same results Validity: test scores are used and interpreted properly Test-retest vs alternate form vs split-half Test-retest: group of people take same test twice; scores wont change much Alternate form- use alternate form of the test at the second testing . must be like first form. Split-half- correlation coefficient is calculated between each persons scores on two comparable halves of the test. Content vs criterion vs vs predictive validity Content- degree to which the content of a test is fair and a representative sample of what the test is suppose to measure. Criterion- how well the score correlates with an independent measure of whtever the test is suppose to assess(hand-eye coordination) Predictive validity- test score cannot be measured until sometime in the future. Self-fulfilling prophecy in the classroom and relation to intelligence Psychometric Approach What and who? g vs s fluid vs crystallized intelligence Information-processing approach What and who? Triarchic Approach What and who? Multiple Intelligences what and who? What is creativity? Divergent vs convergent thinking Mentally challenged vs learning disabled

Dyslexia vs dysphasia vs dysgraphia vs dyscalculia What are power tests? What is your high ability; peak; every subtests gets harder can tell were u stop cuz u failed at this one. What is the Flynn Effect? Overtime the human species are getting more intelligence as generations go on. What is emotional intelligence? High- tell wat someone is feeling. -also about controlling my own emotions.