10.

1
Ohm's law ------------------------E=I*R I=E/R R=E/I E = voltage (volts) I = current (amperes) R = resistance (ohms)

Formulas

Finding a transformer's impedance ------------------------This formula is useful for finding the input transformer's impedance so a capacitor can be matched with it. Z=E/I Z = impedance in ohms E = secondary voltage output I = secondary current ouput in amps (divide milliamps by 1000 to get amps)

Matching capacitor size to transformer -------------------------1 C = ------------------2 x pi x Z x .00006

C = capacitance in microfarads needed for primary capacitor. Z = Transformer Impedence pi = 3.141592654 Note: The .00006 is the 60 Hz AC, if you live outside the US then substitute your cycle rate.

Watt's law ------------------------This formula is useful to find a transformer's power output based on it's output voltage and current or to find other values such as current or voltage output based on it's power rating. P=E*I E=P/I I=P/E P = power in watts or volt-amperes (VA)

E = voltage in volts I = current in amps

Inductive reactance ------------------------This formula finds the reactance (AC impedance) of a given inductor at a given frequency. X(l) = 2 * pi * f * L X(l) = AC impedance (reactance) in ohms pi = 3.1415 f = frequency in hertz L = inductance in henries (divide by 1,000,000 to convert microhenries t0 henries)

Capacitive reactance ------------------------This formula is the same as the inductive reactance formula except for one point, the value is inverted. It determines the reactance (AC impedance) of a capacitor at a given frequency. 1 X(c) = -------------2 * pi * f * C X(c) = AC impedance (reactance) in ohms pi = 3.1415 f = frequency in hertz C = capacitance in farads (divide by 1,000,000 to convert microfarads to Farads)

Frequecy of LC circuit ------------------------This formula determines the resonant frequency of an LC tank circuit. 1 -------------______________ f = \/2 * pi * L * C f = frequency in hertz pi = 3.1415 L = inductance in henries (divide by 1,000,000 to convert microhenries to henries) C = capacitance in farads (divide by 1,000,000 to convert microfarads to farads)

Q (quality) of an inductor ------------------------This finds the quality (how good it is) of an inductor. It's based on it's resistance and it's reactance. Q = X(l) / R Q = quality (there is no unit for quality)

X(l) = inductor's reactance in ohms R = the inductor's resistance in ohms

Wheeler's Formula for Inductance ------------------------L(uH) = (r^2) * (N^2) / (9*r + 10*h) where: r = coil RADIUS in inches N = number of turns h = coil height in inches Another useful formula is Medhurst's formula for self capacitance of a coil.

Medhurst's formula: C = K x D ------------------------where: C = capacitance in picofarads K = constant which depends on the ratio of the coil height to diameter x = means multiply K times D D = solenoidal coil diameter in centimeters H = coil height in centimeters H/D 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 K 0.81 0.77 0.72 0.67 0.61 0.56 0.50 0.47 0.46

Now that you know the inductance and self capacitance of your secondary coil you can determine the resonant frequency by applying the resonant frequency formula: 1 f = -------------------__________ 2 pi / L C f = frequency in cycles per second L = circuit inductance in henries C = circuit capacitance in farads pi = 3.141592654

This is remarkably accurate for most secondary coils. You can also determine your resonant frequency after adding a toroid by adding the toroid's capacitance to the Medhurst value.

If you are just interested in computing self-resonant frequencies there is another formulad which I have found useful and generally accurate. Its not quite as accurate as the above method. The formula is: (1/5) 29.85 x (H/D) F = ------------------NxD

where: F= self resonant frequency in Mhz of an isolated coil H= coil height in meters D= coil diameter in meters N= total number of turns Make sure the top line reads " (H/D) to the 1/5 power"

Calculating joules ------------------------E=0.5*C*V*V E= energy in joules (watt-seconds) C= capacitqnce in farads V= voltage 1uf= .000001 farad