Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-1
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-2
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-3
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-4
Pallets
Figure 24.4 (a) Schematic illustration of the top view of a horizontal-spindle machining center showing the pallet pool, set-up station for a pallet, pallet carrier, and an active pallet in operation (shown directly below the spindle of the machine). (b) Schematic illustration of two machining centers with a common pallet pool. Various other arrangements are possible in such systems. Source: Hitachi Seiki Co., Ltd.
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-5
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-6
Touch Probes
Figure 24.6 Touch probes used in machining centers for determining workpiece and tool positions and surfaces relative to the machine table or column. (a) Touch probe determining the X-Y (horizontal) position of a workpiece, (b) determining the height of a horizontal surface, (c) determining the planar position of the surface of a cutter (for instance, for cutter-diameter compensation), and (d) determining the length of a tool for tool-length offset. Source: Hitachi Seiki Co., Ltd.
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-7
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-8
Figure 24.8 Schematic illustration of a three-turret, two-spindle computer numerical controlled turning center. Source: Hitachi Seiki Co., Ltd.
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-9
Chip-Collecting System
Figure 24.9 Schematic illustration of a chip-collecting system in a horizontalspindle machining center. The chips that fall by gravity are collected by the two horizontal conveyors at the bottom of the troughs. Source: Okuma Machinery Works Ltd.
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-10
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-11
Figure 24.12 Steel guideways integrally-cast on top of the cast-iron bed of a machining center. Because of its higher elastic modulus, the steel provides higher stiffness than cast iron. Source: Hitachi Seiki Co., Ltd.
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-12
Chatter
Figure 24.13 Chatter marks (right of center of photograph) on the surface of a turned part. Source: General Electric Company.
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-13
Figure 24.14 The relative damping capacity of (a) gray cast iron and (b) epoxygranite composite material. The vertical scale is the amplitude of vibration and the horizontal scale is time. Source: Cincinnati Milacron, Inc.
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-14
2001 Prentice-Hall
Page 24-15
Machining Economics
Figure 24.16 Graphs showing (a) cost per piece and (b) time per piece in machining. Note the optimum speeds for both cost and time. The range between the two is known as the highefficiency machining range.
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology 2001 Prentice-Hall Page 24-16